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Article
Publication date: 22 February 2024

Peter O’Connor

Emphasizing the critical role of technology-enabled distribution in tourism, this study, a viewpoint, aims to highlight the potential of democratized technologies in readdressing…

Abstract

Purpose

Emphasizing the critical role of technology-enabled distribution in tourism, this study, a viewpoint, aims to highlight the potential of democratized technologies in readdressing the competitive imbalance between small- and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs) and their larger peers in today’s online marketplace. By enhancing competitiveness and performance, democratized technologies can strengthen the resilience, sustainability and competitive position of the SMTEs on which tourism depends, helping to support the Horizon 2050 agenda and UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

Design/methodology/approach

Examining the development of online and electronic distribution in tourism, the viewpoint identifies the key challenges to the successful use of technology-based distribution systems by SMTEs, as well as highlights the trend toward democratized technologies as a potential solution to help improve technology take-up and performance.

Findings

With no/low initial capital or operating costs, and little need for technical expertise, democratized technologies have the potential to overcome two of the three key challenges limiting the successful adoption and use of distribution technologies by SMTES. The key blockage remains one of managerial awareness and acceptability. With informal organization structures, little managerial or technical training and an ingrained reluctance to change, SMTE managers remain unfamiliar of the possibilities offered by this developing trend. While this challenge could be addressed by awareness building and training, in the longer run, it is likely that more substantial progress will arise from generational change in SMTE management, with digitally native successors more likely to exploit this development to improve competitiveness and performance.

Originality/value

Emphasizing the pivotal role that democratized technology can potentially play in redressing the competitive imbalance between SMTEs and their larger peers in the distribution space, this viewpoint serves as a call for action for tourism businesses to re-examine their approach to technology adoption and leverage democratized technologies to address current deficiencies in their distribution approach, helping to improve competitiveness and performance, thus supporting the Horizon 2050 initiative and furthering the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

目标

这篇观点论文强调了技术驱动的分销在旅游业中的关键作用, 强调了民主化技术在重新解决中小旅游企业(SMTEs)与其大型同行在当今在线市场中的竞争失衡方面的潜力。通过提高竞争力和绩效, 民主化技术可以加强旅游业所依赖的SMTE的韧性、可持续性和竞争地位, 有助于支持地平线2050议程和联合国可持续发展目标。

设计/方法

该观点论文考察了在线和电子分销在旅游业的发展, 确定了SMTE成功使用基于技术的分销系统的关键挑战, 并强调了将民主化技术作为帮助提高技术使用率和性能的潜在解决方案的趋势。

研究结果

由于没有/较低的初始资本或运营成本, 也几乎不需要技术专业知识, 民主化技术有可能克服限制SMTES成功采用和使用分销技术的三个关键挑战中的两个。关键的障碍仍然是管理意识和可接受性。由于非正式的组织结构、很少的管理或技术培训以及根深蒂固的不愿改变, SMTE的管理人员仍然不熟悉这一发展趋势所提供的可能性。虽然这一挑战可以通过提高认识和培训来解决, 但从长远来看, SMTE管理的代际变革可能会带来更大的进展, 数字原生继任者更有可能利用这一发展来提高竞争力和绩效。

创意/价值

强调民主化技术在纠正SMTE与其在分销领域的大型同行之间的竞争失衡方面可能发挥的关键作用, 本文呼吁旅游企业采取行动, 重新审视其采用技术的方法, 并利用民主化技术来解决其分销方法中的当前缺陷, 帮助提高竞争力和绩效, 从而支持地平线2050倡议, 推动联合国的可持续发展目标。

Objetivo

Haciendo hincapié en el papel fundamental de la distribución posibilitada por la tecnología en el turismo, este punto de vista destaca el potencial de las tecnologías democratizadas para corregir el desequilibrio competitivo entre las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas Turísticas (PYMETs) y sus homólogas de mayor tamaño en el mercado online actual. Al mejorar la competitividad y el rendimiento, las tecnologías democratizadas pueden reforzar la resistencia, la sostenibilidad y la posición competitiva de las PYMETS de las que depende el turismo, contribuyendo así a apoyar la agenda Horizonte 2050 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Examinando el desarrollo de la distribución online y electrónica en el turismo, el punto de vista identifica los desafíos clave para el uso exitoso de los sistemas de distribución basados en la tecnología por parte de las PYMETs, así como destaca la tendencia hacia las tecnologías democratizadas como una solución potencial para ayudar a mejorar la adopción y el rendimiento de la tecnología.

