Search results
1 – 10 of over 62000Chenchen Li, Ling Eleanor Zhang and Anne-Wil Harzing
In response to the somewhat paradoxical combination of increasing diversity in the global workforce and the resurgence of nationalism in an era of global mobility, this chapter…
Abstract
In response to the somewhat paradoxical combination of increasing diversity in the global workforce and the resurgence of nationalism in an era of global mobility, this chapter aims to uncover how employees on international assignments respond to exposure to new cultures. Specifically, the study aims to explicate the underlying psychological mechanisms linking expatriates' monocultural, multicultural, global, and cosmopolitan identity negotiation strategies with their responses toward the host culture by drawing upon exclusionary and integrative reactions theory in cross-cultural psychology. This conceptual chapter draws on the perspective of exclusionary versus integrative reactions toward foreign cultures – a perspective rooted in cross-cultural psychology research – to categorize expatriates' responses toward the host culture. More specifically, the study elaborates how two primary activators of expatriates' responses toward the host culture – the salience of home-culture identity and a cultural learning mindset – explain the relationship between cultural identity negotiation strategies and expatriates' exclusionary and integrative responses. The following metaphors for these different types of cultural identity negotiation strategies are introduced: “ostrich” (monocultural strategy), “frog” (multicultural strategy), “bird” (global strategy), and “lizard” (cosmopolitan strategy). The proposed dynamic framework of cultural identity negotiation strategies illustrates the sophisticated nature of expatriates' responses to new cultures. This chapter also emphasizes that cross-cultural training tempering expatriates' exclusionary reactions and encouraging integrative reactions is crucial for more effective expatriation in a multicultural work environment.
Details
Keywords
Yuliya Strizhakova and Robin Coulter
The purpose of this paper is to provide the authors’ response to three commentaries (Batra and Wu, 2019; Papadopoulos, 2019; Westjohn and Magnusson, 2019) on Strizhakova and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide the authors’ response to three commentaries (Batra and Wu, 2019; Papadopoulos, 2019; Westjohn and Magnusson, 2019) on Strizhakova and Coulter (2019), “Consumer cultural identities: local and global cultural identities and measurement implications,” International Marketing Review.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper and a response to commentaries on the initial paper Strizhakova and Coulter (2019), “Consumer cultural identity: local and global cultural identities and measurement implications”.
Findings
This paper continues an important dialogue on the topic of multifaceted consumer cultural identities. Specifically, the authors discuss the myriad meanings of cultural identity, as well as meanings of global, local, disinterested/disidentified and glocal cultural beliefs. The paper offers directions and poses questions that warrant future research attention and have important implications for global and local brand managers.
Originality/value
The paper addresses important issues and future research directions about the provocative topic of consumer cultural identities, their meanings, measurements and practical/research implications.
Details
Keywords
Han Zhang, Jingqi Wang and Han Shen
This study explores the influence of cultural heritage tourism perception on China's tourism image. It analyzes the role of the spiritual bond established between overseas Chinese…
Abstract
This study explores the influence of cultural heritage tourism perception on China's tourism image. It analyzes the role of the spiritual bond established between overseas Chinese youth and the motherland during their visit to the cultural heritage sites in China. This study constructs a theoretical model with 350 overseas Chinese youth as samples based on the identity theory, Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory, and Howard-Sheth model. The results show that cultural heritage tourism perception directly and positively promotes cultural identity among overseas Chinese youth. It is also indirectly and positively associated with their cultural identity through enhancing the tourism image. Cultural intelligence plays a positive moderating role between cultural heritage tourism perception and cultural identity. The results provide significant implications for developing cultural heritage tourism and cultural communication.
Details
Keywords
In the context of intense intercultural experience, the individual’s identity is often transformed by the forces of acculturation. Unexpectedly powerful demands, influences, and…
Abstract
In the context of intense intercultural experience, the individual’s identity is often transformed by the forces of acculturation. Unexpectedly powerful demands, influences, and resistances buffet the values, beliefs, and behaviors of the sojourner, leading to confusion, and eventually resolution of profound identity issues. The resulting sense of being between two cultures or more, living at the edges of each, but rarely at the center, can be called cultural marginality. When these issues remain unresolved, the person is often confounded by the demands, and feels alienated in a state called encapsulated marginality. The constructive marginal resolves these questions by integrating choices from each culture of which the person is a part, choosing the appropriate frame of reference, and taking action appropriate for the context.
