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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1996

Prediction and replication of the organizational and personal consequences of workplace sexual harassment

Julian Barling, Inez Dekker, Catherine A. Loughlin, E. Kevin Kelloway, Clive Fullagar and Deborah Johnson

Develops, tests and replicates a model of workplace sexual harassment and its personal and organizational consequences. The frequency of sexual harassment experiences…

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Develops, tests and replicates a model of workplace sexual harassment and its personal and organizational consequences. The frequency of sexual harassment experiences predict workplace negative mood which, in turn, predicts psychosomatic wellbeing, turnover intentions and interpersonal (i.e. co‐worker and supervisor) job dissatisfaction. Using LISREL VIII, shows that the model fits the data for a sample of employed Canadian females (n = 202), but not for a sample of employed Canadian males (n = 137). Finally, an analogous model suggesting that sexual harassment predicts negative mood which, in turn, predicts self‐esteem, concentration difficulties and grades, fit the data for a sample of 120 female undergraduate students. Discusses conceptual and practical implications, and future research directions.

Details

Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 11 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949610124771
ISSN: 0268-3946

Keywords

  • Job satisfaction
  • Men
  • Performance
  • Sexual harassment
  • Women

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Book part
Publication date: 11 August 2014

(Re)Embodiment of the Digital Self and First Life Body in a New Social Media Environment: Paid Sex Work in Second Life

Justin A. Martin

Using the perspectives of dramaturgy and symbolic interactionists like George Herbert Mead and Carl Couch this study focuses on paid sex work in the hypermodern, virtual…

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Using the perspectives of dramaturgy and symbolic interactionists like George Herbert Mead and Carl Couch this study focuses on paid sex work in the hypermodern, virtual world of Second Life. Using seventeen semi-structured interviews and six months of ethnographic fieldwork, I find that the employment of sexual scripts, carrying off a successful erotic scene, and the creative use of communication and embodiment are highly valued in escorts’ performance of Second Life sex work. Escorts craft an online persona that is a digital representation of the self, which is manifested in the embodiment of their digital body or avatar. In addition to digital representations of the physical self, Second Life allows for multiple methods of computer-mediated communication, and escorts are able to re-embody the first life body through the trading of first life pictures, voice cybersex, and web cam cybersex. The data allow the conclusion that most escorts are unwilling to re-embody the first life body for reasons of personal safety and the desire to restrict access to the first life self. I find, however, that there is a porous boundary between first life and Second Life in which the first life self comes through in the Second Life persona. In the concluding remarks, I explore the implications this study has for the negotiation of privacy for new social media actors who are reluctant to fully disclose their lives yet perform a persistent, archived persona for friends and followers on the Internet. This study contributes to a small, but growing, body of literature on Second Life and expands the existing work on embodiment and privacy in the digital realm.

Details

Symbolic Interaction and New Social Media
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0163-239620140000043017
ISBN: 978-1-78350-933-1

Keywords

  • Second Life
  • embodiment
  • paid sex work

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Article
Publication date: 17 June 2011

“Bump and grind”: an exploratory study of Mephedrone users' perceptions of sexuality and sexual risk

Marie Claire Van Hout and Rebekah Brennan

This exploratory research aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the strategic roles and incidental or deliberate sex drug associations relating to an emerging…

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Abstract

Purpose

This exploratory research aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the strategic roles and incidental or deliberate sex drug associations relating to an emerging club drug called Mephedrone.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized to analyze 22 in depth interviews in order to describe users' perceptions of this drug's impact on their sexual ideation and practises, while under the influence.

Findings

The finds that disinhibition involving compulsive masturbation, homosexual fantasies in heterosexuals, propositioning of strangers, promiscuity, prolonged marathon drug‐sex encounters involving casual/multiple partners and unsafe sexual practices [UAS/UVS] were all common, with gender differences present in terms of perceived connectivity with partners.

Originality/value

The research underscores the need for greater public health awareness and targeted drug‐sex interventions.

Details

Drugs and Alcohol Today, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17459261111174046
ISSN: 1745-9265

Keywords

  • Mephedrone
  • Substitute cathinones
  • Drugs
  • Sexual behaviour
  • Risk environments

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Book part
Publication date: 2 July 2020

Feminist Criminology in a Time of ‘Digital Feminism’: Can the #MeToo Movement Create Fundamental Cultural Change?