Resultados

Con unos costes iniciales de capital o de funcionamiento nulos o bajos, y poca necesidad de conocimientos técnicos, las tecnologías democratizadas tienen el potencial de superar dos de los tres retos clave que limitan la adopción y el uso con éxito de las tecnologías de distribución por parte de las PYMETs. El bloqueo clave permanece en la concienciación y la aceptación por parte de los directivos. Con estructuras organizativas informales, escasa formación técnica o de gestión y una arraigada reticencia al cambio, los directivos de las PYMETs permanecen desconocedores de las posibilidades que ofrece esta tendencia en desarrollo. Aunque este reto podría abordarse mediante la concienciación y la formación, a largo plazo es probable que surjan progresos más sustanciales del cambio generacional en la gestión de las PYMETs, con sucesores nativos digitales más propensos a explotar este desarrollo para mejorar la competitividad y el rendimiento.

Originalidad/valor

Haciendo especial hincapié en el potencial y fundamental papel que la tecnología democratizada puede desempeñar a la hora de corregir el desequilibrio competitivo entre las PYMETs y sus homólogas de mayor tamaño en el espacio de la distribución, este punto de vista sirve de llamada a la acción para que las empresas turísticas reexaminen su enfoque de la adopción de tecnología y aprovechen las tecnologías democratizadas para subsanar las deficiencias actuales en su enfoque de la distribución, ayudando a mejorar la competitividad y el rendimiento, apoyando así la iniciativa Horizonte 2050 y fomentando los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU.

Article
Publication date: 26 December 2023

Yan Li, Ming K. Lim, Weiqing Xiong, Xingjun Huang, Yuhe Shi and Songyi Wang

Recently, electric vehicles have been widely used in the cold chain logistics sector to reduce the effects of excessive energy consumption and to support environmental…

Abstract

Purpose

Recently, electric vehicles have been widely used in the cold chain logistics sector to reduce the effects of excessive energy consumption and to support environmental friendliness. Considering the limited battery capacity of electric vehicles, it is vital to optimize battery charging during the distribution process.

Design/methodology/approach

This study establishes an electric vehicle routing model for cold chain logistics with charging stations, which will integrate multiple distribution centers to achieve sustainable logistics. The suggested optimization model aimed at minimizing the overall cost of cold chain logistics, which incorporates fixed, damage, refrigeration, penalty, queuing, energy and carbon emission costs. In addition, the proposed model takes into accounts factors such as time-varying speed, time-varying electricity price, energy consumption and queuing at the charging station. In the proposed model, a hybrid crow search algorithm (CSA), which combines opposition-based learning (OBL) and taboo search (TS), is developed for optimization purposes. To evaluate the model, algorithms and model experiments are conducted based on a real case in Chongqing, China.

Findings

The result of algorithm experiments illustrate that hybrid CSA is effective in terms of both solution quality and speed compared to genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). In addition, the model experiments highlight the benefits of joint distribution over individual distribution in reducing costs and carbon emissions.

Research limitations/implications

The optimization model of cold chain logistics routes based on electric vehicles provides a reference for managers to develop distribution plans, which contributes to the development of sustainable logistics.

Originality/value

In prior studies, many scholars have conducted related research on the subject of cold chain logistics vehicle routing problems and electric vehicle routing problems separately, but few have merged the above two subjects. In response, this study innovatively designs an electric vehicle routing model for cold chain logistics with consideration of time-varying speeds, time-varying electricity prices, energy consumption and queues at charging stations to make it consistent with the real world.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 124 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1988

David Carter and David Turner

Over the last few years, distribution developments in non‐food have been considerable. Centralisation and contract distribution have gained favour, and an increasing number of…

Abstract

Over the last few years, distribution developments in non‐food have been considerable. Centralisation and contract distribution have gained favour, and an increasing number of companies are re‐appraising their choice of distribution channels and systems. Just as in food, distribution systems are having to be changed to meet the demands of the consumer.

Details

Retail and Distribution Management, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-2363

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1975

Graham Buxton and Let Lee

One of the basic problems hindering effective implementation of the physical distribution management (PDM) concept in many companies today is organisational rigidity. By this is…

Abstract

One of the basic problems hindering effective implementation of the physical distribution management (PDM) concept in many companies today is organisational rigidity. By this is meant the inability and unwillingness of management to respond to the changing demands of new concepts and new techniques inherent in the successful adoption of PDM in existing corporate organisations. This rigidity manifests itself in two related ways: firstly, in the relationships structure within an organisation, and the place of physical distribution relative to other functional areas in management, such as marketing, production, finance, etc., and secondly, in the characteristics of distribution executives and their perceived role within an organisation.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution, vol. 5 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0020-7527

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1974

John J. Withey

Physical distribution organisations may be defined as organisational units whose duty is to administer economic activities that impact upon the flow of finished goods between…

Abstract

Physical distribution organisations may be defined as organisational units whose duty is to administer economic activities that impact upon the flow of finished goods between points of production and consumption. Physical distribution components occupy a unique role in the organisation. Their mission has been defined as “getting the right assortment of materials to the right location in an efficient manner timely to marketing and manufacturing requirements”. To accomplish this mission there must be continual interaction between suppliers of materials and receivers of materials. Material suppliers can be thought of as the rest of the organisation of which the physical distribution component is a part, primarily the production or manufacturing component. Receivers of materials are the organisation's customers or distribution points. The physical distribution organisation, by virtue of the activities it performs, must deal with both the internal suppliers and the external receivers.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution, vol. 4 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0020-7527

