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1 – 10 of 91Łukasz Kurowski and Paweł Smaga
Financial stability has become a focal point for central banks since the global financial crisis. However, the optimal mix between monetary and financial stability policies…
Abstract
Purpose
Financial stability has become a focal point for central banks since the global financial crisis. However, the optimal mix between monetary and financial stability policies remains unclear. In this study, the “soft” approach to such policy mix was tested – how often monetary policy (in inflation reports) analyses financial stability issues. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned objective.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 648 inflation reports published by 11 central banks from post-communist countries in 1998-2019 were reviewed using a text-mining method.
Findings
Results show that financial stability topics (mainly cyclical aspects of systemic risk) on average account for only 2%of inflation reports’ content. Although this share has grown somewhat since the global financial crisis (in CZ, HU and PL), it still remains at a low level. Thus, not enough evidence was found on the use of a “soft” policy mix in post-communist countries.
Practical implications
Given the strong interactions between price and financial stability, this paper emphasizes the need to increase the attention of monetary policymakers to financial stability issues.
Originality/value
The study combines two research areas, i.e. monetary policy and modern text mining techniques on a sample of post-communist countries, something which to the best of the authors’ knowledge has not been sufficiently explored in the literature before.
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Considering the relationship between the central bank balance sheet and unconventional monetary policy after the 2008 financial crisis, it is crucial to see how the unconventional…
Abstract
Purpose
Considering the relationship between the central bank balance sheet and unconventional monetary policy after the 2008 financial crisis, it is crucial to see how the unconventional monetary policy, given near-zero interest rates, affects future stock market performance. This paper analyzes the impact of the Fed's balance sheet size on stock market performance.
Design/methodology/approach
To analyze the Fed's balance sheet size's long-term stock market implications, this paper uses the asset pricing framework of market return predictability such as Ordinary least squares (OLS) and Generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis.
Findings
Findings in this paper suggest that the Fed's balance sheet size, deflated by asset market wealth, presents evidence of return predictability during 1926–2015 that is robust against standard controls. These results can be explained through the redistribution of risk and the wealth channels of monetary policy transmission. The changing balance sheet size of a central bank (1) affects systemic risk, yields and expectations and (2) signals the future direction of monetary policy and thus economic outlook.
Research limitations/implications
The main implication of these findings is that policymakers should avoid a severe imbalance between a central bank's balance sheet size and assets market wealth.
Originality/value
The empirical evidence in this paper documents a century-old relation between the Fed's balance sheet size and US stock market return using the Fed's balance sheet data for the last 100 years and stock market returns from the Center for research in security prices (CRSP) database.
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Gabriel Caldas Montes and Raime Rolando Rodríguez Díaz
Business confidence is crucial to firm decisions, but it is deeply related to professional forecasters' expectations. Since Brazil is an important inflation targeting country…
Abstract
Purpose
Business confidence is crucial to firm decisions, but it is deeply related to professional forecasters' expectations. Since Brazil is an important inflation targeting country, this paper investigates whether monetary policy credibility and disagreements in inflation and interest rate expectations relate to business confidence in Brazil. The study considers the aggregate business confidence index and the business confidence indexes for 11 industrial sectors in Brazil.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors run ordinary least squares and generalized method of moments regressions to assess the direct effects of disagreements in expectation and monetary policy credibility on business confidence. The authors also make use of Wald test of parameter equality to observe whether there are “offsetting effects” of monetary credibility in mitigating the effects of both disagreements in expectations on business confidence. Besides, the authors run quantile regressions to analyze the effect of the main explanatory variables of interest on business confidence in contexts where business confidence is low (pessimistic) or high (optimistic).
Findings
Disagreements in inflation expectations reduce business confidence, monetary policy credibility improves business confidence and credibility mitigates the adverse effects of disagreements in expectations on business confidence. The sectors most sensitive to monetary policy credibility are Rubber, Motor Vehicles, Metallurgy, Metal Products and Cellulose. The findings also suggest the effect of disagreement in inflation expectations on business confidence decreases as confidence increases, and the effect of monetary policy credibility on business confidence increases as entrepreneurs are more optimistic.
