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The researchers aim to investigate how students can be deterred from cheating, whether legal or ethical policies and procedures are effective and whether there are gender differences.

Using data on students undertaking midterm and final e-examinations, as well as a control group of students who were caught cheating in an online mid-semester examination, the authors attempt to answer the research questions.

No differences were found in cheating in terms of students’ gender or whether they were repeating a course or not. However, the study revealed that if there are more internal controls imposed and if before the examination students are made to reinforce their academic integrity, e-examination cheating is reduced.

No other published study was carried out with students who were involved in cheating.

As health care organizations seek innovative ways to change financing and delivery mechanisms due to escalated health care costs and increased competition, drastic changes are being sought in the form of re‐engineering. This study discusses the leader's role of re‐engineering in health care. It specifically addresses the reasons for failures in re‐engineering and argues that success depends on senior level leaders playing a critical role. Existing studies lack comprehensiveness in establishing models of re‐engineering and management guidelines. This research focuses on integrating re‐engineering and leadership processes in health care by creating a step‐by‐step model. Particularly, it illustrates the four Es: Examination, Establishment, Execution and Evaluation, as a comprehensive re‐engineering process that combines managerial roles and activities to result in successfully changed and reengineered health care organizations.

At the annual general meeting of British Messier Ltd., held on July 24, 1953, it was announced that the Rt. Hon. The Lord Hives, C.H., M.B.E., D.Sc., had tendered his resignation from the Board to take effect from that date. Mr W. T. Gill has consented to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Lord Hives. The British Messier Board now consists of the following: Sir W. Reginald Vcrdon Smith, Mr W. T. Gill, Lt.‐Gen. Sir John Evctts, Mr L. S. Armandias, Mr H. G. Conway.

Purpose: The death of a child can elicit enduring and intense parental grief. Additionally, as parents are both confronted with the loss of their child, interpersonal processes come into play. This study aimed to examine the change in reported levels of grief among bereaved parents individually and at a couple-level. The authors examined the differences in grief trajectories between mothers and fathers and whether the reported level of grief of one partner predicts the other partner’s reported level of grief.

Design/methodology/approach: Our longitudinal study included 229 bereaved couples who completed the Inventory of Complicated Grief at 6, 13, and 20 months post-loss.

Findings: A latent growth curve analysis showed that parents reported consistently high average grief levels, mothers reported higher grief levels than fathers, and all parents reported a similar small decline in grief. A cross-lagged panel analysis showed that the grief of one parent affected the grief of the other parent with similar strength. Our results held regardless of the child’s gender and age, but an expected loss was associated with a lower grief level 6 months post-loss and a smaller decline in reported levels of grief.

Originality/value: These findings highlight bereaved parents as a particularly vulnerable population, increase our understanding of change in parental grief over time and of the interdependence of grieving in bereaved couples.

Local Government is in the process of dynamic change. In April, May and June 1973 new County Councils, new metropolitan district councils and non metropolitan district councils will be elected. On 1 April 1974 the present local authorities will be liquidated and their functions transferred to the new councils and to the health and water authorities. Currently the central government departments are in consultation with local authorities about the provisions for the constitution of the new authorities and the transfer of staff and properties. Joint Committees have already been formed by constituent authorities to plan for the many changes which will require new management structures, the redeployment of staff, the preparation of detailed stablishment, the determination of training needs, accommodation needs and the recreation of the web of communication that keeps a big complex in good heart.

The use of synthetic resins as adhesives for metals or other non‐porous materials, in which there is increasing interest for structural and production reasons, imposes certain restrictions on the components bonded and the type of joint used. In the following paper the general points applicable to adhesive joints are first considered. A large number of strength measurements on simple light alloy lap joints made with ‘Araldite’ by the Eidg. Materialprüfungs und Versuchsanstalt (E.M.P.A.) are used to analyse the manner in which the breaking load under tensile shear loading depends on the geometry of the test specimen. It can be shown that in this special case, which is however of importance in practice, there is an optimum utilization both of the adhesive and of the metal, whose yield point determines the choice of sheet thickness and overlap. The use of synthetic resins as adhesives for metals and other non‐porous materials opens up numerous new developments and possibilities in a whole range of industries. Although comparatively new it has already found many practical applications which steadily increase.

In the Annual Report of the General Purposes Committee of the Middlesex County Council for the year ending March 31, 1909, it is stated that inquiries were made as to the action taken under the Dairies, Cowsheds, and Milkshops Orders of 1885 and 1899 by the thirty‐six district councils in the county, the object of such action being the detection of cows suffering from tuberculosis of the udder. It might be thought that by this time the necessity for putting these orders into force had been thoroughly proved. The Royal Commission on Tuberculosis made a definite statement to the effect that milk derived from tuberculous cattle is one of the principal causes of tubercular disease in the human subject, and, apparently there seems to be some disposition on the part of local authorities to make tuberculosis notifiable. The Public Health (Tuberculosis) Regulations, 1908, which came into force at the beginning of 1909, require that all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis are to be notified to the sanitary authority if the patients are receiving treatment from the Poor Law medical officers. Large sums are spent every year throughout the country on the upkeep of sanatoria with the object of curing cases of tubercle, if possible, but, in any case, of alleviating the sufferings of those afflicted with tuberculosis. On all sides, in fact, it is now recognised that the most energetic measures are necessary in order to combat this terrible disease. It appears from the figures given in the Report referred to that in twenty‐three out of the thirty‐six districts. “No veterinary examinations of cows were made on behalf of the local authorities!” The statement is not made the subject of comment, but we hardly think that the county authorities can regard the results of their enquiry as satisfactory. The Report was apparently presented to the County Council on July 22 last, so that up to that time, at least, it would seem that these twenty‐three districts, in a county with about one million inhabitants, are governed, so far as sanitary matters go, by people who consider themselves qualified to hold opinions diametrically opposed to those held by experts and based on the best scientific evidence at present available.

The author examines the history of the part III examination of the Institution of Electrical Engineers in its role as one entry to the profession of electrical engineering, and points out serious defects.

‘THERE'S NO DOUBT that seamen love to read a good book, especially an adventure story,’ said Mrs Murial Rossiter, deputy librarian at Mansbridge House, Balham. ‘In an average day we dispatch 1300 books to ships all over the world.’

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