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1 – 10 of 440Vera A. Adamchik, Thomas J. Hyclak and Piotr Sedlak
The study examines the relationship between perceived unfair pay and job satisfaction and how this relationship is contingent on organizational hierarchical rank.
Abstract
Purpose
The study examines the relationship between perceived unfair pay and job satisfaction and how this relationship is contingent on organizational hierarchical rank.
Design/methodology/approach
The proprietary data are from ongoing surveys of individual workers conducted by a major Polish human resource consulting firm. The pooled cross-section dataset is comprised of nearly 330,000 individuals working in the Polish labor market during 2015–2017. Drawing upon various theories, the authors formalize and test three hypotheses. The estimations are performed using the ordered probit method.
Findings
Ceteris paribus, job satisfaction is increasing with organizational hierarchical rank; perceived unfairness of pay is negatively associated with job satisfaction, and organizational hierarchical rank exacerbates this negative relationship by making it stronger for employees holding higher organizational positions.
Originality/value
First, prior research is mainly confined to studying pay satisfaction as a contributing factor to job satisfaction, and perceived fairness of pay was rarely considered. Second, very few studies examine the role of hierarchical level as a moderator in the relationship between organizational justice and workplace outcomes. Third, the authors add to the scarce empirical literature on job satisfaction for post-Communist Central and East European countries as only a limited number of such studies exist for Poland.
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Andrew M. Jones, Nigel Rice and Silvana Robone
Anchoring vignettes have become a popular method to adjust self-assessed data for systematic differences in reporting behaviour to aid comparability, for example, of cross-country…
Abstract
Anchoring vignettes have become a popular method to adjust self-assessed data for systematic differences in reporting behaviour to aid comparability, for example, of cross-country analyses. The method relies on the two fundamental assumptions of response consistency and vignette equivalence. Evidence on the validity of these assumptions is equivocal. This chapter considers the utility of the vignette approach by considering how successful the method is in moving self-assessed reports of health mobility towards objective counterparts. We draw on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and undertake pairwise country comparisons of cumulative distributions of self-reports, their objective counterparts and vignette adjusted reports. Comparison of distributions is based on tests for stochastic dominance. Multiple cross-country comparisons are undertaken to assess the consistency of results across contexts and settings. Both non-parametric and parametric approaches to vignette adjustment are considered. In general, we find the anchoring vignette methodology poorly reconciles self-reported data with objective counterparts.
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The authors examine whether or not applicants and recipients of federal disability insurance (DI) inflate their self-assessed health (SAH) problems relative to others. To do this…
Abstract
The authors examine whether or not applicants and recipients of federal disability insurance (DI) inflate their self-assessed health (SAH) problems relative to others. To do this, the authors employ a technique which uses anchoring vignettes. This approach allows them to examine how various cohorts of the population interpret survey questions associated with subjective self-assessments of health. The results of the analysis suggest that DI participants do inflate the severity of a given health problem, but by a small but significant degree. This tendency to exaggerate the severity of disability problems is much more apparent among those with more education (especially those with a college degree). In contrast, racial minorities tend to underestimate severity ratings for a given disability vignette when compared to their white peers.
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John D. McCluskey and William Terrill
This paper seeks to examine a variety of measures of complaints and their relationship to police officers' use of coercion in encounters with suspects.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper seeks to examine a variety of measures of complaints and their relationship to police officers' use of coercion in encounters with suspects.
Design/methodology/approach
Data from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, involving the systematic social observation of police, were combined with complaint data from the St Petersburg Police Department to examine the influence of complaints on use of coercion in everyday encounters. Hierarchical models, which included theoretically relevant control variables, were used to test multiple measures of departmental and citizen complaints as predictors of officers' use of coercion.
Findings
The analyses indicate that, net of other important predictors, officer complaint rate for force and verbal discourtesy is associated with higher levels of coercion in encounters with suspects. The analyses also indicate that officers' verbal discourtesy complaint rate is associated with higher levels of coercion, but complaint rates for physical force are not related to higher levels of coercion.
Research limitations/implications
The current results do not necessarily generalize to all police departments, since the department, at that time, was a leader in community policing.
Practical implications
The influence of complaints for force and discourtesy on coercion suggests that police departments could benefit from greater attention toward officers who generate complaints for discourtesy from the public.
Originality/value
This paper examines the utility of official complaint data as a determinant of officers' coercive behavior in encounters with suspects. The research would be of interest to police executives concerned with creating “early warning systems” as well as police scholars concerned with the determinants of officer coercion.
