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This paper analyses the risks of the elderly and needs for aged care in China as a major social problem faced by the Chinese government in the 21st century, suggests the development of aged care accounting as a tool of providing information for policy‐makers, and outlines a general framework for such a development. The role of accounting in addressing aged care issues is recognised with a view to expanding social and demographic dimensions of accounting. Social and economic developments in China have increased people’s life expectancy which is leading to rapid population ageing. Meanwhile, the economic reform has largely dismantled the infrastructure of the traditional socialist care system. Consequently, there is growing concern about the risk and financing of aged care. The “one couple with one child” policy in China has also brought up the issue whether China will be able to afford the enormous amount of cost that aged care needs in the 21st century. The emergence of accounting for aged care is likely to provide information which can be used to address these demographic issues.

Financing retirement is an important aspect of later life that is related to overall healthy living and wellbeing. Very little is known about the attitudes of people towards their individual future retirement plans, accrued savings or even finances once they are into old age. There are no comparative studies across geographical regions that may help with understanding the complex behaviour of individuals and social norms. This chapter examines how life in retirement in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong is financed while also capturing regional disparities. This study uses data collected from primary sources in both territories. Quantitative analysis was carried out in order to answer key research questions. The findings suggest that employees plan to work longer than their actual retirement age and are not prepared for retirement whereas educated and higher income groups generally have savings plans in place to finance their later lives. These findings have significant implications for organisations and policy makers.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze financial literacy's effect on retirement planning among young adults in Mexico, with gender as a moderator variable. Planning refers to the actual or intended implementation of several retirement strategies: private pension funds, investing in assets, government subsidies and family assistance.

The article's methodology is quantitative, empirical and cross-sectional. Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (1991) works as the theoretical framework to examine planning for retirement intentions determined by individuals' financial inclusion, attitudes, knowledge, behavior, occupation and family traits. The methodology follows generalized structural equation models (GSEM) with logistic regression basis, constructed with data from the National Survey on Financial Inclusion 2018.

Results confirm that the most financially knowledgeable individuals have lesser intentions to pursue passive strategies, while financial behavior and inclusion associate with actively planning. Gender plays a fundamental role in retirement planning too.

Observations for several years are necessary to effectuate longitudinal analysis. Further research should include a more in-depth study of strategy choice triggers and policy impact on retirement planning.

Findings can be useful to public and private institutions focused on saving, investment and retirement, especially in economies comparable to Mexico's. Avoiding the higher social costs associated with poor retirement planning depends on timely decision-making.

This study goes beyond the traditional pension fund strategy to analyze other options. It delivers information about young people's long-term financial plans in Mexico concerning financial literacy and gender.

The year 2020 heralds a landmark in Malaysia’s demographic and economic landscape, as the country is expected to become an ageing country, as well as aspiring of becoming a high-income country. The elderly persons are, however, reported to be vulnerable to the risk of financial insecurity in old age, which if not addressed can affect the country’s effort of accomplishing the Vision 2020 goal of becoming a high-income nation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the factors that are capable of affecting the development of reverse mortgage market in Malaysia from the perspective of the financial service professionals.

The study is a qualitative design that involves the use of semi-structured questionnaire as data collection strategy. A total number of nine participants were selected for the interview using critical case sample scheme based on purposive sampling strategy.

The findings reveal that various economic, socio-demographic, behavioural and political/institutional factors would impose varying degrees of influence on reverse mortgage market in Malaysia.

The study is expected to spur discussion among stakeholders on the practicability of using reverse mortgage as alternative source of old-age financing in Malaysia.

Examines Laughlin Currie's experiences in helping to implement the New Deal, a new monetary system of Roosevelt's administration implemented during the 1930s.

This paper surveys the social security system in several Latin American countries. Specifically, the cases of Bolivia and Brazil are documented in order to determine if the Chilean model is a viable one in the Latin America and Caribbean region. An institutional approach suggests that while there has been a marked interest in tailoring pension funds a la Chile, policy makers of the region must be aware of the similarities and differences in the politico‐social‐economic environment. The macroeconomic transformation undertaken in Chile was a unique one obeying to specific conditions of time and process. It is indicated, however, that even in the case of developed nations, some features of the Chilean model may be very appealing as well.

This paper explores the origins of the great fortunes of the Gilded Age. It relies on two lists of millionaires published in 1892 and 1902, similar to the Forbes magazine list of the 400 richest Americans. Manufacturing, as might be expected, was the most important source of Gilded Age fortunes. Many of the millionaires, moreover, won their fortunes by exploiting the latest technology: Alfred D. Chandler's “continuous-flow production.” A more surprising finding is that wholesale and retail trade, real estate, and finance together produced more millionaires than manufacturing. Real estate and finance, moreover, were by far the most important secondary and tertiary sources of Gilded Age fortunes: entrepreneurs started in many sectors, but then expanded their fortunes mainly through investments in real estate and financial assets. Inheritance was also important, especially in older regions. The observations, moreover, come before and after the Crisis of 1893, one of the most severe financial crises of the nineteenth century. The data reveal a high degree of survival among the great fortunes, and perhaps most surprising, a high degree of survival for fortunes based on real estate.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the accounting notion of “human depreciation” helped the defined benefit pension plan emerge as the dominant means of dealing with an aging workforce in the first half of twentieth century USA.

The study examines historical material to identify the intersection of several different practices and knowledges that came together in the early decades of the 1900s to permit human depreciation in 1949 to be used to formally link aging employees to their employers.

In the early part of the twentieth century, humans and machines were constructed as parts of a single productive system, human traits were studied in order to increase their machine-like capacities, in the hope of creating a more efficient industrial economy. At the same time, fatigue associated with this industrial nation was constructing the older worker as subject to decline, hence opening the door to a linkage to physical and economic depreciation.

Reveals that the language of accounting can be utilized by non-accountants and outside organizational boundaries to effect public policy and play a constitutive role. Thus, who is able to use accounting conventions is important in understanding how accounting shapes social settings.

“Human depreciation”, used by the Steel Industry Board in 1949 to assign responsibility to employers for the depreciation of their human assets, has been left unexamined despite being cited as one of the greatest contributors to the growth of industrial pensions in the USA. The study examines accounting as an interface among and between the organizational and “non-accounting” spheres.