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Family events have unique significance on children as well as long-lasting impacts on them during their adulthood. A review of conceptual and theoretical literature on the subject was conducted to identify underlying trends and best practices in engaging children in the events industry. Societies are in transition from industrialised societies into risk societies and are increasingly becoming eco-socialised. Family events are integral towards developing inclusive and integrated societies and in realising Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16). Childhood is always eco-socialised, i.e. socially, economically and ecologically integrated with other forms of life. To the extent that childhood nostalgia forms the basis for future sustainable events and tourism choices. Family events are, therefore, increasingly becoming fundamental towards developing sustainability discourse. This viewpoint chapter provides conceptual and theoretical perspective on the roles and impacts of childhood research in sustainability discourse.

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of digital technologies on the promotion of tourist offer from the perspective of family businesses. The paper tries to provide a better understanding of the factors that determine the use of digital technologies in the family tourism business, both in the modern digital world and in times of uncertainty and crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The survey method was used in the realization of the research. Data were collected using a stratified random sample of 86 tourism providers in Montenegro and analyzed by using SEM models, logistic regression and descriptive statistics.

The results showed that the demographic characteristics of the respondents were the least important factors in the analysis; while factors that significantly affected the use of digital technologies in Montenegrin tourism included the nature of future tourism trends perceived by respondents, crisis and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, participants’ perceptions, attitudes and understanding of the specificities of digital technologies and benefits they offer to tourists, perceived from the perspective of the family business representative. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression revealed that pandemic had stronger consequences on micro and small enterprises, compared to those imposed on medium-sized firms. These impacts relate to changes in organization and redesign of workflows, altered communication from traditional to digital and increased importance of business innovations. On the other hand, the increased significance of integration of marketing channels for multiple target segments, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, was stronger pronounced in medium-sized businesses compared to micro and small ones.

The results obtained may serve the holders of the tourist offer, managers and decision-makers when making decisions on the imposition of digital technologies in tourism, in order to secure global reach business, multi-channel tourist interaction, cost-saving and being ahead of competitors. This enables an integrated analysis that forms the basis for further creation of tourism and marketing policies at the individual and collective level to attract tourists and strengthen Montenegro’s competitiveness as a destination.

This paper aims to investigate the socio-demographic variables that affect the motivation of Muslim tourists in Malaysia, and to examine the travel characteristics factors that affect the motivation in decision making of Muslim tourists travelling to Malaysia.

The study surveys questionnaires for data collection. Convenience sampling technique was used on the selected sample. The study was conducted in Malaysia, where the target respondents included Muslim family tourists with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years.

The findings show that motivation differs significantly among different levels of the socio-demographic characteristics except for gender and income. The result also reported that a majority of tourists’ travel behaviour was significantly different unless when it comes to seeking accommodation. Results also revealed a tendency for long holiday stays among Muslim tourists in Malaysia.

In this study, the examination of motivation on the Muslim family tourists has provided significant influence in managing the family tourist experience. On the other hand, most previous studies have shown that motivation is positively guided by general “push and pull” factors. However, this research demonstrates that components such family financial income and age of respondents has an effect on Muslim family tourists’ motivation, thus justifying the experience effect.

It is crucial for the service provider and destination management organizations to differentiate their products and services so that the packages and experience will be more meaningful.

Destination packages should be appropriately designed and positioned in the target markets to meet the needs and wants of different Muslim family groups. Communication should emphasize not only the most distinctive characteristics but also the most suitable holiday packages that the family tourist can afford to pay. This would assist the family in the decision-making process and choice processes and facilitate the family’s expectation.

This research paper related to Islamic tourism marketing which can be used to formulate appropriate marketing strategies, build a viable market segment and design practical marketing strategies to attract potential Muslims travellers.

The aim of this paper is to verify whether, in the tourism sector, the “family business model” is an important development opportunity and, in particular, if it is an innovation driver for this industry development. In the literature, there is no conclusive evidence of this for the tourism sector. In this context, the authors investigate personal and family needs and preferences alongside the relationship between family business model, growth and profit maximization and the development of tourism businesses through innovation drivers.

To develop this topic, the authors conducted an extensive literature review considering the scientific papers published and contained mainly in database in the last 10 years (2010–2020) and focused the attention on the last five years. The authors ran content and structural analysis on the collected sources by main scientific databases (EBSCO, Scopus, Thomson Reuter, etc.). Based on a systematic literature review, the analysis was conducted using statistical criteria and bibliometric indicators. In detail, the authors used systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis and automatic text analysis (ATA) tools for identified lexicon analysis and strategic keywords and used statistical correlation to classify the different approaches in the literature and to outline the orientations of the various research groups.