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Yang Yang, Graziano Abrate and Chunrong Ai
This chapter provides an overview of the status of applied econometric research in hospitality and tourism management and outlines the econometric toolsets available for…
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the status of applied econometric research in hospitality and tourism management and outlines the econometric toolsets available for quantitative researchers using empirical data from the field. Basic econometric models, cross-sectional models, time-series models, and panel data models are reviewed first, followed by an evaluation of relevant applications. Next, econometric modeling topics that are germane to hospitality and tourism research are discussed, including endogeneity, multi-equation modeling, causal inference modeling, and spatial econometrics. Furthermore, major feasibility issues for applied researchers are examined based on the literature. Lastly, recommendations are offered to promote applied econometric research in hospitality and tourism management.
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Michael J. Peel, Mark M.H. Goode and Luiz A. Moutinho
This paper reviews the use of logit and probit models in marketing and focuses on demonstrating the use of ordered probability models. This type of model is appropriate for many…
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of logit and probit models in marketing and focuses on demonstrating the use of ordered probability models. This type of model is appropriate for many applications in marketing and business where the dependent variable of interest is ordinal (e.g., likert scales). A comparison between the properties of the ordinary least squares (OLS) model and ordered logit and probit models is made using consumer satisfaction data on automobiles. This comparison between the two models shows that the use of OLS for ordered categorical data gives misleading results and produces biased estimates, leading to inaccurate hypothesis testing. The paper concludes that ordered probability models, such as the ones illustrated, should be employed in marketing and business research where the dependent variable is ordinal.
Quan Yuan, Xuecai Xu, Tao Wang and Yuzhi Chen
This study aims to investigate the safety and liability of autonomous vehicles (AVs), and identify the contributing factors quantitatively so as to provide potential insights on…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the safety and liability of autonomous vehicles (AVs), and identify the contributing factors quantitatively so as to provide potential insights on safety and liability of AVs.
Design/methodology/approach
The actual crash data were obtained from California DMV and Sohu websites involved in collisions of AVs from 2015 to 2021 with 210 observations. The Bayesian random parameter ordered probit model was proposed to reflect the safety and liability of AVs, respectively, as well as accommodating the heterogeneity issue simultaneously.
Findings
The findings show that day, location and crash type were significant factors of injury severity while location and crash reason were significant influencing the liability.
Originality/value
The results provide meaningful countermeasures to support the policymakers or practitioners making strategies or regulations about AV safety and liability.
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Hassan Gholipour Fereidouni and Reza Tajaddini
This paper aims to investigate whether cultural dimension of power distance, which is the extent that inequality is expected and accepted in societies, can explain underlying…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether cultural dimension of power distance, which is the extent that inequality is expected and accepted in societies, can explain underlying differences in landlord-tenant practices (LTP) across countries.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a sample covering countries from different regions. They apply the ordered probit regressions to estimate the relationships between the explanatory variables and LTP.
Findings
The results show that hierarchical societies demonstrate more pro-landlord practices. This finding is robust to alternative measures of power distance and different sample sizes. In addition, the authors find that countries with larger rental sectors and larger numbers of landlords with mortgages demonstrate more pro-tenant practices. The results also show that differences in LTP across countries are not significantly influenced by legal origin.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, very limited studies have investigated the determinants of LTP across countries. In addition, while cultural values such as power distance have been used to explain the economic, social and financial variables, less, if any, number of studies have used them to explain the variation of real estate market variables such as LTP.
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Eric Osei‐Assibey, Godfred A. Bokpin and Daniel K. Twerefou
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of financing preference of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) whilst distinguishing a broader range of financing…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of financing preference of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) whilst distinguishing a broader range of financing sources beyond what is typically the case within the corporate finance literature.
Design/methodology/approach
Under the framework of ordinal logistic regression, the paper also tests whether there is evidence of hierarchical preference ordering as predicted by pecking order theory (POH) using field survey data for 2009.
Findings
The authors relate that new enterprises are more likely to prefer low cost and less risky or less formal financing such as internal or bootstrap finances. However, as the enterprise gets established or matures, its capacity to seek formal financing increases, thereby becoming more likely to prefer or being in a higher category of formal financing. While the paper affirms the POH, it is argued that this order is a consequence of severe persistent constraints other than sheer preference. The findings further reveal that, microentrepreneur's and MSE's‐specific level socio‐economic characteristics such as owner's education or financial literacy status, households tangible assets, ownership structure, enterprise size, as well as sensitivity to high interest rates in the credit market, to be important determinants of either past (start‐up), present or future financing preference.
Originality/value
The main value of this paper is to analyse the determinants of financing preference of MSEs within the context of rural financial market (RFM) from a developing country perspective.
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