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Article
Publication date: 30 September 2013

Analysis of factors influencing delamination in milling process of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite materials

Jenarthanan Mugundhu, R. Jeyapaul and Naresh Neeli

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for delamination through response surface methodology (RSM) and analyse the influences of the entire…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for delamination through response surface methodology (RSM) and analyse the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate) on the responses in milling of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) composites with solid carbide end mill cutter coated with polycrystalline diamond (PCD).

Design/methodology/approach

Three factors, three levels face-centered central composite design matrix in RSM is employed to carry out the experimental investigation. Shop microscope is used to examine the delamination of GFRP composites. The “Design Expert 8.0” software was used for regression and graphical analysis of the data collected. Analysis of variance is used to check the validity of the model and for finding the significant parameters.

Findings

The developed second-order response surface model is used to calculate the delamination of the machined surfaces at different cutting conditions with the chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. Analysis of the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the delamination has been carried out using RSM.

Originality/value

Influence of solid carbide end mill coated with PCD on delamination of bi-directional GFRP composite during milling has not been analysed yet using RSM.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MMMS-03-2012-0005
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

  • Delamination
  • Glass fibre reinforced plastics
  • Milling
  • Response surface methodology

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1997

Effect of Delamination on Moisture Accelerated Failures in Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits

M. Pecht, Y. Ranade and J. Pecht

This paper presents a study to determine the extent to which delamination at the die to encapsulantinterface affects the package moisture content, and electrical failures…

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Abstract

This paper presents a study to determine the extent to which delamination at the die to encapsulant interface affects the package moisture content, and electrical failures when subjected to unbiased temperature‐humidity testing. Moisture absorption experiments showed that the presence of delamination did not significantly after the measurable moisture absorption characteristics of packages. Reliability testing indicated that although delamination is generally thought of as a reliability risk, it may not be a sufficient condition to promote damage in packages under dormant storage conditions. Experimental results showed no parametric or functional failures (or visible degradation) in packages with 100% die surface delamination after 1000 hours of unbiased testing at 140°C/85%RH.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 23 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03056129710370259
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

  • Delamination
  • Moisture
  • Reliability
  • Encapsulants
  • Microelectronics

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Article
Publication date: 29 January 2020

Spectral finite element method for wave propagation analysis in smart composite beams containing delamination

Namita Nanda

The purpose of the study is to present a frequency domain spectral finite element model (SFEM) based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) for wave propagation analysis of smart…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to present a frequency domain spectral finite element model (SFEM) based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) for wave propagation analysis of smart laminated composite beams with embedded delamination. For generating and sensing high-frequency elastic waves in composite beams, piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are used because they can act as both actuators and sensors. The present model is used to investigate the effects of parametric variation of delamination configuration on the propagation of fundamental anti-symmetric wave mode in piezoelectric composite beams.

Design/methodology/approach

The spectral element is derived from the exact solution of the governing equation of motion in frequency domain, obtained through fast Fourier transformation of the time domain equation. The beam is divided into two sublaminates (delamination region) and two base laminates (integral regions). The delamination region is modeled by assuming constant and continuous cross-sectional rotation at the interfaces between the base laminate and sublaminates. The governing differential equation of motion for delaminated composite beam with piezoelectric lamina is obtained using Hamilton’s principle by introducing an electrical potential function.

Findings

A detailed study of the wave response at the sensor shows that the A0 mode can be used for delamination detection in a wide region and is more suitable for detecting small delamination. It is observed that the amplitude and time of arrival of the reflected A0 wave from a delamination are strongly dependent on the size, position of the delamination and the stacking sequence. The degraded material properties because of the loss of stiffness and density in damaged area differently alter the S0 and A0 wave response and the group speed. The present method provides a potential technique for researchers to accurately model delaminations in piezoelectric composite beam structures. The delamination position can be identified if the time of flight of a reflected wave from delamination and the wave propagation speed of A0 (or S0) mode is known.

Originality/value

Spectral finite element modeling of delaminated composite beams with piezoelectric layers has not been reported in the literature yet. The spectral element developed is validated by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. The spectral element developed is then used to investigate the wave propagation characteristics and interaction with delamination in the piezoelectric composite beam.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 92 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-02-2019-0026
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

  • Composite
  • Delamination
  • Piezoelectric
  • Wave propagation
  • Smart beam
  • Spectral element
  • Group speed

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Article
Publication date: 24 May 2013

Numerical and experimental study on buckling behaviour of multiple delaminated composite plates

Jayaram Mohanty, Shishir Kr. Sahu and Pravat Kr. Parhi

With the widespread use of the composites over other metallic materials in different fields of engineering, studies on damages of composite structures have assumed great…

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Abstract

Purpose

With the widespread use of the composites over other metallic materials in different fields of engineering, studies on damages of composite structures have assumed great importance. Among various kinds of damages, delamination is of very serious concern to composite applications. It may arise as a consequence of impact loading, stress concentration near a geometrical or material discontinuity or manufacturing defects. The presence of one or more delaminations in the composite laminate may lead to a premature collapse of the structure due to buckling at a lower level of compressive loading. So the effect of delamination on stability of composite structures needs attention and thus constitutes a problem of current interest. The purpose of this paper is to deal with both numerical and experimental investigations on buckling behaviour of single and multiple, delaminated, industry driven, woven roving glass/epoxy composite plates on clamped free clamped free (CFCF) rectangular plates.