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1972

Richard Lancioni and John Grashof

The physical distribution function of a firm is a complex process. It consists of all the activities involved in the flow of goods from the raw material supplier to the final…

Abstract

The physical distribution function of a firm is a complex process. It consists of all the activities involved in the flow of goods from the raw material supplier to the final consumer and incorporates the major activity centres of purchasing, warehousing, transportation, order processing, and inventory control. The goal of a firm's distribution operation is to insure that established customer service levels are achieved at a minimum total cost.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0020-7527

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 5 December 2016

Sang Sup Cho

This study aims to estimate the firm size distributions that belong to the service sector and manufacturing sector in Korea.

3939

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to estimate the firm size distributions that belong to the service sector and manufacturing sector in Korea.

Design/methodology/approach

When estimating the firm size distribution, the author considers the following two major factors. First, the firm size distribution can have a gamma distribution rather than traditional accepted distributions such as Pareto distribution or log-normal distribution. In particular, industry-specific enterprises can have different size distributions of the type of gamma distribution. Second, the firm size distribution that is applied to this study’s data set should reflect a number of factors. For example, estimating mixture gamma distribution for firm size distribution should be required and compared, because the total amount of configuration data is composed of small businesses, medium-sized and large companies.

Findings

Using 8,230 number of firm data in 2013, the author estimates mixture gamma distribution for the firm size.

Originality/value

From the comparison, empirical results are found for the following characteristics of core firm size distribution: first, the firm size distribution of the manufacturing sector has a longer tail than firm size distribution of the service sector. Second, the manufacturing firm size distribution dominates the entire country firm size distribution. Third, one factor among the three factors that make up the mixed gamma firm size distribution is described for 99 per cent of the firm size distributions. From the estimated firm size distributions of the service sector and manufacturing sector in Korea, the author simply implies the strategy and policy implications for the start-up firm.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2071-1395

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1993

Ming‐C. Cheng and Rambabu Chennupati

The concept of the evolution of the distribution function is used to derive an energy‐scale distribution that is able to describe transport phenomena, including inter‐valley…

Abstract

The concept of the evolution of the distribution function is used to derive an energy‐scale distribution that is able to describe transport phenomena, including inter‐valley transfer effect, in the scale as small as the energy relaxation time. The energy‐scale distribution is used to study the evolution of electrons in n‐type GaAs under the influence of rapid change in field. Results indicate that, near the peak of strong velocity overshoot or the bottom of pronounced undershoot in the Γ valley caused by the rapid change in field, the energy‐scale distribution can not respond as fast as the distribution function calculated from the Monte Carlo method. The average velocity resulting from the energy‐scale distribution therefore leads to less pronounced overshoot and undershoot than those obtained from the Monte Carlo method. However, since velocity overshoot and undershoot are not pronounced in the L‐valleys, the L‐valley energy‐scale distribution is in excellent agreement with that determined by the Monte carlo simulation.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1990

D.J. SLOTTJE and MICHAEL NIESWIADOMY

The lack of a satisfactory theory of personal income distribution is a problem that economists have pondered for most of the twentieth century. In 1912 Irving Fisher wrote:

Abstract

The lack of a satisfactory theory of personal income distribution is a problem that economists have pondered for most of the twentieth century. In 1912 Irving Fisher wrote:

Details

Studies in Economics and Finance, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1086-7376

Article
Publication date: 6 September 2011

Muhammad Aslam, Abdur Razzaque Mughal and Munir Ahmad

The purpose of this paper is to propose the group acceptance sampling plans for when the lifetime of the submitted product follows the Pareto distribution.

881

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose the group acceptance sampling plans for when the lifetime of the submitted product follows the Pareto distribution.

Design/methodology/approach

The single‐point approach (only consumer's risk) is used to find the plan parameter of the proposed plan for specified values of consumer's risk, producer's risk, acceptance number, number of testers and experiment time.

Findings

Tables are constructed using the Poisson and the weighted Poisson distribution. Extensive tables are provided for practical use.

Research limitations/implications

The tables in this paper can be used only when the lifetime of a product follows the Pareto distribution of 2nd kind.

Practical implications

The result can be used to test the product to save cost and time of the experiment. The use of the weighted Poisson distribution provides the less group size (sample size) as than the plans in the literature.

Social implications

By implementing the proposed plan, the experiment cost can be minimized.

Originality/value

The novelty of this paper is that Poisson and the weighted Poisson distributions are used to find the plan parameter of the proposed plan instead of the binomial distribution when the lifetime of submitted product follows the Pareto distribution of 2nd kind.

Details

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 28 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-671X

Keywords

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