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Abstract

Details

The Philosophy of Transhumanism
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-625-2

Book part
Publication date: 29 September 2023

Torben Juul Andersen

This chapter first analyzes how the data-cleaning process affects the share of missing values in the extracted European and North American datasets. It then moves on to examine…

Abstract

This chapter first analyzes how the data-cleaning process affects the share of missing values in the extracted European and North American datasets. It then moves on to examine how three different approaches to treat the issue of missing values, Complete Case, Multiple Imputation Chained Equations (MICE), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) imputations affect the number of firms and their average lifespan in the datasets compared to the original sample and assessed across different SIC industry divisions. This is extended to consider implied effects on the distribution of a key performance indicator, return on assets (ROA), calculating skewness and kurtosis measures for each of the treatment methods and across industry contexts. This consistently shows highly negatively skewed distributions with high positive excess kurtosis across all the industries where the KNN imputation treatment creates results with distribution characteristics that are closest to the original untreated data. We further analyze the persistency of the (extreme) left-skewed tails measured in terms of the share of outliers and extreme outliers, which shows consistent and rather high percentages of outliers around 15% of the full sample and extreme outliers around 7.5% indicating pervasive skewness in the data. Of the three alternative approaches to deal with missing values, the KNN imputation treatment is found to be the method that generates final datasets that most closely resemble the original data even though the Complete Case approach remains the norm in mainstream studies. One consequence of this is that most empirical studies are likely to underestimate the prevalence of extreme negative performance outcomes.

Details

A Study of Risky Business Outcomes: Adapting to Strategic Disruption
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83797-074-2

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 11 April 2023

Tatiana Marques, Inês Carneiro e Sousa and Sara Ramos

The aging of the population is changing the composition of the workforce in most developed countries. With increasingly older and age-diverse workforces, organizations need to…

1300

Abstract

Purpose

The aging of the population is changing the composition of the workforce in most developed countries. With increasingly older and age-diverse workforces, organizations need to redesign jobs to keep their workers healthy, happy and productive across the lifespan. In the current research, the authors integrate socioemotional selectivity theory and selection, optimization and compensation theory with job design to investigate how certain job characteristics influence the work engagement of older and younger workers.

Design/methodology/approach

In a two-wave survey with age-diverse employees from multiple organizations (N = 372), the authors explore how autonomy and feedback contribute to the engagement of older and younger workers, depending on levels of task variety.

Findings

In the case of older workers the relationships between autonomy and engagement, and feedback and engagement are positive when task variety is low but non-significant when task variety is high. Conversely, in the case of younger workers the relationships between autonomy and engagement, and feedback and engagement are positive when task variety is high but non-significant when task variety is low.

Research limitations/implications

The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on aging and work, particularly the lifespan perspective on job design. Nonetheless, the correlational design warrants caution about drawing causal inferences.

Practical implications

The findings inform managers on how to combine autonomy, feedback and task variety to design jobs that can engage the multi-age workforce.

Originality/value

The research is among the first to investigate the combined effects of different job characteristics on age-diverse employees' engagement at work.

Details

Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 38 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-3946

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 July 2011

Andrew Merwood and Philip Asherson

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that is highly prevalent in children and frequently persists into adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to…

Abstract

Purpose

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that is highly prevalent in children and frequently persists into adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to consider the need for practitioners to be aware of the disorder.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews quantitative genetic findings in ADHD, primarily focussing on twin studies that describe the role of genetic influences throughout the lifespan and the associated overlap between ADHD and other syndromes, disorders and traits.

Findings

This paper concludes that ADHD is a lifespan condition that shares genetic risk factors with other psychiatric, neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disabilities.

Originality/value

This paper makes the case that clinicians working in the area of intellectual disability should be fully aware of the potential impact of ADHD and its associated impairments.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 5 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1282

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 May 2009

Helen C. Barrett and Nathan Garrett

The purpose of this article is to outline a vision for digital stories of development, or online personal learning environments, which may eventually replace what we currently

2126

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to outline a vision for digital stories of development, or online personal learning environments, which may eventually replace what we currently call “electronic portfolios” in education.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual article that provides a lifelong, life‐wide perspective on electronic portfolios based on the authors' research, focusing on some of the issues that need to be addressed to make this vision a reality.