Originality/value
While there is evidence that monetary policy credibility is beneficial to the economy, there are no studies on the effects of disagreements in inflation and interest rate expectations on business confidence (at the aggregate and sectoral levels). Besides, there are no studies that have investigated whether monetary policy credibility can mitigate the effects of disagreements in inflation and interest rate expectations on business confidence (at the aggregate and sectoral levels). Therefore, there are gaps to be filled in the literature addressing business confidence, monetary policy credibility and disagreements in expectations. These issues are particularly important to inflation targeting developing countries.
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In recent years, with the gradual differentiation of economic and financial cycles, it has been increasingly difficult for monetary policies to remain balanced in stabilizing both…
Abstract
Purpose
In recent years, with the gradual differentiation of economic and financial cycles, it has been increasingly difficult for monetary policies to remain balanced in stabilizing both economy and finance. Taking the period of 1999–2017 as a sample, the purpose of this paper is to find whether the synergy between the growth cycle and the price cycle is constantly improving in the economic cycle is more appropriate.
Design/methodology/approach
The key to stabilizing the economic cycle lies in the monetary policy and it should abandon the goal of boosting growth in a timely manner and turn into the goal of maintaining steady growth. At present, quantitative monetary policy is still more effective than price-oriented monetary policy in smoothing the economic cycle.
Findings
The impact of quantitative regulation on the financial cycle is more neutral, whereas price regulation will increase the volatility of price and financial cycles in the course of smoothing the growth cycle. In view of the continuous differentiation between the economic and financial cycles, it is realistic and reasonable to accelerate the establishment of a sound dual-pillar regulatory framework of “monetary policy and macro-prudential policy.”
Originality/value
The macro-prudential policy is specially used to smooth the financial cycle, so as to reduce the burden and increase the efficiency of the monetary policy on regulating economic cycle. Moreover, the transformation of monetary policy to price-oriented regulation must keep pace with the construction of the dual-pillar regulation framework and complement each other to prevent undesirable consequences in the financial sector. On the other hand, monetary policy still needs to rely on quantitative regulation in the future. The research in this paper also provides a new perspective for understanding the internal and external reform of China’s monetary policy in recent years.
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This paper aims to investigate the impact of uncertainty on the predictive power of term spread and its components for future stock market returns and economic activity in Korea…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of uncertainty on the predictive power of term spread and its components for future stock market returns and economic activity in Korea and the USA. This paper finds that the stock market’s expected excess return and growth of economic activity are positively related to the risk-neutral expectation, one of the term spread’s components, particularly during high uncertainty periods. These findings are consistent with the importance of the monetary policy by the central bank in a high uncertainty environment created by unexpected shocks. The results are robust to alternate definitions of high uncertainty periods.
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This study aims to analyze the contagious effects of economic policy uncertainties in the USA on the economies of its important trading partners, such as Japan, Canada, Mexico and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyze the contagious effects of economic policy uncertainties in the USA on the economies of its important trading partners, such as Japan, Canada, Mexico and the Eurozone.
Design/methodology/approach
In the study using the uncertainty index created by Baker et al. (2016), the interaction between variables was analyzed with structural VAR (SVAR) models.
Findings
According to the results obtained from the analysis, economic policy uncertainties in the USA had significant effects on the economies of its high-volume trading partners. The internal debt crisis experienced in the Eurozone after the 2008 crisis caused the European Central Bank to respond to the economic policy uncertainties in the USA with contractionary monetary policies, unlike other countries. In addition to these results, Mexico, which has a more fragile economic structure than other countries in the analysis, was more impacted by increasing uncertainties, as expected.
Originality/value
The present study aimed to bring a new perspective to the literature by evaluating the contagiousness of local uncertainty in the globalizing world and the monetary policies implemented as a precaution against this situation on an empirical plane.
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The present research aims to examine a range of momentum trading strategies for the tourism and hospitality sector.
Abstract
Purpose
The present research aims to examine a range of momentum trading strategies for the tourism and hospitality sector.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper followed the methodology of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) to construct the portfolios. In this methodology, all portfolios were formed and evaluated by their cumulative stock returns over the past J periods and holding the position for the next K periods. In total, nine formation and holding periods were used, represented by 3, 6 and 12. For example, strategy 3–3 (that is, strategy with J = 3 and K = 3) refers to the strategy that stocks are ranked based on their previous three months and then held for the next three months.
