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1 – 10 of over 9000Shahryar Zaroki, Arman Yousefi Barfurushi and Mastaneh Yadollahi Otaghsara
The present study investigates the role of fiscal illusion on income inequality in 46 selected countries in terms of income and development levels from 2002 to 2017.
Abstract
Purpose
The present study investigates the role of fiscal illusion on income inequality in 46 selected countries in terms of income and development levels from 2002 to 2017.
Design/methodology/approach
The effect of fiscal illusion on income inequality is tested using the two-step system generalized method of moment (SYS-GMM) estimator.
Findings
The findings reveal the negative effect of fiscal illusion on income inequality, which means increasing fiscal illusion decreases income inequality in 46 selected countries. As in other countries, income inequality declines when fiscal illusion increases in high-income and developed countries, although the redistributive effect of fiscal illusion is more in high-income and developed countries than in other countries. In addition, the results demonstrate the positive effect of unemployment, urbanization and inflation as well as the negative effect of trade openness on income inequality in all three models.
Originality/value
Previous studies have examined the role of government in controlling income inequality from different perspectives; however, no study has detected the role of government in income distribution regarding fiscal illusion.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-05-2022-0311.
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Wenda Wei, Chengxia Liu and Jianing Wang
Nowadays, most methods of illusion garment evaluation are based on the subjective evaluation of experienced practitioners, which consumes time and the results are too subjective…
Abstract
Purpose
Nowadays, most methods of illusion garment evaluation are based on the subjective evaluation of experienced practitioners, which consumes time and the results are too subjective to be accurate enough. It is necessary to explore a method that can quantify professional experience into objective indicators to evaluate the sensory comfort of the optical illusion skirt quickly and accurately. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to objectively evaluate the sensory comfort of optical illusion skirt patterns by combining texture feature extraction and prediction model construction.
Design/methodology/approach
Firstly, 10 optical illusion sample skirts are produced, and 10 experimental images are collected for each sample skirt. Then a Likert five-level evaluation scale is designed to obtain the sensory comfort level of each skirt through the questionnaire survey. Synchronously, the coarseness, contrast, directionality, line-likeness, regularity and roughness of the sample image are calculated based on Tamura texture feature algorithm, and the mean, contrast and entropy are extracted of the image transformed by Gabor wavelet. Both are set as objective parameters. Two final indicators T1 and T2 are refined from the objective parameters previously obtained to construct the predictive model of the subjective comfort of the visual illusion skirt. The linear regression model and the MLP neural network model are constructed.
Findings
Results show that the accuracy of the linear regression model is 92%, and prediction accuracy of the MLP neural network model is 97.9%. It is feasible to use Tamura texture features, Gabor wavelet transform and MLP neural network methods to objectively predict the sensory comfort of visual illusion skirt images.
Originality/value
Compared with the existing uncertain and non-reproducible subjective evaluation of optical illusion clothing based on experienced experts. The main advantage of the authors' method is that this method can objectively obtain evaluation parameters, quickly and accurately obtain evaluation grades without repeated evaluation by experienced experts. It is a method of objectively quantifying the experience of experts.
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Ziqi Shang, Jun Pang and Xiaomei Liu
The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of temporal landmarks on positive illusions and the downstream implications of this effect on consumer preference for new…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of temporal landmarks on positive illusions and the downstream implications of this effect on consumer preference for new products with functional risks.
Design/methodology/approach
Study 1 adopted a single factor (temporal landmarks: beginning vs ending) between-subjects design. Study 2 adopted a 2 (temporal landmarks: beginning vs. ending) × 2 (salience of the temporal landmark: salient vs not salient) between-subjects design. Study 3 used a single factor (temporal landmarks: beginning vs ending) between-subjects design.
Findings
Through three studies, we show that the ending temporal landmarks reduce positive illusions (Studies 1 and 2). The underlying process is enhanced perceptions of psychological resource depletion (Study 3). The authors further show that decreased positive illusions lead consumers to less prefer new products with functional risks (Study 3).
Originality/value
Existing studies on temporal landmarks have exclusively focused on the beginning landmarks and account for its effects from a motive perspective. In contrast, the authors take a look at the ending landmarks and identify perceptions of psychological resource depletion as the underlying process, which suggests a new angel understand how temporal landmarks influence individuals' cognitions and behavior.
