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Primarily, this research aims to examine how and when firm-level corporate social responsibility (CSR) translates into individual-level attitudes and behaviors of employees under cross-level boundary conditions of firm-level family ownership (FO) and group-level ethical leadership.

Philosophically, the present research comes under the post-positivist paradigm, with a deductive approach. The multilevel, multisource and multimethod data for this research were collected by employing a time-lagged design through the survey strategy and from annual reports of 60 manufacturing firms in Pakistan. The multilevel path analysis was conducted using MPlus.

The authors found that organizational identification (OID) statistically and significantly mediates the impact of firms' CSR disclosure on employees' innovative job performance (EIJP). However, the partial mediation of OID between firm-level CSR perception and EIJP was noticed. Moreover, a firm-level contingency of FO and group-level ethical leadership further intensifies the impact of CSR disclosure and perception on EIJP through OID.

Theoretically, this research widens the current understanding of employees' reactions to firms' CSR disclosure and perception by investigating the contingencies of firm-level FO and group-level ethical leadership. Practically, the managers can consider the underlying framework presented in this research in defining CSR as the antecedent of the OID and EIJP. For example, organizations must deliberately concentrate on not only their CSR initiatives and engagements but also immense attentiveness should be given to CSR disclosure because disclosing CSR will assist the top management in achieving the desired workplace attitudes and behaviors of employees. This research will also help business leaders to understand the integration of CSR and ethical leadership while making CSR-related strategic decisions.

Existing research on CSR still needs advancement due to competing explanations, inconsistencies in the findings, and a lack of multilevel studies. Although few studies on CSR have considered multilevel aspects by devising and testing multilevel mechanisms but largely remained deficient concerning cross-level boundary conditions. Furthermore, the authors also noticed that the academic literature predominantly analyses the impact of perceived CSR either at the individual level or the firm aggregated level on employee attitudes and behaviors. However, research on the effect of organizational CSR disclosure on the behaviors and attitudes of employees remains scarce.

This paper attributes the clustered occurrence of over-guarantee crises of Chinese listed firms to behavioural interactions among them when engaged in guarantee decisions, verifying the existence of the peer effect (PE) and its role in the formation mechanism of such crises.

Reviewing the literature, the authors constructed a panel dataset of Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2019 to empirically verify two types of PE by constructing industrial and regional PE indicators. The authors conduct grouped regressions according to firm heterogeneity and managers’ individual characteristics to explain the motives for the over-guaranteeing PE and also analysed the interaction between the financial market and the PE to reveal the external governance mechanism.

The authors find that the over-guarantee behaviour of Chinese listed firms exhibits strong industrial and regional correlations, which may lead to guarantee crises clustering. Firms with lower information quality, smaller asset size, and higher managerial overconfidence will be more likely to be influenced by other listed firms to over-guarantee. A favourable financial market environment can effectively inhibit listed firms from imitating the guaranteeing behaviour of peer firms.

This study’s results challenge the traditional theoretical perspective of independent financial decision-making, describe the interaction among listed firms in decision-making, and expand the existing theoretical literature on over-guaranteeing. The stickiness of guarantee behaviour may affect the accuracy of the authors’ estimations, and the differences between the industrial and regional PE require further research.

The PE of over-guaranteeing shows that a single firm has a “spill-over effect” on the guarantee decisions of other firms in the same industry or region. Improving the information environment of listed firms financing decision-making and establishing a more demanding guarantee access mechanism may reduce this dependence on listed firms’ decisions. Firms should also appropriately strengthen decision-making constraints on managers to avoid istortions in financial decisions due to managers’ personal cognitive biases.

Using PE theory, the authors explain the influence mechanisms of financial distress of Chinese listed firms due to industrial and regional clustering of over-guarantee behaviour from the perspective of behavioural interaction.

This research aims to examine the moderating role of managerial ability on the relationship between risk-taking behavior and firms' performance.

This research uses 383 manufacturing firm-years listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange as the research sample. The hypothesis test uses fixed-effect regression analysis.

The result shows that risk-taking behavior has a positive effect on firms' performance for higher managerial ability. Managerial ability provides higher knowledge, skill and information to get benefits and mitigate costs of risk-taking behavior to improve firms' performance. The role of managerial ability to make risk-taking behavior increase firms' performance occurs more for high-ability managers, dual CEO, shareholder-CEO and family CEO.

This research contributes to answering the conflicting arguments and filling the previous findings gap between risk-taking behavior and firm performance by considering managerial ability as a factor to create effective risk mitigation.

This study aims to reveal the effect of the two international intrapreneurship activities of employee strategic renewal behaviour and new business venture behaviour on small and medium enterprises (SMEs)’s export performance with the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership, international entrepreneurial orientation and internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices.

The study sample consists of 461 employees at 168 Vietnamese import and export SMEs in the Ho Chi Minh City of Vietnam. The data is analysed by structural equation modelling.

The paper reveals that the two international intrapreneurship activities of employee strategic renewal behaviour and new business venture behaviour significantly contribute to SMEs’ export performance. Transformational leadership, internal CSR practice and international entrepreneurial orientation positively and significantly direct influence the two international intrapreneurship activities. The effects of transformational leadership on international intrapreneurial behaviours are partially mediated by firm internal CSR practices and international entrepreneurial orientation.

Firms would have to form the architecture and mechanisms to apply internal CSR and international entrepreneurship orientation for supporting the dedication of international intrapreneurship with a transformational leadership base.

The study contributes to the body of knowledge on international business by integrating resource-based view theory and dynamic capabilities theory in a way that benefits entrepreneurship and SMEs’ export performance.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the financing behavior of Romanian listed firms with regard to their tendency to exhibit herding behavior, more specifically to follow the mean capital structure of the sector they belong to.