Findings
The findings demonstrated that none of these momentum investing strategies was profitable. Most of the results, however, show positive, but insignificant momentum returns. This finding can be interpreted as price reversal over a horizon of three to twelve months in the US hospitality and tourism sector. These results are robust to size, different formation and holding combinations, beta and turnover.
Research limitations/implications
Regarding the research limitations, this paper only considers the US tourism and hospitality sector. Therefore, the extension of results to other developed and developing markets should be taken carefully. Also, this paper relies only on the methodology of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). Other methodologies could be suitable avenues for future research.
Practical implications
Investors and portfolio managers who seek for earning abnormal returns by investing in the US HT stocks can attain their hopes by constructing portfolios based on existing guidelines in the literature and adopting a short-term reversal trading strategy or by buying past losers and selling past winners of the US tourism and hospitality stocks.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the hospitality finance literature by offering the investors who are interested in the US hospitality and tourism sector an uncomplicated trading rule that uses real return data and is expected to generate actual returns. Moreover, the momentum strategy of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) is never used in the hospitality finance literature.
研究目的
本研究旨在探討各種可應用於旅遊及酒店業的動量交易策略。
研究設計/方法/理念
本文按照 Jegadeesh 和 Titman(1993)的研究方法來建造投資組合。使用這研究方法時,所有投資組合均以它們在過去J 時期的累積股票收益和在未來K 時期的持倉來建立及評價的。九個組成方式及持有期被使用,以3、6、12來表示。例如,策略3-3(那就是說,該策略以J = 3和 K = 3)指的策略是以有關的股票基於過去三個月而被分等級,繼而在未來三個月被持有。
研究結果
研究結果顯示,這些投資策略全沒帶來利潤;唯大部分結果顯示正動能策略報酬,雖報酬是微不足道的。這研究結果或許可理解為在美國酒店及旅遊業為期三至十二個月的價格逆轉。這些結果就規模、不同組成方式和持有組合、beta 和成交量而言是強而有力的。
研究的局限/意義
就研究的局限而言,本文只是考慮美國的酒店及旅遊業;因此,如把研究結果伸延至其它已開發或發展中的市場,則需小心處理。另外,本文只依賴 Jegadeesh 和 Titman(1993)的研究方法,就此,使用其它研究方法會是日後相關研究的適當途徑。
實際的意義
欲透過投資於美國酒店及旅遊股票而尋求賺取異常收益的投資者和投資組合經理可如願以償,方法是基於文獻內現存的準則建造投資組合,以及採用短期的逆轉交易策略,或買入美國酒店及旅遊業過去輸家及賣出過去贏家。
研究的原創性/價值
本研究為酒店金融文獻作出貢獻,因研究為對美國酒店及旅遊業有興趣的投資者提供了使用實際收益數據及預期可創造實際回報的簡單交易規則;而且, Jegadeesh 和 Titman(1993)的動量策略從未在酒店金融文獻內被使用過。
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In this paper, the author examines the role of uncertainty due to pandemic on the predictability of sectoral stock returns in South Africa. This is motivated by the ongoing global…
Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, the author examines the role of uncertainty due to pandemic on the predictability of sectoral stock returns in South Africa. This is motivated by the ongoing global pandemic, COVID-19, in predicting sector stock returns.
Design/methodology/approach
The study considers estimation of dynamic panel data with dynamic common correlated effects estimator and two pair-wise forecast measures, namely Campbell and Thompson (2008) and Clark and West (2007) tests in dealing with the nested predictive models.
Findings
The results show that pandemic uncertainty has a negative and statistically significant effect on the different sector returns, implying that sector stock returns decline as the pandemic outbreak becomes more pronounced. While the single predictor model consistently outperforms the historical average model both for in-sample and out-of-sample, controlling for other macroeconomic variables effect improves the forecast accuracy of infectious diseases uncertainty. These results are consistently robust to both the in-sample and out-of-sample forecast periods, outliers and heterogeneity. These results have implications for portfolio diversification strategies, which we set aside for future research.
Originality/value
The empirical literature is satiated with studies on how news can predict economic and financial variables, however, the role of uncertainty due to infectious diseases in the stock return predictability especially at the sectoral level is less understudied, this is the main contribution of the study.
