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The purpose of this paper is to report on a study that was done among older adults in the city of Bahia Blanca, Argentina regarding their awareness and use of cultural heritage and commercial recreational sites.

This exploratory study among this historically understudied segment of the population used interviews and historical images to analyze their perceptions about such spaces and to establish a link between those perceptions and their civic identity.

The study found that appreciation of local cultural heritage sites was considerably lower than appreciation of commercial recreational areas and suggests possible interventions to enhance the use and appreciation of cultural heritage sites.

This paper about Bahia Blanca derives its relevance from venturing into an analysis of the opinions about such sites among an age segment, the elderly, that has been poorly addressed in other studies, in particular in the Latin American context. The study reported here generated firsthand information that may serve public servants in making decisions in the context of locally developed cultural policies and presents a methodological model and data collection and analysis techniques that may be of interest for development elsewhere.

In Argentina there is a lack of research studies in the “older adults” age bracket. The contribution of this manuscript lies in creating a connectivity among concepts such as recreation/leisure, heritage and lived space, by using new contributions in the geography of leisure that are associated with the geography of everyday life. The concepts are integrated in the study of subjective spaces of individuals.

The purpose of this paper is to focus on territorial dynamics generated by five music festivals in the Emporda region (Spain) and its tourism sector.

Using qualitative methodology, 10 qualified informants were interviewed. Their answers were coded and analysed.

Territorial features favour the organisation of festivals. Promoters wish to offer some added value using local products. Festivals broadcast local identity to the world. Festivals’ features as tourist products explain how they are perceived as innovative.

These existing products are being further developed to meet cultural tourism requirements. This strategy is justified by the search for innovation in a fiercely global competitive context.

Current paper focuses on a present product and analyses its transformation: how a territory uses an old strategy in a new way generating future opportunities for tourism sector and local economies.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall picture of the five articles included in this issue highlighting their contributions and revealing the importance of academic research for arts and culture management as a nascent topic in the Latin American context.

This paper elaborates a critical description of the main aspects of the papers included. The contributions are grouped together around central topics pertaining to arts and culture management such as: audience creation and environment; museums, competition and efficiency; and management skills and entrepreneurship.

The contributions of the articles are as diverse as the topics included in them. Some highlight the importance of the context in audience creation processes, others reveal the determinants of the institutional variables in the efficiency of artistic organisations, and a final one, reveals the deconstruction of an artistic genre and its contribution to the comprehension of organisations’ innovation processes. However, the most important contribution, within the Latin American context, consists basically in a process of dissemination and knowledge of the research developed in different international contexts and which may apply to the analysis of arts and culture management in the region.

As noted in the body of this paper, the topic of cultural management is novel and has acquired notable importance in developed economies in which the arts and culture sector has strategic value. Latin America reveals an institutional revolution which situates the cultural sector in a predominant position where its contribution to the creation of social and economic value turns it into a key field in Latin American societies. Arts and culture constitute a factor of value creation which requires carefully planned and pertinent management processes. This publication, through its five contributions, all European, is a valuable tool of dissemination for knowledge and management in Latin America, where academic research into the sector is, as yet, incipient.

El propósito del presente texto consiste en proporcionar una visión de conjunto de la Gestión del arte y la cultura, a través de cuatro artículos, señalando sus aportes y mostrando la importancia de la investigación académica, proceso naciente en el contexto Latinoamericano. Sus aportes son diversos, algunos muestran la importancia del contexto en los procesos de creación de públicos, otros la importancia del concepto de competencia en la gestión de los museos, y un último, la deconstrucción de un género artístico y su aporte a la comprensión de los procesos de innovación en las organizaciones.

El texto presenta una descripción crítica de los aspectos más importantes de los artículos incluidos. Las contribuciones incluidas se agrupan alrededor de temas centrales relacionados con la gestión del arte y la cultura como son: Creación de audiencias y entorno; Museos, competencia y eficiencia; y habilidades administrativas y emprendimiento.

Sin embargo, la contribución más importante, dentro del contexto latinoamericano, consiste básicamente en un proceso de difusión y conocimiento de los procesos de investigación que se desarrollan en diferentes contextos internacionales y que pueden tener vigencia en el análisis de los procesos de gestión artística y cultura, propios de la región. Como se señala en el cuerpo del artículo, el tema de la gestión cultural es novedoso y ha adquirido una notable importancia en los países de economías desarrolladas donde el sector del arte y la cultura cumple un valor estratégico.

