Search results

In this study, the authors develop in-depth understanding of how refugee entrepreneurs navigate institutional voids in market participation in Malaysia. The authors employ an inductive research design consistent with recent research investigating adversity and disadvantaged entrepreneurship. The findings of this study reveal that refugees adopted different, gendered approaches to navigate institutional voids in market participation. The women refugees in this study anchored towards safety by leveraging legitimacy of market intermediaries (e.g. social ventures and refugee support organisations) to gain protection for entrepreneurial activities and access markets while conducting their labour at home. The men refugees in this study engaged in harbouring – concealing entrepreneurial activities in the local community or under others’ identities to protect income-generating opportunities. The findings of this study thus provide nuance and demonstrate plurality in how refugee entrepreneurs navigate institutional voids, contributing towards more holistic understanding of refugee entrepreneurship, offering insights for development agencies, policy-makers, and other institutions on how to support refugees’ entrepreneurial activities.

Identifies managerial knowledge and skills from undergraduate to medical director level and considers the development of a core management training strategy and development programme, transferable on a national basis. Reports on a questionnaire survey plus in‐depth interviews with doctors and senior managers divided between grades covering hospitals, general practices and public health services. Explains that the model evolved is a synthesis of managerial models set in the context of doctors’ work. Concludes that doctors agreed that more support and training from their organizations would have been useful, and that managers were generally supportive of doctors becoming involved in management, although some harboured doubts about their willingness or the effects such moves would have on established management career structures. Contends that there appears to be a 30:70 split between doctors receptive to the concept of management and those against.

Various realities, both political and economic were experienced by Drucker within Weimar Germany. Such realities were a result of those historical developments germane to the emergence of modern Germany. In particular it was “the triumph of industrial capitalism (which) changed the reality of German life” (Stern, 1992, p. 30). This “triumph” was however tempered by the crash of 1873 which led to Germans, prior to 1945, harbouring a “violent resentment against the new industrialism” (Stern, 1974, p. xxvii). In attempting to research those formative influences upon Drucker’s later managerial thought, which denies the relevance of business ethics, cognisance has to be given to this German history. The search for a so-called “third way” in Weimar Germany, and the later triumph of Nazism, were both developments which stemmed from this history.

Attention has often been directed to the fact that much unwrapped bread becomes dangerously dirty by the time it is consumed, and there is now a considerable body of opinion in favour of making the wrapping compulsory. The hygienic advantages of this are unquestionable; for although a loaf may be of a high standard of purity on leaving the factory, there are ways by which much contamination may occur subsequently. There are dangers, beyond the control of Sanitary Authorities, arising from contamination by dirty hands, clothing, baskets and carts; the dust from streets, doorsteps and window sills; and from the organisms of disease harboured by apparently healthy “carriers” of infection; and very often pieces of crust are given to little children to bite upon, in order to aid the development of their teeth and gums.—Dr. G. H. Dart (the Medical Officer of Health for Hackney) has recently emphasised the fact that there is much typhoid and paratyphoid fever, and other disturbances of health, which occur without any source of infection being traced; and he maintains that it is a reasonable assumption that some of this infection results from our failure to adopt measures for safeguarding the cleanliness of bread. From a small investigation upon five loaves, it was found recently that four of them yielded bacteriological results that testified to gross contamination—a number of streptocococci, staphylococci and coliform organisms having been found upon each of the four loaves. It will not be disputed that the value of the precautions adopted, even in the most hygienic bakeries, may be greatly discounted by the failure to protect the bread from contamination in its subsequent passage to the consumer; and it seems—to say the least of it—inconsistent, to provide against the contamination of meat (as by the 1924 Meat Regulations)—an article of food which is cooked before consumption—and to ignore the contamination of bread which is eaten as delivered to the purchaser. That bread can be wrapped without loss of flavour and at little cost has been demonstrated in America and by some bakers in England. In a useful paper by C. H. F. Fuller, B.Sc, A.I.C., Research Laboratories, Messrs. J. Lyons & Co., Ltd., which appeared in the last issue of the Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, attention is drawn to the fact that it is possible, by the employment of a waxed paper wrapping, largely to eliminate moisture loss from the loaf, and thus to secure a loaf which remains longer in a palatable condition, owing to delay in the onset of staling; but before wrapping, the loaf must be cooled until the centre attains a temperature not far beyond that of the outside air, in order to avoid the occurrence of “sweating,” i.e., deposition of moisture on the crust and inside of the wrapper. He also refutes the contention that the wrapping of bread necessarily leads to the absorption of foreign flavours from the wax or paper; for trouble from these causes is avoidable if suitable measures are adopted. Indeed, the whole subject of bread wrapping has been submitted to a close examination by a number of investigators; and in general there is agreement among them that no deleterious effect upon the quality of the bread results, and that the public would benefit from the resulting improvement in cleanliness, freshness and palatability. The hygienic considerations in reference to bread apply also to all exposed food which is not washed, peeled, cooked or treated in same way which removes dirt or renders it safe for consumption. The obvious remedy for the dangers involved by our neglect is to press for legal powers to enforce the necessary precautions and to educate public opinion upon the need for these.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Gulin Gulin Buffalo Company (GGBC), an Indigenous wildlife enterprise, within a sustainable livelihoods framework and to understand the factors that have contributed to its success.