Findings

Based on the concept of “lifetime personal web space,” this online archive of a life's collection of reflections, memories, digital artefacts and memorabilia, both personal and professional, has the potential to change the current paradigm of electronic portfolios, mostly institution‐bound, and focus instead on the individual or the family as the center for creating a digital archive, which can be used in a variety of contexts across the lifespan, from schools to universities to the workplace. Finally, this archive can be used to develop personal histories and reflective narratives to preserve our stories for future generations. A possible scenario is followed by the challenges faced when developing this service for widespread dissemination. This is not a formal research paper with analysis, discussion or results. The paper is meant to provide a vision or future direction for electronic portfolios that could be stored in the internet “cloud” for a lifetime and beyond.

Practical implications

This paper encourages individuals as well as institutions to explore new ways to construct electronic portfolios in the Internet “cloud” so that the owner of the portfolio has access across their lifespan. This paper could also be used by Web 2.0 developers to improve the development of tools, making them more useable and accessible across the lifespan, from early readers to the elderly.

Originality/value

This paper provides a future vision of the potential for cloud computing to be used as a lifetime store of memories and digital memorabilia, as well as a broader vision of the electronic portfolio process across the lifespan.

Details

On the Horizon, vol. 17 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1074-8121

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 May 2014

Claire E. Greaves, Hannes Zacher, Bernard McKenna and David Rooney

Although leadership and organizational scholars have suggested that the virtue of wisdom may promote outstanding leadership behavior, this proposition has rarely been empirically…

3054

Abstract

Purpose

Although leadership and organizational scholars have suggested that the virtue of wisdom may promote outstanding leadership behavior, this proposition has rarely been empirically tested. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between transformational leadership, narcissism, and five dimensions of wisdom as conceptualized by the well-established Berlin wisdom paradigm. General mental ability and emotional intelligence were considered relevant control variables.

Design/methodology/approach

Interview, test, and questionnaire data were obtained from 77 employees of a high school and from two or three colleagues of each employee. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses.

Findings

After controlling for general mental ability and emotional intelligence, narcissism and the wisdom dimension relativism of values and life priorities were negatively related to transformational leadership, and the wisdom dimension recognition and management of uncertainty was positively related to transformational leadership. The other three wisdom dimensions, rich factual knowledge about life, rich procedural knowledge about life, and lifespan contextualism, were not significantly related to transformational leadership.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations to be addressed in future studies include the cross-sectional design and the relatively small and specialized sample.

Practical implications

Tentative implications for leadership training and development are outlined.

Originality/value

This multi-method and multi-source study represents the first empirical investigation that examines links between well-established wisdom and leadership constructs in the work context.

Details

Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 35 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7739

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 February 2011

Johan Conijn and Frans Schilder

This paper aims to present a model that analyses the value gap, the difference between vacant possession value and tenanted investment value, for the houses of Dutch housing…

1161

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present a model that analyses the value gap, the difference between vacant possession value and tenanted investment value, for the houses of Dutch housing associations. The paper also aims to explore why the value gap is a structural phenomenon in The Netherlands and why it is an important factor contributing to the malfunctioning of the housing market. This gives an interesting expansion of the value gap theory.

Design/methodology/approach

By using the well‐known concept of user costs and using market equilibrium as a reference, the model quantifies the influence of six factors that cause the value gap. This is done for The Netherlands in total and for each of the 452 housing associations separately.

Findings

The value gap between the owner‐occupied and the rental sector is immense. This is especially the case with the rented houses owned by the housing associations, constituting one‐third of the total housing stock. The vacant possession value of these houses is on average €151,000; the reported tenanted investment value is no more than €33,000. Important factors that are responsible for this gap are, on the one hand, the fiscal subsidies in the owner‐occupied sector and, on the other hand, rent control and the policy of the housing associations characterised by a low rent level and high maintenance and management costs.

Originality/value

This is the first paper that analyses and quantifies the factors contributing to the value lost by Dutch housing associations' operations.