Design/methodology/approach

For numerical analysis, a finite element model was developed with an eight noded two dimensional quadratic isoparametric element having five degrees of freedom per node. The elastic stiffness matrices were derived using linear first order shear deformation theory with a shear correction factor. Green's nonlinear strain equations are used to derive the geometric stiffness matrix. The computation of buckling load based on present formulation is compared with the experimental results for the effect of different parameters on critical load of the delaminated composite panels. In the experimental study, the influences of various parameters such as delamination area, fiber orientations, number of layers, aspect ratios on the buckling behaviour of single and multiple delaminated woven roving glass/epoxy composite plates were investigated. Buckling loads were measured by INSTRON 1195 machine for the delaminated composite plates.

Findings

Comparison of numerical results with experimental results showed a good agreement. Both the results revealed that the area of delaminations, fiber orientations, number of layers and aspect ratio have paramount influence on the buckling behaviour of delaminated plate.

Originality/value

The present study is part of Jayaram Mohanty's doctoral thesis, an original research work.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 4 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17579861311321717
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

  • Buckling
  • Composite materials
  • Mechanical behaviour of materials
  • Woven fiber
  • Glass/epoxy
  • Delamination
  • Finite element

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Article
Publication date: 8 August 2016

Numerical investigations on delaminated Glare under uni-axial tension

Sunil Bhat and S. Narayanan

Since failure of laminated composites by delaminations is common, the purpose of this paper is to present a numerical procedure to check the stability of delaminations in…

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Abstract

Purpose

Since failure of laminated composites by delaminations is common, the purpose of this paper is to present a numerical procedure to check the stability of delaminations in fiber metal laminate (Glare), with different possible damage configurations, under uni-axial tension. Deformation behavior of the laminate is also examined. Influence of the type and the extent of damage, represented by varying sizes and number of delaminations, on delamination driving force and laminate deformation is found.

Design/methodology/approach

Delaminated Glare is modeled by finite element method. Interface cohesive elements are used to model the delaminations. Finite element results provide the deflection/deformation characteristics of the laminate. Driving forces of delaminations are estimated by J integrals that are numerically obtained over cyclic paths near delamination tips. Laminates with different types of delaminations are also fabricated and externally delaminated for measurement of their interlaminar fracture toughness. The delamination is considered to be stable if its driving force is less than corresponding interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminate.

Findings

Delaminations are found to be stable in laminates with lower number of delaminations and unstable in laminates with higher number of delaminations. Increase in size of delaminations increases the deformations but reduces the delamination driving force whereas increase in number of delaminations increases both deformations and driving forces. The trends change in case of laminates with symmetrical damage. Shape of delamination is also found to influence the deformations and driving forces. The finite element model is validated.

Research limitations/implications

There is scope for validating the numerical results reported in the paper by theoretical models.

Practical implications

Checking the stability of delaminations and their effect on deformation behavior of the laminate helps is assessment of safety and remaining life of the laminate. If failure is predicted, preemptive action is taken by using repair patch ups at identified critical locations in order to avoid failures in service conditions.

Originality/value

The paper offers the following benefits: use of cohesive zone method that is readily possible in finite element procedures and is relatively simple, fast and reasonably accurate is demonstrated; suitability of using J integrals over paths crossing non-homogeneous and property mismatched material layers is tested; and influence of the type and the extent of damage in the laminate on its deformation behavior and delamination driving forces is found. This type of work has not been reported so far.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-07-2015-0021
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

  • Glare
  • Deformation
  • Delamination
  • Cohesive element
  • Cohesive zone method
  • Interlaminar fracture toughness

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2014

Machinability study of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites using design of experiment technique

M.P. Jenarthanan and R. Jeyapaul

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the surface delamination through response surface methodology (RSM) and analyse the influences of the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the surface delamination through response surface methodology (RSM) and analyse the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on the responses in milling of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with solid carbide end mill cutter coated with polycrystalline diamond.

Design/methodology/approach

Three factors, three level face-centered central composite design in RSM was employed to carry out the experimental investigation. The “Design Expert 8.0” software was used for regression and graphical analysis of the data collected. The optimum values of the selected variables were obtained by solving the regression equation and by analyzing the response surface contour plots. Analysis of variance was used to check the validity of the model and for finding the significant parameters.

Findings

The developed second-order response surface model is used to calculate the delamination of the machined surfaces at different cutting conditions with the chosen range with 95 per cent confidence intervals. Using such model, one can obtain remarkable savings in time and cost.