Global leaders need to recognize the characteristics of the marginal identity and leverage the skills the marginal brings to the organization. The mindset of hybrid professionals fosters increased creativity, culturally appropriate problem solving, and collaboration with other culture partners. Educators, trainers, and coaches can design developmental opportunities for sojourners to acculturate to new environments in a way that potentiates their intercultural competence and comfort with their bicultural mindset. By viewing a complex cultural identity as an asset to the organization, global leaders can avoid the common pitfall of overlooking cultural marginals and instead maximize their contribution to globalization.
Details
Keywords
Shangui Hu, Lingyu Hu and Guoyin Wang
This paper aims to investigate the adverse effects of addiction to social media usage on expatriates' cultural identity change in cross-cultural settings.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the adverse effects of addiction to social media usage on expatriates' cultural identity change in cross-cultural settings.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was conducted in two public universities in China. Among the questionnaires distributed, 333 useful responses were obtained from international students for data analysis.
Findings
Regression results show addiction to social media usage exerts adverse effects by negatively moderating the relationship between associations with locals and the three dimensions of cultural intelligence. Addiction to social media usage impairs expatriates from developing cultural intelligence from associations with locals, which in turn affects their cultural identity change.
Research limitations/implications
Research findings suggest that expatriates, administrators and educators should be highly aware of the adverse effects of addiction to social media usage in complex cross-cultural settings wherein expatriates are more dependent on information technology. The important role of cultural intelligence should also be highlighted for its bridging role in managing cultural identity change for acculturation purpose. No causal relationships between variables can be established considering the cross-sectional design of the research. Longitudinal or experimental design could be a promising methodology for future efforts.
Originality/value
The current research contributes to the knowledge on information management applied to cross-cultural settings. The present study combines an IT contingent view with cross-cultural study to explore the adverse effects of addiction to social media usage on the development of expatriates' cultural intelligence from associations with locals, thereby influencing cultural identity change. The research provides new perspectives to expand the nomological framework of cross-cultural studies by combining the enabling roles of information technology.
Details
Keywords
Estelle Dryland and Jawad Syed
The aim of this paper is to explore issues of cultural identity of the people of Baltistan and any challenges they face in the nation state of Pakistan.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to explore issues of cultural identity of the people of Baltistan and any challenges they face in the nation state of Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a postcolonial lens to offer a review and synthesis of issues of cultural identity of the Balti people of Pakistan.
Findings
The review demonstrates how the historical and socio‐political context is intertwined with the Balti people's cultural identity which remains hybrid as well as contextual in its construction. It reveals that while the state of Pakistan has been able to assert its control over the Balti people and the region of Baltistan predominantly through military means, the critical issues of cultural pluralism and the basic human rights of the Balti people have remained generally ignored throughout the 63 years since partition.
Research limitations/implications
The contentions offered in this paper need to be refined through in‐depth empirical studies. Future scholars may wish to examine the class and cultural politics at work in the emerging renaissance movement in Baltistan. Scholars may also examine how the lack of economic development and investment in Baltistan may be forcing the Balti people to resign (at least some elements of) their cultural identity to seek employment in urban areas of Pakistan.
Originality/value
The paper brings to the fore issues of cultural identity of the people of Baltistan, which have – to a large extent – remained ignored by Pakistan as well as internationally.
Details
Keywords
M. Fernanda Wagstaff, Si Hyun Kim, Fernando R. Jiménez Arévalo, Said Al-Riyami and Esperanza Huerta
This paper aims to examine the relationship between individual bicultural identity and attitudes toward diversity. The authors also theorize and test the mechanism through which…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the relationship between individual bicultural identity and attitudes toward diversity. The authors also theorize and test the mechanism through which individual bicultural identity will be more likely to result in positive attitudes toward diversity.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected survey data drawing from two different samples and two different measures of attitudes toward diversity. To test the hypotheses, the authors conducted structural equation modeling analyses.