En América Latina se observa una evolución institucional que está situando al sector cultural en un lugar preponderante, donde su contribución a la creación de valor social y económico, lo convierte en un dominio clave en las sociedades latinoamericanas. El arte y la cultura es un factor de creación de valor que requiere procesos de gestión cuidadosos y pertinentes. La presente publicación a través de sus cinco contribuciones, todas Europeas, constituye una valiosa herramienta de difusión para el conocimiento y gestión en América Latina, donde el desarrollo de la investigación académica del sector es aún incipiente.

This issue includes six articles from ten universities in Chile, Colombia and Spain. The subjects are on entrepreneurship, public administration, management of intellectual capital marketing and also the immediate rejection policies of the journal's editor. The first study identifies different models of support programs in creating technology-based companies (spin‐offs) in universities from Spain and Great Britain, and the factors that determine their efficiency. The second one is on that factors that lead a person to entrepreneurship, particularly the impact of gender and the sociocultural aspects in regional entrepreneurships of Chile. The third studies the continuity of the entrepreneurial spirit in university students many years after graduating. The fourth makes an evaluation of the service portals available to the citizens of 19 countries in Latin America. The fifth is a study of the nets of scientific collaboration of the most prestigious Latin American business schools. The sixth is a study on the market orientation and obtained results in the business of rural tourism. An Editorial also deals with the criteria for immediate rejection of articles received by the journal. We plan a special issue on culture and art management, associated with the EURAM conference.

Este número incluye seis artículos provenientes de diez universidades de Chile, Colombia y España, sobre emprendimiento, administración pública, gestión del capital intelectual y mercadeo, así como la política de rechazo inmediato del editor de la revista. El primer estudio identifica diferentes modelos de programas de apoyo a la creación de empresas con base tecnológica (spin‐offs) en universidades de España y Gran Bretaña, y los factores que determinan su eficacia. El segundo sobre factores que llevan a una persona a emprender, en particular el impacto del género y aspectos socioculturales en los emprendimientos regionales en Chile. El tercero estudia la continuidad del espíritu empresarial de los universitarios varios años después de graduarse. El cuarto realiza una evaluación de los portales de servicio al ciudadano en 19 países de América Latina. El quinto es un estudio de las redes de colaboración científica de las escuelas de negocios más prestigiosas de América Latina. El sexto es un estudio sobre la orientación al mercado y los resultados obtenidos en el negocio de pequeñas firmas de servicios de turismo rural. Un Editorial trata sobre los criterios para rechazo inmediato de artículos recibidos en la revista. Planeamos un número especial sobre la gestión cultural y de arte, asociada a la conferencia de EURAM.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavioural competencies of directors and managers working for cultural organizations and their relationship with organizational performance.

The study adopts an ESC competency modelling process and the technique of the Behavioural Event Interview as the primary source of data collection. In particular, the authors interviewed 14 directors and managers of six performing arts organizations operating in Emilia-Romagna, a region located in Northern Italy.

Findings show that directors and managers of cultural organizations are characterized by a specific set of social and emotional (e.g. persuasion and empathy), whereas cognitive competencies, such as quantitative analysis, are less frequent. Findings highlight also that a balanced portfolio of behavioural competencies emerges as importantly correlated with high organizational performance.

Findings offer relevant managerial implications for the design and implementation of a coherent set of human resource management practices, which allow cultural organizations to reach above-average performance.

This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between managerial competencies and the performance of cultural organizations, taking into account specific kinds of competencies – namely, behavioural competencies – which have been neglected by the previous literature.

Este estudio pretende investigar las competencias comportamentales de los directores y managers que trabajan en las organizaciones culturales, y la relación entre estas competencias y la el desempeño organizacional.

Este estudio usa el proceso ESC competency modelling y la técnica de la Behavioral Event Interview. Sobre todo, entrevistamos 14 directores y managers de seis organizaciones de espectáculos en vivo que operan en Emilia-Romagna, una región del Norte de Italia.

Encontramos que los directores y managers de las organizaciones culturales muestran un conjunto especifico de competencias sociales y emocionales (persuasión, empatía, etc.), mientras que las competencias cognitivas son menos frecuentes. Hallazgos muestran también que un portfolio balanceado de competencias comportamentales está correlacionado con alto desempeño organizacional.