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Katarina Labajova, Julia Höhler, Carl-Johan Lagerkvist, Jörg Müller and Jens Rommel
People’s tendency to overestimate their ability to control random events, known as illusion of control, can affect financial decisions under uncertainty. This study developed an…
Abstract
Purpose
People’s tendency to overestimate their ability to control random events, known as illusion of control, can affect financial decisions under uncertainty. This study developed an artifactual field experiment on illusion of control for a farm machinery investment.
Design/methodology/approach
In an experiment with two treatments, the individual farmer was either given or not given a sense of control over a random outcome. After each decision, the authors elicited perceived control, and a questionnaire collected additional indirect measures of illusion of control from 78 German farmers and 10 farm advisors.
Findings
The results did not support preregistered hypotheses of the presence of illusion of control. This null result was robust over multiple outcomes and model specifications. The findings demonstrate that cognitive biases may be small and difficult to replicate.
Research limitations/implications
The sample is not representative for the German farming population. The authors discuss why the estimated treatment effect may represent a lower bound of the true effect.
Originality/value
Illusion of control is well-studied in laboratory settings, but little is known about the extent to which farmers’ behavior is influenced by illusion of control.
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The purpose of this paper is to critically assess some of the micro- and macro-economic reasons for using public finance initiative types of public–private partnerships (PPPs) and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically assess some of the micro- and macro-economic reasons for using public finance initiative types of public–private partnerships (PPPs) and how a lack of transparency may result in an “illusion” of making optimal, rational decisions related to them. A series of balances that decision makers need to make in order to choose whether or not to use PPPs are set out, as well as 15 potential “illusions” may affect such decisions.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper synthesizes published evidence and develops a framework for analyzing PPPs.
Findings
A wide range of factors influence the choice of PPPs, including: budget enlargement; efficiency and value for money; certainty of expenditure and delivery; flexibility; financing costs; risk sharing; procurement process and transaction costs; legacy and public assets; and the wider impacts on the local economy. However, reasons why PPPs can provide improved infrastructure and services may not be realised due to in-built incentives, behavioural biases and implementation shortcomings. Necessary support for PPPs includes strong, robust and transparent regulatory and governance systems, the dissemination of good practice to all partners, consideration of alternative funding models and high-quality advice and training.
Research limitations/implications
The paper sets out a number of reasons for using PPPs, and also assesses potential drawbacks and identifies areas where greater research is required. A number of potential “illusions” are identified, whereby decisions may be affected by factors not explicitly or transparently considered, hence giving the decision an “illusion” being rational.
Practical implications
PPPs are significantly influenced by the socio-economic, legal, legislative and financial system they are embedded in. A clear process for approving projects and recognising all the costs and benefits of PPPs is needed, including developing criteria and instruments to measure each phase of a PPP and its overall value added to the economy and society over its lifetime. Full transparency, having suitable support and explicitly taking account of potential “illusions” affecting decisions, could lead to different decisions, including the decision not to progress the project or to use alternative funding and development methods.
Social implications
Decisions on PPPs should be based on a clear and transparent long-term basis which includes the perspectives of the full range of stakeholders to help improve the appropriate operation and social sustainability of a PPP.
Originality/value
The paper sets out some key arguments for and against the use of PPPs in different circumstances, including why non-optimal decisions may be made.
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Noppanon Homsud and Nopadol Rompho
This study aims to determine the effect of cognitive biases, that is, anchoring effect, illusion of control, and endowment effect, on customer satisfaction.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine the effect of cognitive biases, that is, anchoring effect, illusion of control, and endowment effect, on customer satisfaction.
Design/methodology/approach
An experimental design was applied using 524 undergraduate students as participants. A three-way ANOVA was employed for data analysis.
Findings
Positive relationships were found between cognitive biases and customer satisfaction. However, no such relationships were found between the interactions of various types of cognitive bias and customer satisfaction, except the interaction between illusion of control and endowment effect.
Research limitations/implications
This study focuses only on three types of cognitive biases; thus, it cannot be generalized to other such systematic patterns.