Details

Property Management, vol. 29 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-7472

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 July 2019

Tomislav Hernaus, Matija Maric and Matej Černe

Integrating the lifespan perspectives on job design and creativity/innovation, the purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of chronological age in the relationship…

1379

Abstract

Purpose

Integrating the lifespan perspectives on job design and creativity/innovation, the purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of chronological age in the relationship between cognitive job demands (i.e. job complexity and job innovation requirements) and individual innovative work behavior (IWB).

Design/methodology/approach

Multilevel regression analyses are employed to analyze survey data of 336 employee–supervisor dyads from 61 departments across three organizations.

Findings

Results demonstrate that age was a significant moderator of the cognitive job demands-IWB relationship. Under the condition of high job complexity, younger employees outperformed their older counterparts. Conversely, older employees attained the same level of IWB as younger colleagues when more job innovation requirements were placed upon them.

Practical implications

IWB needs to be stimulated following different paths and by making job design decisions with regards to cognitive job demands that are dependent on employee age.

Originality/value

Empirical evidence has been provided to support the lifespan perspective on job design, with a special focus given to the cognitive job demands–IWB relationship.

Details

Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 34 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-3946

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 October 2021

Thibault Mirabel

Various theories predict that firm buyouts survive longer than newly created firms. The study aims to know whether it is the case for worker-owned firms (WOFs), i.e. firms owned…

Abstract

Purpose

Various theories predict that firm buyouts survive longer than newly created firms. The study aims to know whether it is the case for worker-owned firms (WOFs), i.e. firms owned and controlled mostly by their workers.

Design/methodology/approach

The author conducted a comparative survival analysis of French WOFs distinguished by their entry mode (i.e. newly created, worker buyouts (WBOs) of sound conventional firms, WBOs of conventional firms in difficulty or WBOs of non-profit organizations).

Findings

The hazard of exit is 32% lower for WBOs of sound conventional firms than newly created WOFs, 18% for WBOs of conventional firms in difficulty and 64% for WBOs of non-profit organizations. The current study confirms that WBOs, even of conventional firms in difficulty, have on average a survival advantage over newly created WOFs. Surprisingly, the author also shows that this survival advantage is similar across sectors with different knowledge intensity but is lower in high capital-intensive sectors than in low capital-intensive ones.

Research limitations/implications

Endogeneity issues limit the scope of the results and should be tackled in future research. Overall, these findings show that WOFs are composed of groups with different survival likelihoods that are obscured if one only looks at the aggregate population.

Practical implications

With caution, support agencies could foster WBOs of firms in difficulty and of non-profit organizations as viable forms of entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

The current study offers the first survival analysis distinguishing four modes of entry among WOFs.

Details

Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, vol. 4 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-7641

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 25 May 2021

Maarit Aakko and Kirsi Niinimäki

Extending the active lifetimes of garments by producing better quality is a widely discussed strategy for reducing environmental impacts of the garment industry. While quality is…

11942

Abstract

Purpose

Extending the active lifetimes of garments by producing better quality is a widely discussed strategy for reducing environmental impacts of the garment industry. While quality is an important aspect of clothing, the concept of quality is ambiguous, and, moreover, consumers may perceive quality in individual ways. Therefore, it is important to deepen the general understanding regarding the quality of clothing.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents an integrated literature review of the recent discussion of perceived quality of clothing and of the links between quality and clothing lifetimes; 47 selected articles and other literature obtained primarily through fashion/clothing/apparel journals were included in this review.

Findings

The main ideas from the articles are thematized into the following sections: the process of assessment, levels involved in assessment, multidimensional cues of assessment, and quality and clothing use times. The paper highlights that perceiving quality is a process guided by both expectations and experience, and assembles the various aspects into a conceptual map that depicts the connections between the conceptual levels involved in assessing quality. It also illustrates connections between quality and clothing use times.

Research limitations/implications

This paper focused on perceived quality on a conceptual level. Further studies could examine and establish deeper links between quality, sustainability and garment lifespans.

Originality/value

The study draws together studies on perceived quality, presenting the foundational literature and key concepts of quality of clothing. It summarizes them in a conceptual map that may help visualize various aspects affecting the assessment of quality and deepen the general understanding of the quality of garments.

Details

Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1361-2026

Keywords

21 – 30 of over 4000