Originality/value

The effect of machining parameters on surface delamination during milling of CFRP composites using RSM has not been previously analysed.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 43 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-12-2012-0088
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

  • CFRP
  • Delamination factor
  • End milling
  • PCD
  • RSM

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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2016

Experimental investigation and analysis of factors influencing delamination and surface roughness of hybrid GFRP laminates using Taguchi technique

M.P. Jenarthanan, A. Lakshman Prakash and R. Jeyapaul

The paper aims to develop a mathematical model for delamination and surface roughness during end milling by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to determine how…

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Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to develop a mathematical model for delamination and surface roughness during end milling by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to determine how the input parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut, helix angle and feed rate) influence the output response (delamination and surface roughness) in machining of hybrid glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP; Abaca and Glass) composite using solid carbide end mill cutter.

Design/methodology/approach

Four-factor, three-level Taguchi orthogonal array design in RSM is used to carry out the experimental investigation. The “Design Expert 8.0” is used to analyse the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter.

Findings

The feed rate is the cutting parameter which has greater influence on delamination (88.39 per cent), and cutting speed is the cutting parameter which has greater influence on surface roughness (53.42 per cent) for hybrid GFRP composite materials. Both surface roughness and delamination increase as feed rate increases, which means that the composite damage is larger for higher feed rates.

Originality/value

Effect of milling of hybrid GFRP composite on delamination and surface roughness with various helix angles of solid carbide end mill has not been analysed yet using RSM.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 45 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-03-2015-0035
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

  • Response surface methodology
  • Delamination
  • Surface roughness
  • Abaca fibre
  • Helix angle
  • Taguchi orthogonal array

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Article
Publication date: 8 January 2018

Research on the delamination wear properties of the pure carbon strip at the high-sliding speed with electric current

Hongjuan Yang, Lin Fu, Yanhua Liu, Weiji Qian and Bo Hu

This paper aims to investigate the delamination wear properties of a carbon strip in a carbon strip rubbing against a copper wire at the high-sliding speed (380 km/h) with…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the delamination wear properties of a carbon strip in a carbon strip rubbing against a copper wire at the high-sliding speed (380 km/h) with or without electrical current.

Design/methodology/approach

The friction and wear properties of a carbon strip in a carbon strip rubbing against a copper wire are tested on the high-speed wear tester whose speed can reach up to 400 km/h. The test data have been collected by the high-speed data collector. The worn surfaces of the carbon strip are observed by the scanning electron microscope.

Findings

It was found that there was a significant increase of the delamination wear with the decrease of the normal load when the electric current is applied. The size of the flake-like peeling also increases with the decrease of normal load. The delamination wear extends gradually from the edge of the erosion pits to the surrounding area with the decrease of the normal load. However, the delamination wear never appears in the absence of electric current. It is proposed that the decreased normal load and the big electrical current are the major causes of the delamination wear of the carbon strip.

Originality value

The experimental test at high-sliding speed of 380 km/h was performed for the first time, and the major cause of the delamination was discovered in this paper.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 70 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-05-2017-0145
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Wear mechanism
  • Arc erosion
  • Delamination wear
  • Wear rate

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1999

Dynamic analysis of multiple delaminated composite twisted plates

P.K. Parhi, S.K. Bhattacharyya and P.K. Sinha

The present paper deals with the finite element dynamic analysis of delaminated composite twisted plates based on a simple multiple delaminated model. Eight‐noded…

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Abstract

The present paper deals with the finite element dynamic analysis of delaminated composite twisted plates based on a simple multiple delaminated model. Eight‐noded isoparametric quadratic elements are used to develop the finite element analysis procedure. Composite plates are assumed to contain both single and multiple delaminations. To investigate the dynamic behaviour of delaminated twisted plates, numerical results for free vibration, forced vibration and impact response are generated by varying the size and location of delaminations as well as the stacking sequence and other geometrical parameters.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 71 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00022669910296891
ISSN: 0002-2667

Keywords

  • Composites
  • Finite element analysis
  • Delaminations

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Article
Publication date: 15 November 2013

Fatigue modelling of aluminium plates reinforced with bonded fibre metal laminates

Jeremy Doucet, Xiang Zhang and Philip Irving

This paper aims to present the implementation of a finite element (FE) model used to establish crack and delamination development in a Glare reinforced aluminium plate…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present the implementation of a finite element (FE) model used to establish crack and delamination development in a Glare reinforced aluminium plate under fatigue loading. This model predicts the behaviour of bonded GLARE straps used as crack retarders for life extension of aircraft structures. In particular, it takes into account the interaction that exists between the substrate crack and the delamination crack at the interface with the reinforcement.

Design/methodology/approach

In this work, a 3D FE model with three-layer continuum shell elements has been developed to calculate changes in substrate stress intensity and in fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate produced by bonded strap reinforcement. Both circular and elliptical strap delamination geometries were incorporated into the model. Calculated stress intensity factors (SIFs) were used together with measured FCG data for substrate material to predict FCG rates for the strapped condition.

Findings

The model predicted a decrease in the SIF and a retardation of FCG rates. The SIF was predicted to vary through the thickness of the substrate due to the phenomenon of secondary bending and also the bridging effect caused by the presence of the strap. The influence of delamination shape and size on substrate crack stress intensity and delamination strain energy release rate has been calculated.

Originality/value

This research aims at developing modelling techniques that could be used when studying larger reinforced structures found in aircraft.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 4 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-10-2012-0027
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

  • Bonded crack retarder
  • Integral metallic structure
  • Strap

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