From this analysis, the correlation between tourism, hospitality, entrepreneurship, life cycle and innovation dynamics was analysed. Important research gaps are identified, and future research priorities are suggested. Implications for both family business and tourism theory are discussed.

While the intersection between tourism management and family business model has been established in the literature, the number of related publications is still limited. Against this background, a literature review as a total analysis was an adequate and practicable research methodology. This paper proposes a comprehensive literature review and a reflection on the potential developments and applications for family business in the tourism sector. Authors also suggest several research directions that have not been adequately investigated yet. In particular, scholars do not seem to have caught all the implications of innovation adoption, especially for SMEs and family ownerships in tourism.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of knowledge of family businesses in tourism through a systematic review of international academic literature with an emphasis on Latin America.

The paper opted for a systematic review involving analyzing international academic documents, articles, dissertations and papers that presented both theoretical and empirical research results. The search was conducted from January to April 2019 on online databases and search engines.

Studies are concentrated in strategic planning and competitiveness. Most of them are published since 2014 by Ibero-American countries. Some features are coincident among the varied geographical contexts, as the importance of generational succession planning; search for family welfare throughout the business; and the existence of own capacities and resources. Besides, the owner's objectives and gender involvement differ in the research results of developed countries and emerging economies; some implications for Latin America are analyzed.

The family business has international economic relevance, especially in tourism. Still, the studies in this field are few, even when tourism implies processes and interactions that can influence the development of the companies that integrate their industry. In this way, a compilation of the recent works is carried out, in order to identify how the complex family dynamics with tourism are integrated into the studies, main contributions to the field and knowledge gaps.

Analizar el estado actual del conocimiento de la empresa familiar en el turismo a través de una revisión sistemática de literatura académica internacional con énfasis en Latinoamérica.

El documento sigue una revisión sistemática de artículos académicos, disertaciones y capítulos internacionales, que presentan resultados de investigación tanto teóricos como empíricos. La búsqueda fue realizada de Enero a Abril de 2019 en bases de datos en línea y motores de búsqueda.

Los estudios se concentran en la planificación estratégica y competitividad. La mayoría de ellos son publicados desde 2014 por países Iberoamericanos. Algunos aspectos son coincidentes entre los variados contextos geográficos, como la importancia de la planificación de sucesión generacional; búsqueda del bienestar familiar a través del negocio; y existencia de capacidades propias. Por otra parte, los objetivos del propietario y el involucramiento de género difieren en los resultados de investigaciones de países desarrollados y economías emergentes; algunas implicaciones para América Latina son analizadas.

La empresa familiar tiene relevancia económica internacional, especialmente en el turismo. Aun así, los estudios en este campo son pocos, incluso cuando el turismo implica procesos e interacciones que puede influenciar el desarrollo de las compañías que integran su industria. En este sentido, se llevó a cabo una compilación de trabajos recientes, con la finalidad de identificar como se ha integrado a los estudios la complejidad de la dinámica familiar con el turismo, las principales contribuciones y vacíos de conocimiento.

The purpose of this study is to construct a comprehensive review on family businesses in the tourism industry since glocalization and small businesses comprise most of the industry.

This is a conceptual paper which utilizes qualitative research methods. Bibliometric analysis is applied to the selected 35 articles from specific databases which include not only the general tourism industry but also subsectors of airline, hospitality, restaurant, etc. Articles in this study fixate on the family businesses within the tourism industry.

In total, 35 articles are found with the keywords “family business and tourism”, “family business and hospitality and hotels”, “family business and restaurant” and “family business and airline”. Though the family business studies focus on hospitality, tourism and restaurants as F&B, there is a research gap in the subsectors like rent-a-car companies, travel agencies and tour operators and recreation facilities. Overall qualitative research design is preferred, but majority of the authors’ focus is on business development, profit, performance and succession. For further studies, quantitative analysis on research gap areas are recommended.

The most general limitation is that only specific selected databases are used for the data gathering process such as double reviewed indexed journals published within Web of Science, Emerald, Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO) and Elsevier databases from the period of 1970s. Some other databases and some different periods may be considered as well as different keywords for other research. Secondly, few studies have analyzed quantitative data, since the specific nature of the family business dynamics require qualitative data. As a suggestion, not only qualitative analysis but also mixed methods may also be studied since the literature lacks the studies conducted with these methodologies.

The study contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive review on hospitality and tourism family business management emphasizing the research gap on subsector application areas.

This paper aims to explore the pertinent issues of innovation and service experiences in family firms in the tourism industry, which are mostly small- and medium-sized enterprises.

The conceptual paper, building on social identity theory, undertakes a thorough review of the relevant literature before developing propositions regarding innovation and service experiences for small family firms in the tourism industry.

