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Book part
Publication date: 4 April 2016

Is Paper Money Just Paper Money? Experimentation and Variation in the Paper Monies Issued by the American Colonies from 1690 to 1775

Farley Grubb

The British North American colonies were the first western economies to rely on legislature-issued paper monies as an important internal media of exchange. This system…

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Abstract

The British North American colonies were the first western economies to rely on legislature-issued paper monies as an important internal media of exchange. This system arose piecemeal. In the absence of banks and treasuries that exchanged paper monies at face value for specie monies on demand, colonial governments experimented with other ways to anchor their paper monies to real values in the economy. These mechanisms included tax-redemption, land-backed loans, sinking funds, interest-bearing notes, and legal tender laws. I assess and explain the structure and performance of these mechanisms. This was monetary experimentation on a grand scale.

Details

Research in Economic History
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0363-326820160000032003
ISBN: 978-1-78635-276-7

Keywords

  • Bills of credit
  • land banks
  • legal tender
  • present value
  • zero-coupon bonds
  • E42
  • E50
  • F31
  • G10
  • H60
  • K29
  • N11
  • N21
  • N41

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Book part
Publication date: 2 September 2016

An Alternative to Shareholder Value Creation: Subverting the Domination of Capitalist Exchanges through the Production of Uses and Common Pool Resources Management ☆

Bernard Paranque

This chapter reconsiders commonly held views on the ownership and management of private property, contrasting capitalist and simple property, particularly in relation to…

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Abstract

Purpose

This chapter reconsiders commonly held views on the ownership and management of private property, contrasting capitalist and simple property, particularly in relation to how a firm shareholder governance model has shaped society. This consideration is motivated by the scale and scope of the modern global crisis, which has combined financial, economic, social and cultural dimensions to produce world disenchantment.

Methodology/approach

By contrasting an exchange value standpoint with a use value perspective, this chapter explicates current conditions in which neither the state nor the market prevail in organising economic activity (i.e. cooperative forms of governance and community-created brand value).

Findings

This chapter offers recommendations related to formalised conditions for collective action and definitions of common guiding principles that can facilitate new expressions of the principles of coordination. Such behaviours can support the development of common resources, which then should lead to a re-appropriation of the world.

Practical implications

It is necessary to think of enterprises outside a company or firm context when reflecting on the end purpose and means of collective, citizen action. From a methodological standpoint, current approaches or studies that view an enterprise as an organisation, without differentiating it from a company, create a deadlock in relation to entrepreneurial collective action. The absence of a legal definition of enterprise reduces understanding and evaluations of its performance to simply the performance by a company. The implicit shift thus facilitates the assimilation of one with the other, in a funnel effect that reduces collective projects to the sole projects of capital providers.

Originality/value

Because forsaking society as it stands is a radical response, this historical moment makes it necessary to revisit the ideals on which modern societies build, including the philosophy of freedom for all. This utopian concept has produced an ideology that is limited by capitalist notions of private property.

Details

Finance Reconsidered: New Perspectives for a Responsible and Sustainable Finance
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-905920160000010023
ISBN: 978-1-78560-980-0

Keywords

  • Private property
  • collective action
  • cooperative
  • liberalism
  • exchange value
  • use value
  • B5
  • P13
  • Z13

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Book part
Publication date: 1 June 2011

The Institutional Theory of John R. Commons

Werner Winslow Gardner

Neoclassic economics is a thing of considerable beauty. It yet finds an increasing tendency on the part of those trained in its discipline to rebel from its neatly fitted…

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Abstract

Neoclassic economics is a thing of considerable beauty. It yet finds an increasing tendency on the part of those trained in its discipline to rebel from its neatly fitted abstractions and intriguing diagrams. The rebellion stems from two sources. Veblen's sweeping attacks upon its postulates16 shock its theoretical foundations. The rapid changes in the industrial and business world discredited it on another front by bringing into increasingly sharp relief the divergence between the institutional assumptions of the orthodox theory and the conditions actually obtaining. The giant corporation, overhead costs, and the necessity for maintenance of volume, industrial concentration, the trade association, a widening spread among income classes, advertising, the growing inability of the consumer to gauge quality, the resort to reorganization instead of the “going out of business” of the long-run analyses – what place could the orthodox theory give to these important characteristics of the existing business economy?