Annie Cossins

One of the key contributions of feminist criminology has been to recognise the cultural significance of the concepts of sex and gender, bodies and social practices in…

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Abstract

One of the key contributions of feminist criminology has been to recognise the cultural significance of the concepts of sex and gender, bodies and social practices in order to conceptualise men’s engagement with crime, including the dominance of men as perpetrators of crimes of violence against women.

This chapter focusses on the #MeToo movement which has revealed the stark contrast between women’s experiences of sexual assault and sexual harassment, and the extent of men’s perceived entitlement to women’s bodies. By theorising the regulatory processes by which different bodies are ‘moralised’, it is possible to see how cultures are created by reference to the values ascribed to different bodies as well as what different bodies do. The author considers the applicability of moral regulation theory to show how processes of sexualisation, including sexual assault and harassment, constitute identity formation and considers whether resistance in the form of the #MeToo movement amounts to a powerful enough challenge to introduce cultural and structural changes.

Details

The Emerald Handbook of Feminism, Criminology and Social Change
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-955-720201007
ISBN: 978-1-78769-956-4

Keywords

  • #MeToo movement
  • sex, race and class
  • intersectionalities
  • sexualisation
  • moral regulation
  • bodies

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Book part
Publication date: 8 February 2016

Going Wild: Law and Literature and Sex

Susan Frelich Appleton and Susan Ekberg Stiritz

This paper explores four works of contemporary fiction to illuminate formal and informal regulation of sex. The paper’s co-authors frame analysis with the story of their…

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Abstract

This paper explores four works of contemporary fiction to illuminate formal and informal regulation of sex. The paper’s co-authors frame analysis with the story of their creation of a transdisciplinary course, entitled “Regulating Sex: Historical and Cultural Encounters,” in which students mined literature for social critique, became immersed in the study of law and its limits, and developed increased sensitivity to power, its uses, and abuses. The paper demonstrates the value theoretically and pedagogically of third-wave feminisms, wild zones, and contact zones as analytic constructs and contends that including sex and sexualities in conversations transforms personal experience, education, society, and culture, including law.

Details

Special Issue: Feminist Legal Theory
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1059-433720160000069002
ISBN: 978-1-78560-782-0

Keywords

  • Law
  • literature
  • sex
  • pleasure
  • feminisms
  • transdisciplinary

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Book part
Publication date: 15 October 2018

Index

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Subcultures, Bodies and Spaces: Essays on Alternativity and Marginalization
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-511-120181018
ISBN: 978-1-78756-512-8

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Book part
Publication date: 25 June 2018

It’s Not a Compliment, It’s Harassment!

Raida Abu Bakar, Rosmawani Che Hashim, Sharmila Jayasingam, Safiah Omar and Norizah Mohd Mustamil

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A Meaningful Life at Work
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-767-220181004
ISBN: 978-1-78756-767-2

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2020

Workplace romance versus sexual harassment: a call to action regarding sexual hubris and sexploitation in the #MeToo era

Lisa Mainiero

The #MeToo movement has brought questions of sexuality and power in the workplace to the forefront. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on hierarchial…

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Abstract

Purpose

The #MeToo movement has brought questions of sexuality and power in the workplace to the forefront. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on hierarchial consensual workplace romances and sexual harassment examining the underlying mechanisms of power relations. It concludes with a call to action for organizational leaders to adopt fair consensual workplace romance policies alongside strong sexual harassment policies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper represents a conceptual review of the literature on consensual workplace romance, sexual harassment, passive leadership and power relations. Passive leadership leads to a climate of incivility that in turn suppresses disclosures of sexual harassment (Lee, 2016). Consensual workplace romances across hierarchical power relations carry significant risks and may turn into harassment should the romance turn sour.

Findings

Two new concepts, sexual hubris and sexploitation, are defined in this paper. Sexual hubris, defined as an opportunistic mindset that allows the powerful to abuse their power to acquire sexual liaisons, and its opposite, sexploitation, defined as a lower-status member using sexuality to gain advantage and favor from an upper-level power target, are dual opportunistic outcomes of an imbalanced power relation. Sexual hubris may increase the likelihood for sexual harassment such that a mindset occurs on the part of the dominant coalition that results in feelings of entitlement. Sexploitation is a micromanipulation tactic designed to create sexual favoritism that excludes others from the power relation.

