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The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the trade-activities in option market on stock market volatility by using KOSPI 200 daily data. First. we divided the option Volume from open interest. then classify the unexpected volume from expected volume to group the trade-activities In option market according to Investor's type. The result of test find that the unexpected volume of call option and the stock volatility have positive relationship. while one of put option and the stock volatility do not have statistically significant relation.

Then. we also divide the option volume Into the classified option volume according to time-maturity. We expect that the informed trader and uninformed trader trade the classified option differently. As a result. in the case of the call ootlon. the trade-activity of the unexpected volume in deep in the money option and deep out 이 the money option has positive relation with the stock volatility. and the at the money option below a month to maturity has positive relation with the stock volatility. This result shows that the informed trader prefer deep in the money option. deep out of the money option and at the money option below a month to maturity among the various option series. But. In the case of put option, it is so hard to find the result of the Informed trader's behavior.

Much debate was brought forth during the South Korean credit card companies' liquidity crisis in 2003. This paper is an in-depth analysis of those credit card issuers' option embedded commercial paper (mentioned as ‘option CP’ henceforth). The main purpose of this paper is in evaluating the ‘option CP's fair value, with the decomposition and analysis on ‘option CP’.

Option CP is stipulated as a CP joined by an OTC credit derivative product. The structure is set so that anyone of the two options, put options and call options, will be executed.

Therefore, the price of option CP excluding the credit option portion will be equal to that of the standard coupon bond at the same maturity.

However, empirical evidence shows otherwise. The evidence clearly states that the option CP yield rates were generally quoted lower than the fair-value rates, even if option premium of credit option portion was included in calculating the value. This evidence has an implication that ‘option CP’s rates are generally issued and traded with unfair value. This paper has significance that it made valuation model of ‘option CP’ and evaluated its fairness, by way of the in-depth analysis of option CP which has not been before.

The KOSPI200 mini options market, introduced in July 2015, is a market where the trading multiplier is reduced to one-fifth of the regular options. This study shows that the price discovery effect of the original options and the mini options estimated by the vector error correction model (VECM) and Hasbrouck's information share (1995, 2003), based on the regular options-mini options arbitrage and the options-spot arbitrage. The results of the empirical analysis are summarized as follows. First, in the price discovery between the regular options and the mini options, regular options dominate mini options at a statistically significant level. Second, mini options tend to lead the spot, which is stronger than the regular options. Therefore, the regular options and the mini options show asymmetrical behavior in the price discovery process of the spot, opposite to each other and are interpreted as alternative derivatives in terms of investment strategy. Considering the immaturity of mini options market established during the sample period, the price discovery is efficient even though the trading activity in the mini options is lower than that of the regular options.

This study explores the Granger causal relationship between return and volume in the KOSPI200 spot and option markets for the period from December 13. 2002 to December 9. 2004. using minute-by-minute data. Specifically, we examine the lead-lag relationship among OPtion volume, option return, cash volume, and cash return to determine whether option volume and return impact cash return.

Our results show that option volume has no direct impact on cash return as cash return unilaterally leads option volume‘ While option volume impacts cash volume. cash return unilaterally leads cash volume. implying no indirect impact of option volume on cash return.

However, there is evidence that option return impacts cash return directly, given a bilateral causality between option return and casll return. Option return also impacts cash volume, but again cash volume has no impact on cash return. meaning no indirect impact of option return on cash return. Our findings were generally robust across days of the week and different maturities. Finally, we analyzed lead-lag relationship within the option market. and found a bilateral causality between option volume and option return. This implies that option volume may impact cash return indirectly via option return.

Volatility has become a traded commodity, and the value of extricating the implied volatility for a given underlying asset’s market value from observed option premia has long been recognized. This contribution offers a least-squared error approach based on Standardized Options that offers the potential to overcome the well-known problem of “smiles and frowns.”

Recently, there has been much progress in developing Markov switching stochastic volatility (MSSV) models for financial time series. Several studies consider various MSSV specifications and document superior forecasting power for volatility compared to the popular generalized autoregressive heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models. However, their application to option pricing remains limited, partially due to the lack of convenient closed-form option pricing formulas which integrate MSSV volatility estimates. We develop such a closed-form option pricing formula and the corresponding hedging strategy for a broad class of MSSV models. We then present an example of application to two of the most popular MSSV models: Markov switching multifractal (MSM) and component-driven regime switching (CDRS) models. Our results establish that these models perform well in one-day-ahead forecasts of option prices.

The literature on executive options has burgeoned over the past decade. While early literature tended to expound the benefits associated with the adoption of options plans, more recent literature has taken on a more cautionary tone. Recent empirical research has suggested a range of conditions under which the adoption of options plans might result in unanticipated outcomes. This paper adds to the literature by discussing options holding concentration, which we define as the proportion of options outstanding under a firm's executive options plan held by a firm's board and the top five non-board executives. We examine previous empirical literature on executive options plans and some of the incentive problems associated with the implementation of such plans, which have been reported in the literature. On the basis of these discussions, we discuss why it might plausibly be expected that options holding concentration could represent a variable with the power to explain the degree to which incentive problems are encountered by organisations, which employ executive options schemes. We report observed options holding concentration for a sample of Australian listed corporations between 1997 and 2002, but demonstrate that while significantly inversely associated with firm size, holdings concentration does not appear to be associated with factors which point towards organisational risk taking and cash payment policy choices. We discuss possible reasons for our findings and suggest potential future research extensions flowing from our work.

Perhaps the most difficult objection raised by skeptics of the real options approach concerns the apparent lack of market transactions that would verify that real options have actual value. Although there are no organized exchanges with publicly disclosed prices, there are nevertheless several mechanisms for buying and selling real options. Observing these could offer important advantages in the quest for enhancing the role of real options in financial decision making:•demonstrate that real options can indeed add value•in some cases even gain a sense of the amount of value added by real options•offer expert appraisers methods for improved estimation of the value of a business when real options are part of the organizational capital

The most frequently used method for buying or selling real options occurs when a product that includes real options is sold to customers (often at a premium above the price of a comparable product that does not include real options). Real options that are part of the organizational capital of a business are part of the package in an acquisition (or minority equity position). In this chapter we examine several cases of such transactions.

We propose a novel method of forecasting equity option spreads using the degree of multiple listing as a proxy for expectations of future spreads. Spreads are a transactions fee for traders. To determine the future spreads on options being considered for purchase, traders must take current market trends affecting spreads into account. One such trend is the continued decline in spreads due to the multiple listing of options. Options listed on 4–6 exchanges compete more intensely than those listed on fewer exchanges, so that they may be expected to experience greater future declines in spreads. This study identifies the listing dates and number of listed exchanges for options listed on up to six exchanges as of May 2005. Listing criteria for multiple listing are defined with short- and long-term volumes, market capitalization, net income, and total assets being significant determinants of multiple listing. Short- and long-term volumes were found to have no explanatory power for multiple listing. Ranges of listing criteria are specified so that traders may locate the options of their choice.