Details

Wisconsin, Labor, Income, and Institutions: Contributions from Commons and Bronfenbrenner
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0743-4154(2011)000029C009
ISBN: 978-1-78052-010-0

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Book part
Publication date: 5 July 2005

EXCHANGE, DEMAND AND THE MARKET-PRICE OF PRODUCTION: RECONCILING TRADITIONAL AND MONETARY APPROACHES TO VALUE AND PRICE

David Kristjanson-Gural

This paper seeks to reconcile two very different views existing in the literature concerning how exchange and demand affect the magnitude of commodity values…

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Abstract

This paper seeks to reconcile two very different views existing in the literature concerning how exchange and demand affect the magnitude of commodity values. Traditionally, value is considered to be created in production and subsequently realized in exchange. An alternative monetary approach posits that exchange itself contributes to the determination of commodity values. Proponents of each view claim that significant parts of Marx’s theory of value are compromised if their interpretation of the role of exchange is not adopted. Drawing on the work of Rosdolsky and Roberts, I argue that it is necessary to distinguish between the effects of exchange and demand. Exchange acts to reduce concrete, private labor to abstract social labor, while demand affects the magnitude of labor considered “socially necessary” in the sense of being expended in accordance with existing social need. I identify a new category of exchange value – the market-price of production – and use it to explain how changes in demand act to redistribute value across industries by affecting the magnitude of abstract labor considered to be socially necessary. In this way the major claim of the two approaches to exchange are reconciled. The magnitude of value is fully determined in production. At the same time monetary exchange effects, or brings about, a social division of labor by reducing concrete, private labor to abstract social labor and by distributing value according to social need as expressed by effective demand.

Details

The Capitalist State and Its Economy: Democracy in Socialism
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-7230(04)22006-5
ISBN: 978-0-76231-176-7

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Book part
Publication date: 5 July 2005

QUANTIFYING ABSTRACT LABOR: “ALIQUOT PART” REASONING IN MARX’S VALUE THEORY

Bruce Roberts

Building on an analysis of values and prices in the context of explicitly heterogeneous concrete labors, this paper formally examines Marx’s repeated imagery of capitalist…

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Abstract

Building on an analysis of values and prices in the context of explicitly heterogeneous concrete labors, this paper formally examines Marx’s repeated imagery of capitalist competition as a process of “sharing” among “hostile brothers,” each a “shareholder” in a “social enterprise” in which particular commodities and capitals appear as “aliquot parts of the whole.” Approaching each commodity as it appears in competition – as the product of an aliquot part of the aggregate inputs to production – allows several conclusions. First, value-price transformation is equivalent to a transformation of actual production conditions (on the basis of which the social labor contained in the commodity is its value) into socially average or aliquot part production conditions (on the basis of which the social labor contained in the commodity is its production price). Second, price formation (“gravitational” adjustment to levels expressing equivalence) is the same thing as the formation of abstract labor as the homogeneous unit of measure for the labor content of commodities. Each is an aspect of a single process that simultaneously commensurates use-values as market equivalents and commensurates concrete labors as abstract labor, so that equivalents in exchange do indeed “contain” equal amounts of abstract labor. Third, concerning commodity fetishism and the “illusions” of competition, the social content of particular magnitudes becomes visible when each is represented as a “bearer” of crucial characteristics of the aggregate that have been projected onto its parts, so that what initially appears as separate, particular and individual is simultaneously connected, general, and social.