Los Hallazgos ofrecen relevantes implicaciones administrativas por el diseño y la implementación de un sistema coherente de prácticas de recursos humanos, que permite a las organizaciones culturales conseguir un alto rendimiento organizacional.

Este articulo contribuye a una mejor comprensión de la relación entre las competencias de los managers y el desempeño de las organizaciones culturales, sobre todo considerando competencias específicas (las competencias comportamentales) que los estudios pasados han descuidado.

There is a growing requirement for multi‐cultural, transnationally competent managers in to‐day's global economy. However, the impact of culture, positive and negative, on management development programmes is often recognised, but not formally addressed. The cultural diversity of students undertaking management development programmes, such as an MBA, presents great opportunities to business school educators to facilitate the development of vital cross cultural management skills. Management development programmes traditionally address interpersonal skills development. However, based on our experience presented here, providing training to develop cross cultural skills specifically will be of growing importance to students, business schools and multinational companies, as they consider the effectiveness of management development programmes. This article sets out several of the key cross cultural issues which we have identified as relevant to management development programmes in an attempt to highlight the important impact of culture on students and teaching practice. These issues include teaching methods, tutor/student and peer group feedback, working in groups and cultural approaches to learning. We believe that such cultural issues can have a dra matic effect on students experience of management development programmes. We suggest a possible framework for initiating and developing cross cultural skills so that cultural richness can be taken from the classroom into the global boardroom.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the basis for a management agenda for the Tolima Coffee Cultural Landscape (CCLT) in Colombia. To this end, a delimitation model has been developed. However, the approach taken to institute the agenda of the CCLT, as a comprehensive academic and policy-based theme, is based on the formulation of a social agenda that supports its construction.

A theoretical framework is proposed that addresses the sociocultural complexities of the Tolima cultural landscape. This is based on an ethnohistorical approach that elucidates the development of this landscape as a collective construction of pre-Hispanic origin. Therefore, this investigation has been perceived through the theoretical and conceptual framework of the cultural landscape concept and the unique historical and cultural phenomenon that help to define all landscapes. More specifically, the authors have demonstrated the close links that exist between nature and culture, requiring increasingly accurate methods in order to adapt the landscape definition to the specific Latin American context, rather than adhering to the institutional framework proposed by UNESCO.

The assessment methods currently in use support the interpretation of a set of qualitative and quantitative attributes inherent to the Tolima region. However, additional methods still remain similar to those of the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia (CCLC) that has already been inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. The CCLC is considered to be a representative landscape—or “type” landscape—that “mirrors” the CCLT. Taken as a whole, this theoretical construction combined with the official designation allows local communities to understand the spatial phenomena of the CCLT. This will have the effect of enabling communities at all levels, from local government to landholders and farmers, to authorize its existence and allow for its continuing development and governance. The additional approval for further academic research, combined with the totality of these elements, also has the added effect of empowering communities, their economic future and their cultural interests.

The management agenda that the authors are proposing may form the beginning of regional policy initiatives that reflect a positive strategy for highlighting the value of cultural heritage, thereby ensuring the protection of cultural properties and landscapes and allowing for a more sustainable environment and livelihood for its occupants.

This paper attempts to fill the gap that exists in research regarding 20th-century heritage and its social appreciation. The purpose of this paper is to explore different ways of evaluating the heritage value and tourism potential and to propose an innovative model validated in the Zarzuela Hippodrome as an example of cultural asset from 20th century with important economic, social, cultural, aesthetic and architectural aspects.

This study opted for an interpretation of heritage from an ecosystem, integrating and global paradigm, understanding the asset as a set of resources that interact with each other, generating a common and enriched tourist experience among all the elements that make it up. From this perspective, it is conceived that by modifying one of the elements, the whole (tourist) ecosystem will be equally influenced. On the other side, it was incorporated non-parametric techniques based on the implementation of surveys for the validation of the tool to the case study of the Zarzuela hippodrome.

The results suggest that the hippodrome's internal values have been evaluated very positively, while its external values are low. Through this study, the paper has identified several weaknesses that impede its functioning as a viable “tourist product.” The distance from the city center, the lack of available information and the scarce diffusion and tourism promotion are its main weaknesses. The proposed analysis tool reveals the importance of the active participation of visitors to evaluate cultural assets through the combination of aspects related to the conservation of cultural assets and, in turn, elements that encourage their commodification as tourist products, break down barriers between these two disciplines.

