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This paper aims to examine the uniform diffracted fields from a perfectly magnetic conductive (PMC) surface with the extended theory of boundary diffraction wave (BDW) approach.

Miyamoto and Wolf’s symbolic expression of the vector potential was used in the extended theory of BDW integral. This vector potential is applied to the problem, and the nonuniform field expression found was made uniform. Here, the expression is made uniform, using the detour parameter with the help of the asymptotic correlation of the Fresnel function. The BDW theory for the PMC surface extended the diffracted fields, and the uniform diffracted fields were calculated.

The field expressions obtained were interpreted with the graphs numerically for different aperture radii and observation distances. It has been shown that the BDW is continuous behind the diffracting aperture. There does not exist any discontinuity at the geometrically light-to-shadow transition boundary, as is required by the theory.

The results were graphically compared with diffracted fields for other surfaces. As far as we know, the uniform diffracted fields from the circular aperture on a PMC surface were calculated for the first time with the extended theory of the BDW approach.

The focus of this chapter is quantum dialectical storytelling and its contribution to generate anticipatory knowledge of the future through the intra-play between the ante-narrative and the anti-narrative. The theoretical framework on quantum dialectical storytelling is based upon Boje’s triad storytelling framework interfused with Hegelian dialectics and Baradian diffraction. Through the inspiration of Judith Butler’s performative theory, Riach, Rumens, and Tyler (2016) introduce the concept of the anti-narrative as a critical reflexive methodology. By drawing on Hegel’s work on the dialectical phenomenology of critical reflexive self-consciousness, a dialectical pre-reflexive and reflexive framework emerges as intra-weaving modes of being-in-the-world toward future.

The purpose of this study is to verify how the carbon doping of the WC-Co cemented carbide (CC) affected their structure before their processing by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technology.

The samples for this experiment were fabricated by selective laser melting technology (SLM) using a YAG fiber laser with a power of P = 40 W and a scanning speed of 83 mm/s. The subsequent carbon doping process was performed in a chamber furnace at 900 0 C for 1, 4 and 12 h. The HIP was performed at 1,390°C and pressures of 40 MPa, 80 MPa and 120 MPa. The changes induced in the structures were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and various microscopic methods.

X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of the samples after SLM consisted of WC, W₂C, Co₄W₂C and Co phases. As a result of the increase in the carbon content in the structure of the samples, the transition carbide W₂C and structural phase Co₄W₂C decayed. Their decay was manifested by the coarsening of the minor alpha phase (WC), which occurred both during the carburizing process and during the subsequent processing using HIP. In the samples in which the structure was carburized prior to HIP, only the structural phases WC and Co were observed in most cases.

The results confirm that it is possible to increase the homogeneity of the CC structure and thus its applicability in practice by additional carburization of the sample structure with subsequent processing by HIP technology.

This paper presents a micrograting‐based force sensor integrated with a surface micromachined silicon‐nitride probe suitable for characterizing microsurgery force on a single cell or embryo. The probe is supported by springs of a known spring constant, and the surgical penetration force is determined from displacement measurements. The optical‐encoder force sensor exhibits configurable sensitivity and dynamic range, allowing monitoring over a wide range of forces. The periodicity of the encoder response can be used for calibration of the injector displacement and to obtain information about the localized elastic properties of the target. We used a force sensor with a measured spring constant of 1.85 N/m for penetration force measurements on Drosophila embryos, and found a penetration force of 52.5 μN (±13.2 percent) and a membrane displacement of 58 μm (±5.2 percent).

In this manuscript the purpose is to present and evaluate the developed non‐destructive method for analysing the phase composition of LTCC Du Pont “Green Tape 951” material fired in the temperature range from 800 to 1,000°C using X‐ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement.

The method uses the crystalline Al2O3 which is already present in the material as an internal standard since its mass fraction was previously found to be constant in the described temperature range.

The results of the non‐destructive analyses and the classical destructive analyses are comparable and the estimated error of the destructive phase analyses and the calculated errors for the non‐destructive phase analyses are of the same order.

The described method can be used also for analysing another type of LTCC material. In this case it is necessary to check whether the mass fraction of any crystalline phase present in the sample is constant in the given temperature range, because only in this case can it be used as an internal standard for a determination of the phase composition.

The non‐destructive method is a fast and easy approach for analysing the fired samples and is also suitable for controlling the phase composition of LTCC materials on 3D complex structures without destroying them, just by using the X‐ray diffraction patterns collected from their surface.

The purpose of this paper is to obtain high-temperature-resistant material with high density and to conduct microstructural investigations of 3D-printed Ni-based alloy 713C specimens.

High-density specimens of Ni-based alloy 713C were obtained by the optimizing selective laser melting (SLM) process parameters and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the occurrence of γ and γ′ phases and the presence of carbides in the SLM-manufactured Ni-based alloy 713C. The analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) studies suggested a preferred 〈100〉 direction orientation and low angle misorientation for the SLM specimens.