Practical implications
Marketers can introduce cognitive bias when implementing marketing campaigns to boost customer satisfaction.
Originality/value
This study expands the knowledge boundary by addressing the impact of the interaction between various aspects of cognitive bias that drive customer satisfaction.
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Yusuf Ayodeji Ajani, Abdulganiy Okanla Ahmed and Rihanat Bukola Muhammed
The main purpose of this paper is to explore implications of the illusion of reality in the gaming world for libraries, aiming to uncover the challenges and opportunities they…
Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to explore implications of the illusion of reality in the gaming world for libraries, aiming to uncover the challenges and opportunities they face in adapting their services to the gaming context.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a comprehensive exploration of the topic, various sources, such as Scopus, Google Scholar and ResearchGate were used. This study draws upon existing literature to analyze the impact of the illusion of reality in gaming on libraries and their offerings.
Findings
The findings emphasize the crucial role of libraries in comprehending the illusion of reality in gaming to remain relevant and effectively meet the evolving needs of patrons. It also emphasize the impact of the illusion of reality on user engagement, information-seeking behaviors, digital literacy challenges and the evolving gaming landscape. The findings highlight opportunities for libraries to leverage the illusion of reality, thereby enhancing user experiences, fostering community engagement, promoting information literacy and creating immersive learning environments.
Originality/value
This paper contributes a unique investigation into the impact of the illusion of reality in gaming on libraries, underscoring its significance. It offers practical recommendations to enhance library services, user experiences and community engagement within the gaming domain. The study provides valuable insights for library professionals, researchers and policymakers seeking to understand and adapt to the changing dynamics of the gaming world.
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Hao Chen and Yufei Yuan
Protection motivation theory (PMT) explains that the intention to cope with information security risks is based on informed threat and coping appraisals. However, people cannot…
Abstract
Purpose
Protection motivation theory (PMT) explains that the intention to cope with information security risks is based on informed threat and coping appraisals. However, people cannot always make appropriate assessments due to possible ignorance and cognitive biases. This study proposes a research model that introduces four antecedent factors from ignorance and bias perspectives into the PMT model and empirically tests this model with data from a survey of electronic waste (e-waste) handling.
Design/methodology/approach
The data collected from 356 Chinese samples are analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM).
Findings
The results revealed that for threat appraisal, optimistic bias leads to a lower perception of risks. However, factual ignorance (lack of knowledge of risks) does not significantly affect the perceived threat. For coping appraisal, practical ignorance (lack of knowledge of coping with risks) leads to low response efficacy and self-efficacy and high perceptions of coping cost, but the illusion of control overestimates response efficacy and self-efficacy.
Originality/value
First, this study addresses a new type of information security problem in e-waste handling. Second, this study extends the PMT model by exploring the roles of ignorance and bias as antecedents. Finally, the authors reinvestigate the basic constructs of PMT to identify how rational threat and coping assessments affect user intentions to cope with data security risks.
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Yishuo Hung, Heh Jason Huang and Mark Gosling
It seems that the only constant of this rapid‐changing world is the “change” itself – whether it is from the organization itself or from its outer environment. From multinational…
Abstract
Purpose
It seems that the only constant of this rapid‐changing world is the “change” itself – whether it is from the organization itself or from its outer environment. From multinational corporation managers to local franchise investors, abilities to cope with changes are definitely essential. The purpose of this paper is to provide no magic but a framework that helps decision makers watch their steps while making strategic plans.
Design/methodology/approach
Working from the perspective of the resource‐based view (RBV) for sustained competitive advantage, the paper looks into the decision‐making process by considering constraints and illusions. The journey of deviation from the ideal goal starts when the decision maker is attracted by a maze of illusions. The paper illustrates the phenomena of escalation of commitment in static and in deterioration‐in‐motion.
Findings
For the recovery from an errant path, awareness is of the essence and a constant awareness of the organization's chances and pitfalls would be the only way to regain competitive advantage.
Originality/value
By bringing together the concept of the RBV of competitive advantages and the phenomena of escalation of commitment, the paper provides a concise framework and illustration that is easy to be reminded of for organization decision makers who are constantly facing challenges in this ever‐changing world.
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