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Might the impact of the global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) and the long-term bond yields on oil prices be asymmetric? This paper aims to consider the effects of the GEPU…
Abstract
Purpose
Might the impact of the global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) and the long-term bond yields on oil prices be asymmetric? This paper aims to consider the effects of the GEPU and the US long-term government bond yields on oil prices using quantile-based analysis and nonlinear vector autoregression (VAR) model. The author hypothesized whether the negative and positive changes in the GEPU and the long-term bond yields of the USA have different effects on oil prices.
Design/methodology/approach
To address this question, the author uses quantile cointegration model and the impulse response functions (IRFs) of the censored variable approach of Kilian and Vigfusson (2011).
Findings
The quantile cointegration test showed the existence of non-linear cointegration relationship, whereas Granger-causality analysis revealed that positive/negative variations in GEPU will have opposite effects on oil prices. This result was supported by the quantile regression model’s coefficients and nonlinear VAR model’s IRFs; more specifically, it was stressed that increasing/decreasing GEPU will deaccelerate/accelerate global economic activity and thus lead to a fall/rise in oil prices. On the other hand, the empirical models indicated that the impact of US 10-year government bond yields on oil prices is asymmetrical, while it was found that deterioration in the borrowing conditions in the USA may have an impact on oil prices by slowing down the global economic activity.
Originality/value
As a robustness check of the quantile-based analysis results, the slope-based Mork test is used.
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Ignacio Manuel Luque Raya and Pablo Luque Raya
Having defined liquidity, the aim is to assess the predictive capacity of its representative variables, so that economic fluctuations may be better understood.
Abstract
Purpose
Having defined liquidity, the aim is to assess the predictive capacity of its representative variables, so that economic fluctuations may be better understood.
Design/methodology/approach
Conceptual variables that are representative of liquidity will be used to formulate the predictions. The results of various machine learning models will be compared, leading to some reflections on the predictive value of the liquidity variables, with a view to defining their selection.
Findings
The predictive capacity of the model was also found to vary depending on the source of the liquidity, in so far as the data on liquidity within the private sector contributed more than the data on public sector liquidity to the prediction of economic fluctuations. International liquidity was seen as a more diffuse concept, and the standardization of its definition could be the focus of future studies. A benchmarking process was also performed when applying the state-of-the-art machine learning models.
Originality/value
Better understanding of these variables might help us toward a deeper understanding of the operation of financial markets. Liquidity, one of the key financial market variables, is neither well-defined nor standardized in the existing literature, which calls for further study. Hence, the novelty of an applied study employing modern data science techniques can provide a fresh perspective on financial markets.
流動資金,無論是在金融市場方面,抑或是在實體經濟方面,均為市場趨勢最明確的預報因素之一
因此,就了解經濟週期和經濟發展而言,流動資金是一個極其重要的概念。本研究擬在安全資產的價格預測方面取得進步。安全資產代表了經濟的實際情況,特別是美國的十年期國債。
研究目的
流動資金的定義上面已說明了; 為進一步了解經濟波動,本研究擬對流動資金代表性變量的預測能力進行評估。
研究方法
研究使用作為流動資金代表的概念變項去規劃預測。各機器學習模型的結果會作比較,這會帶來對流動資金變量的預測值的深思,而深思的目的是確定其選擇。
研究結果
只要在私營部門內流動資金的數據比公營部門的流動資金數據、在預測經濟波動方面貢獻更大時,我們發現、模型的預測能力也會依賴流動資金的來源而存在差異。國際流動資金被視為一個晦澀的概念,而它的定義的標準化,或許應是未來學術研究的焦點。當應用最先進的機器學習模型時,標桿分析法的步驟也施行了。
研究的原創性
若我們對有關的變量加深認識,我們就可更深入地理解金融市場的運作。流動資金,雖是金融市場中一個極其重要的變量,但在現存的學術文獻裏,不但沒有明確的定義,而且也沒有被標準化; 就此而言,未來的研究或許可在這方面作進一步的探討。因此,本研究為富有新穎思維的應用研究,研究使用了現代數據科學技術,這可為探討金融市場提供一個全新的視角。
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