Small tourism family firms are faced with deficits in strategic orientation and innovation, and cooperation seems to be a means to overcome size deficits in family-run businesses. Customers integrated into the service experience enhance innovative developments and foster innovation in small tourism firms. As a prerequisite, the service experience must be appropriately managed by collecting and evaluating relevant data on customers’ needs, expectations and satisfaction. An open-minded and consumer-focused market-driven strategy seems to be an advantage.

Future research should undertake empirical studies to validate and/or modify the propositions presented in this conceptual paper.

This is one of the few studies to have addressed the relationship between service experiences and innovation for family-run small businesses in the tourism industry.

Families represent a large and growing market for the tourism industry. Family tourism is driven by the increasing importance placed on promoting family togetherness, keeping family bonds alive and creating family memories. Predictions for the future of family travel are shaped by changes in demography and social structures. With global mobility families are increasingly geographically dispersed and new family markets are emerging. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the trends that shape the understanding of families and family tourism.

This paper examines ten trends that the authors as experts in the field identify of importance and significance for the future of family tourism.

What emerges is that the future of family tourism lies in capturing the increasing heterogeneity, fluidity and mobility of the family market.

The paper contributes to the understanding about the changes taking place in family tourism and what it means to the tourism industry in the future.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the potentiality and dimensions of promoting handicraft family business practices in handicraft as well as the extent to highlight the local tradition and culture.

This study is an insight from the existing relevant literature on family-owned businesses in handicrafts from time immemorial. Furthermore, data were collected from the 300 respondents using a purposive sampling procedure in which the rate of response was 67%. The structural equation modeling (i.e. SmartPLS 3.0) was used to analyze the construct and test the hypothesis.

According to the result, among the 4 hypothesized paths all were supported, but out of 22 relationship paths, 15 paths are considered significant This study shows the relationship among the promotional factors, economic factors and motivational factors, and support and challenges factors have a crucial effect on the adoption of handicraft family business.

The findings of this study will assist the tourism scholars and managers to apprehend an authentic relationship between age-old practices of the family business as well as the legacy of the family business in art and crafts to empower the local people.

The study is a foremost to ascertain the critical success factors of the adoption of family business practices in art and crafts through rural tourism to empower the local economy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate family tourists’ emotional responses at world heritage sites (WHSs) by using cognitive appraisal theory (CAT).

The online survey was conducted targeting the family tourists who had travel experience at Pingyao Ancient City, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization world heritage destination in Northern China.

Data analysis with 347 family tourists to the site, via structural equation modeling analysis, revealed that existential authenticity (i.e. intrapersonal and interpersonal authenticity) and family interpersonal interaction help evoke emotional experience, which generates family cohesion and storytelling behavior as responses.

This study results contribute to an existing body of literature on the ability of CAT to illustrate how emotional experience forms in the context of family tourism at WHSs. The study also provides a clear understanding on how to elicit emotions among family tourists at heritage destinations.

旨在运用认知评价理论 (CAT) 探讨家庭游客在世界遗产地 (WHSs) 的情感反应。

这项线上调查的对象为游览过平遥古城的家庭旅游者, 平遥古城是一个位于中国北方的联合国教科文名录中的世界文化遗产地。

本研究通过结构方程模型对由347名家庭旅游者提供的数据进行分析显示, 存在的真实性（即个人内部和人际真实性）和家庭人际互动有助于唤起情感体验, 从而产生家庭凝聚力和故事讲述行为的情感反应。

本研究结果为有关认知评价理论（CAT）的现有文献做出贡献, 以说明在世界遗产旅游地家庭旅游的背景下情感体验是如何形成的。该研究也为在文化遗产目的地如何引发家庭游客的情绪提供了清晰的解释。

El propósito de este estudio es investigar las respuestas emocionales de los turistas familiares en los sitios del Patrimonio Mundial (WHS) mediante el uso de la teoría de evaluación cognitiva (CAT).

Se realizó una encuesta en línea dirigida a los turistas familiares que habían tenido una experiencia de viaje en la Ciudad Antigua de Pingyao, un destino de patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO en el norte de China.

El análisis de los datos con 347 turistas familiares, a través del análisis SEM, reveló que la autenticidad existencial (es decir, la autenticidad intrapersonal e interpersonal) y la interacción interpersonal familiar ayudan a evocar la experiencia emocional, lo que genera cohesión familiar y comportamiento narrativo como respuestas.

Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a un cuerpo existente de literatura sobre la capacidad de CAT para ilustrar cómo se forma la experiencia emocional en el contexto del turismo familiar en las CHM. El estudio también proporciona una comprensión clara sobre cómo provocar emociones entre los turistas familiares en el destino de patrimonio.