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The human and technology have integrated, and distinctive characteristics of different societies have intertwined with technology. Thus, technology constitutes the reflection of the society, where it exists, in economic, social, and political domains. The desires, expectations, and needs of people have affected the change of technology in time. This effect contains different domains in itself. Life has changed since the 1980s under the leadership of means of informatics, and following the 1990s, internet technology have opened the doors of an informatics era whose effect is being highly sensed today. In addition to its importance, it creates significant changes and effects on individuals, society, culture, and other domains. When significant changes in technology and digitalization have combined with the globalization of information and communication, the resulting problems have begun to spread faster.

In this study, which was performed for examining the digital conflicts arising in business infrastructure, literature was reviewed thoroughly. In the first part of the study, the conceptual framework of business infrastructure was examined and tried to be clarified. Moreover, it was intended to convey the commencement of the technologies used, and their following processes. Then, it was urged upon clarifications regarding business processes and digitalization of business processes, and by referring to the implementations of technologies – used in business processes – in the domain of digitalization, structural examinations were conveyed from the literature. Finally, the issues of digital conflicts and cyber security occurring in business infrastructure, which are being expressed as more prominent factors, were clarified.

This chapter is aimed at proving that digital competition is widespread, and the unequal distribution of technologies in entrepreneurship leads to business conflicts. Official Russian and international statistical data for 2021 is used. The variation analysis method is used to reveal differences in the level of digital development of enterprises from various sectors of the Russian economy, as well as differences in the level of digital development of enterprises throughout the world. The contribution of this chapter to the literature consists of the development of the Conflict Theory through the identification of business conflicts in digital competition as a particular type of business conflict, which is characterized by an unequal distribution of technologies in entrepreneurship. The novel nature of the chapter lies in the fact that it has for the first time systematized the factors of unequal distribution of technologies in entrepreneurship. The authors’ classification of business conflicts in digital competition in entrepreneurship according to their determining factors has been put forward. The essence has been clarified and the cause-and-effect relations of business conflicts in digital competition in entrepreneurship have been identified. Recommendations have been developed for the management of business conflicts in digital competition in entrepreneurship, taking into account their peculiarities.

Digitalization has a profound impact on economies as a whole, and on sectors, businesses, and daily life. Digitalization is possible through development of a variety of digital technologies which led to creation of digital products and services in almost every sector. Almost all sectors benefit from digital technologies; however, there are also challenges about digitalization which encounters conflicts. These conflicts are either macro-level or related to digitalization of business processes. With efficient functioning of governmental policies, macro-level conflicts could be diminished or prevented. Conflicts arising from business process could be avoided by improvement of business relations.

Businesses have a vast interaction and communication network within economic, sectoral, legal, and cyber systems. This business network shapes their relationships with other businesses which are their stakeholders. Advances and innovations in the digital world are utilized as a tool of conflict for excessive and unfair competition, market penetration, internationalization, sustainability, or having a strategic edge over rivals. Concepts popularized by the pandemic such as virtualization, virtual markets, social media, virtual advertising, and other cyber/digital factors have accelerated and intensified competition between businesses. Within this process, businesses experience intense conflicts stemming from such competition. This would impact businesses' strategies aimed at conflict in the postpandemic period. After the pandemic, businesses can implement strategies of cooperation, show of force, compromise, avoidance, and problem-solving in conflicts. Businesses can also adopt increasing performance and productivity, resolving problems as quickly as possible, developing mutual relationships with other businesses and establishing an environment of trust as principles in a conflict.

Digitalization has become more central in organizations than ever before. Traditionally, organizations were places where employees spent most of their time. With digital organizations, working life has become flexible in terms of time and space, and the way of doing work has changed radically. While it has become difficult for employees to keep up with technological change and transformation, various digital conflicts related to technology have emerged within the organizations. This chapter deals with digital conflicts that occur in digital organizations. Digital conflicts could affect both the efficiency of organizations and the attitudes and perceptions of employees toward the organization. However, studies on the understanding of digital conflict management in digital organizations are quite limited. In this chapter, therefore, the causes and organizational consequences of digital conflicts in terms of organizational behavior are reviewed. The study indicates that digitalization, which is expected to increase workplace effectiveness and efficiency, could lead to destructive conflicts if not managed well, reducing socialization and job satisfaction of employees. The study also has shown that a well-managed digitalization process could increase efficiency and productivity for digital organizations and could increase job satisfaction by providing flexibility to employees. The chapter ends with suggestions for digital organizations to manage digital conflict management successfully.

This paper aims to examine the emergence of digital entrepreneurship in a conflict environment to explore the emancipatory potential of digital technology in a rare context. The purpose of this paper is to take a micro-level investigation of digital entrepreneurs operating in a violent in-conflict area.

The analysis is based on multiple case studies from a violent conflict zone in India. This study used interview data from 10 digital entrepreneurs from the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Field data was collected with progressive rounds of interviews with the entrepreneurs, supplemented by published statistics and secondary data sources, and analysis was done with the help of qualitative data analysis software NVivo.

The context directed entrepreneurial behaviour and the motivation to start digital ventures. Entrepreneurs realized the potential of technology but its successful use was contingent upon their social positionalities. The digital entrepreneurial engagement of the entrepreneurs is classified into four dimensions: social digital entrepreneurship; business entrepreneurship; knowledge entrepreneurship; and institutional entrepreneurship.

The findings of the study contribute to the digital entrepreneurship literature by illustrating how a rare context influences venturing into technology sectors. The study advances the creative technology use, these in-conflict entrepreneurs with their existing resources maneuvered to create socially ingrained digital ventures. The study provides evidence to “conditional emancipation” attributable to digital entrepreneurship owing to the conflictual context in question.