The management tool proposed in this study can be used to underpin the creation of tourism experiences in cultural or heritage assets by diagnosing the current state of its tourist potential, quantifying its value in relation to the visitors’ perception and making visible those problematic aspects to develop actions to solve them. Although the present study is support for future research, as well as for improving the marketing of heritage in tourist settings, an in-depth analysis of the technical elements of heritage, as well as of its intervention (if applicable), will be necessary for the managers who want to use the tool.

One of the most differentiating characteristics between the construction typology of 20th-century historical buildings is perhaps the scarcity of decorative ornamentation, with exposed concrete being the main surface coating. Many of these constructions have an important cultural and historical relevance, however, the social perception, as regards its consideration as architectural and artistic heritage seems to reflect discordant aspects. This study provides support as a decision-making tool to determine the existing valuation of a building and how to enhance it.

This study takes steps toward the creation of a model that supports decision-makers and owners of cultural assets through a measurement system that makes it possible to quantify and determine the current state of tourism use through the social evaluation of heritage criteria. It defines which are the elements that favor the resilience of the property or, on the contrary, which are those that undermine its enhancement.

This article aims to explore informal entrepreneurial activities in ethno-cultural clusters in the Russian South. It evaluates the agglomeration economy efforts of ethno-cultural communities and the formation of a new operations of the informal sector. The transition of the ethnic project “Obukhovsky Choir” from an informal to a formal enterprise is considered as unfinished. The emphasis is pointed at the barriers affecting the process and extra-economic factors influencing entrepreneurship activities in ethno-cultural clusters in Russia.

For investigation of the informal entrepreneurship in the Southern Russian agglomeration, in-depth interviews method has been used. The paper researched concept of entrepreneurship and cultural entrepreneurship through the interviews, trying to distinguish the core factors influencing activities of Obukhovsky Choir. These questions concern motivation to enter entrepreneurship activity, regional and local policies affecting the overall situation, core values (ideology) of these types of activity, the role of institutional and other contexts, spatial distribution and social capital influence.

The case of the Rostov agglomeration demonstrates the delayed development of ethno-cultural clusters and attempts to closure activities of communities into local political space. Rostov agglomeration has not stepped through the threshold and involved ethno-cultural communities in the formation of the “common good” conception. While Rostov agglomeration is still attractive for labour migration and migrants' entrepreneurial initiatives, local government does not support such intervention into the stable regional market. These steps delay the development of ethno-cultural clusters and contradict communication between ethnic communities, autochthonic population and local administration.

The case chosen for analysis is Cossack music entrepreneurial space as a salient sample of ethno-cultural cluster with powerful economic potential. It could be used for further consideration of ethno-cultural cluster as a source for socio-economic modernization of Russian multicultural agglomeration where established ethnic communities' communicative style strategically provides support or opposition to the local administration initiatives.

This paper aims to investigate the European and Latin America urban cultural policies that could enhance cultural and creative sustainable tourism products development.

The methodological framework is based on a comparative case study regarding the importance, dynamics and policies associated to cultural and creative tourism in four Ibero-American cities, namely, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Lisbon and Madrid.

This exploratory analysis underlines the growing importance of cultural and creative tourism in the four capital cities. On one hand, cities reveal different tourism impacts and, on the other hand, they are associated to different cultural and creative sector structures. Cities cultural and creative performance put in evidence that sustainable cities index, global talent competitiveness index and cultural and creative cities monitor, tend to position Madrid in the first place followed by, Lisbon, Buenos Aires and Brasilia.

In general, and despite the importance of space in the creative process, there is little research on the geography of the creative industries and there is a lack of cross-country comparative studies so that it is difficult to assess the particularities of each model of creativity.

Cities could enhance more efforts in investing, not only in the traditional cultural infrastructures but also on the new forms of culture, new technologies, new makers, new audiences based on their attributes, activities and labels, in a framework of urban sustainable policies based on “innovation,” “inclusiveness” and “interconnectivity.”

The originality of the paper lies in the comparative analysis of four cities based on cultural and creative sector and tourism interconnections. Simultaneously, it lies in an exploratory model application.