A combination of participatory observation, semi‐structured interviews and a focus‐group discussion were undertaken to understand the implications of the enterprise with regards to each of the five capitals of the sustainable livelihoods framework.

The GGBC has successfully mustered feral buffalo from Northern Australia for 20 years. A livelihoods assessment of the industry shows that the natural capital (the buffalo) are harvested below replacement levels, financial returns are significant, the business possesses adequate physical infrastructure, human capital is increased through on‐the‐job training, and there is community support. Seven factors underpin this enterprise's success: the productive capacity of the buffalo and the resources it consumes; the minimal amount of anti‐use sentiment harboured by the Australian public towards the commercial use of buffalo; the size of the market and its indifference to wild harvested stock; consistent culturally aware management; strong historical roots in the pastoral industry; considerable alignment of the company's activities to the local culture; and strong relationships with the associated community.

This paper provides insight into the nature of a successful Indigenous wildlife enterprise in remote and regional Australia that sheds light on Indigenous enterprise success more generally. As such, this paper will be valuable for Indigenous entrepreneurs and Indigenous economic development professionals, policy makers and researchers.

Croatia, always harbouring ambitions of becoming an independent nationstate, was caught off guard during the early stages of the events of the break‐up of Yugoslavia in 1990–91 by a combination of Slovenian and pan‐Serbian planning. The Slovenian planning was single‐minded for secession, while the Serbian factor was the ruthlessness of pan‐Serbian elements in both the JNA and the federal government, which manipulated the military campaigns from using limited intervention to preserve the Yugoslav federation to armed conflict in order to enable greater Serbia to gain as much territory as possible. Croatian independence was eventually gained through a combination of survivalist struggle, improvisation, the evocative — and symbolic — holding actions of the sieges of Dubrovnik and Vukovar, European Union recognition of independence, and a certain low‐key tacit rapprochement between Belgrade and Zagreb. The undoubted achievements both of gaining independence and of economic development in the following years, however, have been accompanied by economic criminality. It is this latter legacy that has created the long‐term problems that currently face the new regime in Zagreb.

I have made the point that the unidimensional approach leads to all manner of distortions, incorrect courses of action and innumerable blind alleys. It is a useful exercise to identify some of these major errors in unidimensional thinking in the immediate past. One of the biggest, for example, was encouraging the immigration of people from developing countries on the single criterion that they would provide a source of labour from which to fill menial and unattractive jobs at the lower end of the scale which were spurned by our own population. Here was to be the means by which lazy and unimaginative employers could refuse to face the challenge of change by picking up an entirely new supply of docile near‐slaves. This, of course, was the age of undreamed of prosperity in which we harboured visions of perpetual growth in the conventional economy. It was a situation based on the traditional view of economics. But it took no account whatever of social and human factors. There was the ready assumption that this underprivileged group would be prepared, for ever, to accept the status of second‐class citizens; their children, too. It didn't happen that way: the second generation saw themselves as equal in every way to the indigenous population and insisted on their rights as full citizens. And it happened within two decades — as quickly as that — leaving in its wake a problem of such dimensions that one inner city area of London achieved within that time a state in which one third of its total population were of immigrant origin.

Social Entrepreneurial Enterprises (SEEs) are companies that are founded with the mission to change the world in a specific socially oriented way rather than to provide an (economic) ROI (Bornstein, 2004). The social mission is usually accomplished incrementally by convincing other members of society of their cause. The degree to which the social mission is accomplished is the function which an SEE tries to optimize while at the same time remaining economically viable and independent. As SEEs are entrepreneurial enterprises, they are associated with a high risk of failure, yet at the same time they empower their leaders through independence.