The high-density specimens of Ni-based alloy 713C were obtained by the optimized SLM process parameters. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of γ and γ′ phases and carbides in the SLM-manufactured Ni-based alloy 713C. Analysis of EBSD studies suggested a preferred 〈100〉 direction orientation and low angle misorientation for the SLM specimen.

In this study, 3D-printed Ni-based alloy 713C with a high density of 99% was obtained for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge.

This paper aims to generate a review of available techniques to measure Residual Stress (RS) in Ti6Al4V components made by Ti6Al4V.

State of the art; literature review in the field of Residual Stress measurement of Ti6Al4V parts made by selective laser melting (SLM).

Different Residual Stress measurement techniques were detailed, regarding its concept, advantages and limitations. Regarding all researched references, hole drilling (semi destructive) and X-ray diffraction (nondestructive) were the most cited techniques for Residual Stress measurement of Ti6Al4V parts made by SLM.

An extensive analysis of RS measurement techniques for Ti6Al4V parts made by SLM.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the growth dependence of InN on Si substrate with different orientation through RF reactive magnetron sputtering in ambient temperature.

The authors fabricated indium nitride (InN) thin films by radio frequency (RF) sputtering. The InN thin films were deposited on Si (100), Si (110) and Si (111) substrates at room temperature. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the InN films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

X‐ray diffraction results revealed that the wurtzite InN with preferential (101) orientation are deposited. Through the Scherrer structural analysis revealed nanocrystalline structure for InN films grown on Si (110), Si (100) and Si (111) orientation with crystallite size of 42.3, 33.8 and 24.1, respectively. The optical properties of InN layers were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro‐Raman reflectance spectroscopy at room temperature. The observation of the E1(TO), A1(LO), and E2(high) phonon modes of the InN from the IR and Raman results confirmed that the deposited InN thin film has hexagonal structure.

Si (110) surface is not isotropic and it may offer a unique orientation plane for the nitride films which could reduce the defect density and the resulting tensile stress responsible for film cracking. Therefore, it is absolutely worth exploring the growth of InN on Si (110) by using relatively simple and cheap reactive sputtering technique.

To explore the use of power ultrasound as an environmentally friendly heating technology for the pre‐treatment of linen fibres with sodium perborate as the halogen free oxidising agent and to study the impact of this process on its dyeability with reactive dyes.

Exploiting power ultrasound in the wet processes of linen fibres was made in two steps, i.e. ultrasonic pre‐treatment with sodium perborate followed by ultrasonic dyeing with reactive dyes. Therefore, comparative studies between conventional and ultrasonic techniques as well as the different factors that may affect these processes were investigated. The effect of the pre‐treatment on fibre fine structure using X‐ray diffraction technique was also investigated.

The results of the increase of whiteness index indicate that ultrasonic pre‐treatment was better at all studied treatment times and at low temperature. X‐ray diffraction studies on blank, ultrasonically and conventionally pre‐treated linen fibres have shown 70.41, 67.51 and 64.90 per cent crystallinity, respectively. The dyeing of the pre‐treated fibres with Reactive Red 24 was simultaneously carried out under both ultrasonic and conventional heating conditions to study the effect of dye concentrations at different dyeing temperatures. The colour strength values obtained for the dyed samples using ultrasonic at 50°C were slightly higher than those obtained using conventional heating at 80°C. Ultrasonic enhancement in the pre‐treatment and dyeing in terms of the percent increase of colour strength of the dyed fabric was estimated to be 157.94 per cent higher than that of conventional heating method. The results of wet fastness properties of the dyed fibres using ultrasonic revealed improvement relative to those obtained using conventional heating method.

The improved wet processes of linen fibres suggest further investigation to exploit power ultrasound in the wet processes of cellulosic fibres at low temperature using different classes of halogen free bleaching agents and dyeing with different classes of heat‐requiring reactive dyes. Also, this work may inspire the synthesis of new generation of heat‐requiring reactive dyes.

The work presented has significant potential industrial application for cleaner production in textile industries.

The present study of linen pre‐treatment with non‐toxic total chlorine free oxidising agent and its dyeability with reactive dyes using power ultrasound is novel and could be used in the wet processes of linen fibres.

This paper seeks to present a hypothesis that is based not only on theoretical considerations, but also on experimental and clinical data. The hypothesis concerns the holographic principle as the main principle that ensures formation and functioning of any complex adaptive system (CAS).

The submitted paper represents the continuation of an article published in 2005 in Kybernetes. It substantiates the crucial role of holo‐diffraction in system‐genesis and system‐functioning. New experimental results are discussed and some parallels are also drawn between natural systems of various scales.

A new physical phenomenon of holo‐diffraction is considered as the general principle of CAS organization.

Biological holograms, emitted by various minor parts of the human body in specified conditions, allow in vivo and harmless imaging of various internal disorders. New approach to the study of complex adaptive (living) systems would help researchers to reveal some general laws and regulations of natural systems formation.

A new approach to the study of living systems that is based on parametric and visual analysis of emitted holograms is already used for medical purposes. Recently developed analytical software is being tested.

The paper contributes to the understanding of those principles which enable any CAS to integrate, control and organize its components while functioning.