A panel data model was employed to examine the herding financing behavior of Romanian listed firms over the period 2007–2014. The dependent variable of the model is firms’ debt ratio (DR) and the independent variables are: the first lag of the mean DR in each sector of the analysis, firm-specific characteristics and the average characteristics of the firms from the sector they belong to.

The results of the study indicate that Romanian listed firms have a herding behavior and try to reach the mean DR of the sector they belong to, moving away from the optimal capital structure that maximizes firms’ value. In addition, the results of the model estimation suggest that Romanian firms’ capital structure depends on both firms’ characteristics (i.e. profitability, firm size and asset tangibility) and the average characteristics of the firms from the same sector they belong to (i.e. average profitability and average size).

Acting with the herd determines firms to move away from the optimal capital structure and to miss in this way the maximization of the firm value. Consequently, it is in managers’ best interest to avoid herding behavior and try to act rationally when they decide firms’ financing sources.

To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study in the literature that finds support for the herding financing behavior in an Eastern European country.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the research on internationalization in small firms and research on managerial behavior, and it aims to develop new research questions that can enhance the understanding of the interface between these two areas.

A literature review of internationalization of small firms is carried out. It is concluded that understanding of managerial behavior in small international firms is in need of improvement. Therefore, the literature on managerial behavior is described, scrutinized and deployed in the context of small firms' internationalization.

No previous research has combined the research on small‐business internationalization and managerial behavior. Hypotheses that can be empirically tested and new research questions that can yield a better understanding of the internationalization processes in small firms are developed.

The hypotheses developed in this study have not yet been tested empirically. Further research is suggested to confirm and elaborate these propositions.

As the propositions in this study are not tested their practical implications are limited at present. However, earlier research has shown that there is a link between managerial behavior and firm behavior. Managers may be inspired by the study to reflect upon this link and adjust their behavior in ways that can improve their firms' international development.

In this paper the research on internationalization in small firms is merged with the research on managerial behavior. By adding knowledge from the latter research tradition, the understanding of small‐firm internationalization should be advanced through raising novel issues and applying new methodological tools.

In spite of the common label, uncertainty avoidance (UA) across Hofstede and GLOBE models has been found to be negatively correlated and capture distinct concepts. Nevertheless, the empirical research focusing on the impact of UA on a variety of constructs has strongly neglected this conceptual difference, assuming them equivalent constructs and using one as an alternative for the other, or merely applying one for reasons other than conceptual relevance. Challenging this taken-for-granted assumption, the purpose of this paper is to show that their conceptual difference matters by showing that their causal impact on a given construct is not consistent given their conceptual difference.

Hypotheses are tested using hierarchical linear modeling analyses on firms from Compustat Global Database across 44 countries within the time span of 1990–2017.

The findings show that the causal effects of Hofstede UA index (UAI) and GLOBE UA society practices on the risk-taking behavior of firms are not consistent. Unlike Hofstede UAI, GLOBE UA (society practices) does not reduce the risk-taking behavior of firms.

This study is valuable in that it raises awareness on the conceptual differences between UA dimensions across Hofstede vs GLOBE and challenges one of the taken-for-granted assumptions in the empirical literature that the two are equivalent by empirically showing that their impacts on a given construct (i.e. the risk-taking behavior of firms) are not consistent.

In the digital economy, digital capability has become an important dynamic capability of enterprises and plays an essential role in enhancing firm resilience. This study aims to investigate the relationships among digital capability, knowledge search, coopetition behavior and firm resilience based on knowledge-based view and resource-based view.

This study uses the hierarchical regression and bootstrapping methods to test the theoretical framework and research hypotheses. The survey data were collected from 241 Chinese enterprises.

Digital capability has significantly positive effects on knowledge search and firm resilience. Knowledge search positively affects firm resilience and partially mediates the relationship between digital capability and firm resilience. Coopetition behavior weakens the relationship between digital capability and knowledge search, and the mediating effect of knowledge search in the relationship between digital capability and firm resilience. The moderating effect of coopetition behavior on the relationship between digital capability and firm resilience is insignificant.

This study clarifies the effect of digital capability on firm resilience and uncovers the “black box” from digital capability to firm resilience. In addition, this research enriches the literature on digital capability and firm resilience and expands the application of knowledge-based view and resource-based view in the digital context.

This paper aims to contribute to the risk management studies in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by examining the complicated relationship between risk-taking behavior and firm performance.

The study conducted a survey of the Indonesian SME owner-managers and used partial least square structural equation modeling to examine the mediating effect of pricing capability and moderating effects of information technological turbulence.

The results do not only confirm the positive impact of risk-taking behavior on firm performance but also identify that impact of risk-taking behavior on firm performance is more effective at the low information technological turbulence than at the high one.

This study relied on information from the owner-managers in SMEs, which may bias against the perspective of their employees and the business partners.

This study advances the risk-taking behavior research in SMEs context by introducing the effect of pricing capability and information technological turbulence.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of the relative status between two interlocking firms for financial fraud or non-fraud contagion through interlock ties.

This study uses a sample of publicly listed firms in China over a ten-year period from 2005 to 2014. Data are collected from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research Database.

This study finds that non-fraud behaviors of lower-status partners inhibit fraud behaviors of the focal firm, whereas their fraud behaviors have no effect on the focal firm. In contrast, fraud behaviors of higher-status partners facilitate fraud behaviors of the focal firm, whereas their non-fraud behaviors have no effect on the focal firm.

This study provides new insights to the misconduct contagion literature by considering firms’ status differential as an important factor that governs the contagion process of fraud or non-fraud behaviors in board interlocks. It combines role theory and the contagion literature by studying the influence of the match between the status-based role expectations and practices of interlocking firm on the focal firm’s decision to engage in the same type of practice.