Findings
The authors found that individual bicultural identity increases positive attitudes toward diversity and cultural intelligence partially mediates this relationship. Individual bicultural identity increases positive attitudes to others not necessarily known to us.
Originality/value
The authors integrate the cultural intelligence framework and the common in-group identity model in assessing the role of cultural intelligence in both individual bicultural identity and attitudes toward diversity.
Propósito
Analizamos la relación entre la identidad individual bicultural y las actitudes hacia la diversidad. También discutimos y probamos los mecanismos a través de los cuales, es más probable que una identidad individual bicultural se asocie con una actitud positiva respecto a la diversidad.
Diseño
Recopilamos encuestas con dos muestras distintas y usando dos medidas diferentes de actitudes en torno a la diversidad. Para probar las hipótesis, llevamos a cabo un análisis del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.
Resultados
Encontramos que la identidad individual bicultural aumenta las actitudes positivas hacia la diversidad y que la inteligencia cultural parcialmente media esta relación. La identidad individual bicultural aumenta las actitudes positivas hacia las demás personas, que no necesariamente conocemos.
Originalidad/Valor
Integramos el marco de la inteligencia cultural y el modelo de identidad común en grupo para evaluar el rol de la inteligencia cultural tanto en la identidad individual bicultural como en las actitudes en torno a la diversidad.
Propósito
Examinamos a relação entre a identidade bicultural individual e as atitudes em relação à diversidade. Além disto, teorizamos e testamos o mecanismo através do qual a identidade bicultural individual terá maior probabilidade de levar a atitudes positivas em relação à diversidade.
Desenho
Coletámos dados de pesquisa a partir de duas amostras diferentes e duas medidas diferentes de atitudes em relação à diversidade. A fim de testar as hipóteses, realizamos análises de modelagem de equações estruturais.
Conclusões
Descobrimos que a identidade bicultural individual acrescenta as atitudes positivas em relação à diversidade, e que a inteligência cultural medeia parcialmente esta relação. A identidade bicultural individual acrescenta as atitudes positivas em relação aos outros não necessariamente conhecidos por nós.
Originalidade/valor
Integramos o quadro da inteligência cultural e o modelo de identidade intragrupo comum na avaliação do papel da inteligência cultural tanto na identidade bicultural individual como nas atitudes em relação à diversidade.
Details
Keywords
Mengxia Zhang, Xixuan Guo, Xiaoling Guo and Alain Jolibert
Intangible cultural heritage products (ICHP) in this paper refer to the products made with handicrafts listed as intangible cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to…
Abstract
Purpose
Intangible cultural heritage products (ICHP) in this paper refer to the products made with handicrafts listed as intangible cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of consumer cultural identity and consumer knowledge on purchase intentions of ICHP, as well as the role of the perceived scarcity for such effects.
Design/methodology/approach
Three between-participants experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of cultural identity on purchase intention of ICHP and the underlying mechanism of the effect.
Findings
The results show that cultural identity has a positive influence on ICHP purchase intention, and this effect is stronger for consumers with higher level of consumer knowledge. Furthermore, perceived scarcity underlies such effect, but the scarcity account holds only for handmade ICHP, not for machine-manufactured products.
Practical implications
The current research suggests that ICHP should remain handmade to preserve their scarcity as a distinctive feature. Additionally, business practitioners handling ICHP should target consumers of high cultural identity, and/or provide iconic cues to activate their cultural identity situationally. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of consumer education programs about ICHP-related knowledge in enhancing the cultural identity effect.
Originality/value
This paper explores systematically the conditions and process of consumers' responses toward ICHP for the first time. Besides, it builds on accessibility-diagnosticity framework and provides novel knowledge about the functioning of consumer cultural identity. It also enriches our understanding of perceived scarcity from the supply side.
Details