Details

The Capitalist State and Its Economy: Democracy in Socialism
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-7230(04)22005-3
ISBN: 978-0-76231-176-7

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Book part
Publication date: 10 November 2010

Service-Dominant Logic

Stephen L. Vargo, Robert F. Lusch, Melissa Archpru Akaka and Yi He

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Review of Marketing Research
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1548-6435(2009)0000006010
ISBN: 978-0-85724-728-5

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Article
Publication date: 23 August 2011

Mapping B2B value exchange in marketing relationships: a systematic approach

Amir Albadvi and Monireh Hosseini

This paper's main purpose is to provide a systematic approach for mapping the value exchange in B2B relationship marketing. This approach affords a preliminary analysis in…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper's main purpose is to provide a systematic approach for mapping the value exchange in B2B relationship marketing. This approach affords a preliminary analysis in order to distinguish business customers' different value dimensions (tangibles and intangibles) and to set sights on determining suitable metrics to evaluate and quantify the value of each customer.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a combination of qualitative research approaches, namely an exploratory case study, in‐depth interviews, and consensus expert opinion. The empirical study took place over three months to maximize the proposed approach's expediency in the practitioners' B2B environment and to increase the validity of the research findings.

Findings

In addition to developing a new framework originating in the value network approach for mapping, modeling and analyzing business customers' value network (BCVN), the findings posit a proposed systematic approach for practitioners and marketing scholars to scrutinize the multi‐dimension values of business relationship marketing.

Practical implications

For companies and their business customers alike, the benefits of the systematic approach proposed in this paper are an efficient analytical system giving an opportunity to B2B marketers and managers to understand their business customers' network in detail.

Originality/value

The implicit concept of maximizing customer lifetime value within the business customers' network appeals for an applied approach to better understand and analyze the real value of business customers to retain them.

Details

Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 26 no. 7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/08858621111162307
ISSN: 0885-8624

Keywords

  • Business‐to‐business marketing
  • Business customers' value network
  • Automotive components industry
  • Customer lifetime value
  • Systematic approach

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Article
Publication date: 6 February 2007

Functional/dysfunctional supply chain exchanges

Beth Davis‐Sramek, Brian S. Fugate and Ayman Omar

The purpose of this paper is to propose a means‐end value chain framework to understand two supply chain party's values by presenting a value‐matching framework.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a means‐end value chain framework to understand two supply chain party's values by presenting a value‐matching framework.

Design/methodology/approach

Using means end theory, qualitative data from third party logistics (3PL) providers and manufacturers were used to construct means end value hierarchies to demonstrate how values between buyers and sellers can be mismatched.

Findings

In comparing the responses from the 3PLs and manufacturers, examples were found of exchange‐specific value matches and exchange‐specific value mismatches. The analysis showed that the 3PL managers interviewed were seeking to provide the value of being “market‐driven” (refers to a reactive business logic, which favors incremental adjustments to changes in the business environment), while the manufacturers desired their 3PLs to be “market‐driving” (refers to innovative business logic by providing break‐through ideas, practices and processes).

Research limitations/implications

This research focuses more attention on an important objective of the marketing concept often overlooked in the business‐to‐business relationship literature: fulfilling the local firm's needs. This paper extends the use of the MEVHM and expands its applicability beyond understanding the focal firm's values to all exchange parties, including suppliers, third parties and cooperative alignments with competitors. Additionally, this paper contributes to the literature by suggesting that exchange values are a type of value important in achieving functional exchanges, and the concept of “value matching”.

Practical implications

Applying the MEVHM to both the focal firm and their supply chain exchange party provides a decision analysis tool for the management of exchanges. Additionally, this paper's model can be a guiding mechanism for managers to assist in the exchange party search and selection process.