Research limitations/implications

Sexual hubris and sexploitation are conceptualized as an opportunistic mechanisms associated with imbalanced power relations to spur future research to tease out complex issues of gender, sexuality and hierarchy in the workplace. Sexual hubris serves to protect the dominant coalition and shapes organizational norms of a climate of oppression and incivility. Conversely, sexploitation is a micromanipulation tactic that allows a lower-status member to receive favoritism from a higher-power target. Four research propositions on sexual hubris and sexploitation are presented for future scholarship.

Practical implications

Most organizational leaders believe consensual romance in the office cannot be legislated owing to privacy concerns. Passive leadership is discussed as a leadership style that looks the other way and does not intervene, leading to workplace hostility and incivility (Lee, 2016). Inadequate leadership creates a climate of passivity that in turn silences victims. Policies concerning consensual workplace romance should stand alongside sexual harassment policies regardless of privacy concerns.

Social implications

The #MeToo movement has allowed victims to disclose sexual misconduct and abuse in the workplace. However, the prevalence of sexual harassment claims most often can be traced to a leadership problem. Employers must recognize that sexual hubris and sexploitation arise from imbalances of power, where sex can be traded for advancement, and that often consensual workplace romances end badly, leading to claims of sexual harassment. Consensual romance policies must stand alongside sexual harassment policies.

Originality/value

Sexual hubris and sexploitation are offered as novel concepts that provide a mechanism for conceptualizing the potential for abuse and manipulation from unbalanced power relations. These are original concepts derived from the arguments within this paper that help make the case for consensual workplace romance policies alongside sexual harassment policies.

Details

Gender in Management: An International Journal , vol. 35 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-11-2019-0198
ISSN: 1754-2413

Keywords

  • Harassment
  • Sex and gender issues
  • Sexual discrimination
  • Sexual behavior
  • Managerial power

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Book part
Publication date: 14 September 2010

Fierce bitches on Tranny Lane: gender, sexuality, culture, and the closet in theme park parades

David Orzechowicz

This chapter draws on 17 months of ethnographic observations in the Parade department at an American theme park that I call Wonderland. The Parade department is a…

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This chapter draws on 17 months of ethnographic observations in the Parade department at an American theme park that I call Wonderland. The Parade department is a homonormative workplace, numerically and culturally dominated by gay men. I examine how this work culture challenges the dominance of heteronormative masculinity often embedded at work through an exploration of backstage interactions among performers. I also explore the gendered and racialized meanings of the camp aesthetic that performers embody. I argue that while Parade culture undermines workplace heteronormative masculinity, it also reproduces the epistemology of the closet through its reliance on the gay/straight binary.

Details

Gender and Sexuality in the Workplace
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-2833(2010)0000020013
ISBN: 978-1-84855-371-2

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Book part
Publication date: 19 August 2016

The Walk-In Closet: Between “Gay-Friendly” and “Post-Closeted” Work

David Orzechowicz

Since the 1950s, the closet has been the chief metaphor for conceptualizing the experience of sexual minorities. Social change over the last four decades has begun to…

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Since the 1950s, the closet has been the chief metaphor for conceptualizing the experience of sexual minorities. Social change over the last four decades has begun to dismantle some of the social structures that historically policed heteronormativity and forced queer people to manage information about their sexuality in everyday life. Although scholars argue that these changes make it possible for some sexual minorities to live “beyond the closet” (Seidman, 2002), evidence shows the dynamics of the closet persist in organizations. Drawing on a case study of theme park entertainment workers, whose jobs exist at the nexus of structural conditions that research anticipates would end heterosexual domination, I find that what initially appears to be a post-closeted workplace is, in fact, a new iteration: the walk-in closet. More expansive than the corporate or gay-friendly closets, the walk-in closet provides some sexual minorities with a space to disclose their identities, seemingly without cost. Yet the fundamental dynamics of the closet – the subordination of homosexuality to heterosexuality and the continued need for LGB workers to manage information about their sexuality at work – persist through a set of boundaries that contain gayness to organizationally desired places.

Details

Research in the Sociology of Work
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320160000029023
ISBN: 978-1-78635-405-1

Keywords

  • Heteronormativity
  • homonormativity
  • organizations
  • sexuality
  • the closet
  • work culture

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