Originality/value

The literature and the qualitative study suggest that the MEVHM could be a useful tool in understanding supply chain partners. However, this should be performed while fulfilling the firm's need (e.g. at a profit). In order for a focal firm to fulfill these needs from a particular exchange, it must understand the value it desires from that exchange. Not only is the MEVHM applicable to gain understanding of the exchange party's values of a particular exchange, but it is also an appropriate tool to gain understanding of the focal firm's exchange values.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 37 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030710723318
ISSN: 0960-0035

Keywords

  • Supply chain management
  • Value chain
  • Buyer‐seller relationships

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Article
Publication date: 4 March 2014

Value appropriation in business exchange – literature review and future research opportunities

Chris Ellegaard, Christopher J. Medlin and Jens Geersbro

Value appropriation is a central, yet neglected aspect in business exchange research. The purpose of the paper is to generate an overview of research on active value…

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Purpose

Value appropriation is a central, yet neglected aspect in business exchange research. The purpose of the paper is to generate an overview of research on active value appropriation in business exchange and provide the foundation for further research into value appropriation, as well as some initial guidance for managers.

Design/methodology/approach

Literatures investigating value appropriation were identified by the means of a systematic review of the overall management literature.

Findings

The authors provide an overview and comparison of the literatures and find that they apply diverse understandings of the value appropriation process and emphasize different mechanisms and outcomes of value appropriation.

Research limitations/implications

Based on the literature comparison and discussion, in combination with inspiration from alternative business exchange literature, the authors propose four areas with high potential for future research into value appropriation: network position effects, appropriation acts and behaviors, buyer-seller relationship effects, and appropriation over time.

Practical implications

Boundary spanning managers acting in industrial markets must master the difficult balance between value creation and appropriation. This review has provided an overview of the many managerial options for value appropriation and created knowledge on the effects of the various appropriation mechanisms enabling managers to secure company rents while not jeopardizing value creation.

Originality/value

To the authors' knowledge, this paper represents the first attempt at reviewing the management literature on value appropriation in business exchange. The authors provide overview, details, comparisons, and frame a research agenda as a first step towards establishing value appropriation as a key phenomenon in business exchange research.

Details

Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 29 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-03-2012-0039
ISSN: 0885-8624

Keywords

  • Value
  • Research agenda
  • Value creation
  • Literature review
  • Business exchange
  • Value appropriation

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Book part
Publication date: 25 June 2012

An Exploration of Networks in Value Cocreation: A Service-Ecosystems View

Melissa Archpru Akaka, Stephen L. Vargo and Robert F. Lusch

Purpose – The purpose of this essay is to explore further the concept of value cocreation from a service-ecosystems view, by considering the importance of networks and the…

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Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this essay is to explore further the concept of value cocreation from a service-ecosystems view, by considering the importance of networks and the configuration of relationships and resources in markets.

Methodology/approach – We use a conceptual approach to extend a service-dominant (S-D) logic, ecosystems view of value cocreation by drawing on the literature regarding networks in marketing and related research.

Findings – A service-ecosystems approach to cocreating value-in-context is proposed, which points toward networks as mediating factors in value cocreation because they influence the ability to access, adapt, and integrate resources by establishing exchange relationships and shaping the social contexts through which value is experienced.

Research implications – This research suggests that value cocreation is a complex and multidimensional process that is best studied in the context of dynamic networks or ecosystems of service exchange.

Practical implications – This research suggests that networks mediate value cocreation, and thus, firms should consider the configurations of relationships and resources to develop more compelling value propositions.

Social implications – This research draws on the idea that exchange relationships are embedded within society and suggests that processes of value cocreation not only draw on but also contribute to the social contexts that frame market exchange.

Originality/value of essay – This research extends the value cocreation and S-D logic literature by exploring the role of networks in service ecosystems. In this framework, networks are mediators of value cocreation because they enable access to resources and help to (re)shape social contexts through which value is derived.

Details

Special Issue – Toward a Better Understanding of the Role of Value in Markets and Marketing
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1548-6435(2012)0000009006
ISBN: 978-1-78052-913-4

Keywords

  • Value cocreation
  • service-dominant logic
  • S-D logic
  • service ecosystems
  • networks

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