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Article
Publication date: 13 March 2017

Chang-Guang Zhou, Yi Ou, Hu-Tian Feng and Zeng-Tao Chen

This paper aims to examine the precision loss of ball screw raceway under different operating conditions and geometry parameters.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the precision loss of ball screw raceway under different operating conditions and geometry parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a new coefficient K’ introduced especially for ball screws to reflect the actual contact condition, the modified Archard theory is applied to ball screws to obtain wear volume of the ball-screw contacts. Thus, the axial precision loss can be defined as the ratio of the wear volume to the contact area. Meanwhile, a novel running bench and a precision-measuring system of ball screws are conducted. Precision variation is obtained and analyzed during the whole life running test, which agrees well with the theoretical values calculated in this paper.

Findings

For a given rotational speed, the increasing rate of the precision loss rate is high at low axial load and then becomes small with the increasing axial load, whereas for a given axial load, the precision loss rate is proportional to the rotational speed. Besides, the precision loss rate is reduced with the increasing contact angle between a ball and the screw raceway, and is proportional to the helix angle when the angle changes from 1 to 10 degrees.

Research limitations/implications

The rotational speed used in this experiment is low and the ball screw is of no-load type, although results calculated by the model and Wei’s model seem close when the axial load is high, whether the model built in the paper is applicable to the condition of high rotational speed and preload still needs to be verified in the future work.

Practical implications

This study provides an accurate model to predict the precision loss of the screw raceway and estimate the remaining life of ball screws, which is significant for better performance of ball screws as well as the computer numerical control machine tools.

Originality/value

Previous studies on the wear of ball screws mainly focused on the drag torque analysis and mechanical efficiency estimation, and the experiment to verify their theoretical analysis was almost all limited to the test of drag torque or axial rigidity, which is neither sufficient nor persuasive. However, in this paper, the authors proposed a comprehensive wear prediction model which combines the modified Archard wear theory, Hertz contact theory and kinematic theory of ball screws. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this kind of study has never been reported in the literature. In addition, for the lack of the test bench and high cost of the experiment, the whole life operation test, which is designed and conducted to confirm the model in this paper, has never been reported in literature either.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 69 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 January 2020

Qingchao Sun, Xin Liu, Xiaokai Mu and Yichao Gao

This paper aims to study the relationship between normal contact stiffness and contact load. It purpose a new calculation model of the normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to study the relationship between normal contact stiffness and contact load. It purpose a new calculation model of the normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces by considering the elastic–plastic critical deformation change of asperities contact.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper described the surface topography of joint surfaces based on fractal geometry, and fractal parameters and of fractal function derived from measurement data. According to the plastic–elastic contact theory, the contact deformation characteristic of asperities was analyzed; the critical deformation estimation model was presented, which expressed critical deformation as the function of fractal parameters and contact deformation; the contact stiffness calculation model of single asperity was brought forward by considering critical deformation change.

Findings

The paper combined the surface topography description function, analyzed the asperity contact states by considering the critical deformation change, and calculated normal contact stiffness based on fractal theory and contact deformation analysis. The comparison between theoretical contact stiffness and experimental data indicated that the theoretical normal contact stiffness agreed with the experimental data, and the estimation model for normal contact stiffness was appropriate.

Research limitations/implications

Owing to the possibility of plastic deformation during the loading process, the experimental curve between the contact stiffness and the contact load is nonlinear, resulting in an error between the experimental results and the theoretical calculation results.

Originality/value

The paper established the relationship between critical deformation and fractal surface topography by constructing asperity distribution function. The paper proposed a new normal contact stiffness calculation model of joint surfaces by considering the variation of critical deformation in contact process.

Details

Assembly Automation, vol. 40 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-5154

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 October 2019

Hongping Yang, Xiaowei Che and Cheng Yang

This paper aims to propose a normal and tangential contact stiffness model to investigate the contact characteristics between rough surfaces of machined joints based on fractal…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a normal and tangential contact stiffness model to investigate the contact characteristics between rough surfaces of machined joints based on fractal geometry and contact mechanics theory considering surface asperities interaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The fractal geometry theory describes surface topography and Hertz contact theory derives the asperities elastic, elastic-plastic and plastic contact deformation. The joint normal and tangential contact stiffness are obtained. The experiment method for normal and tangential contact stiffness are introduced.

Findings

The relationship between dimensionless normal contact load and dimensionless normal and tangential contact stiffness are analyzed in different plasticity index. The results show that they are nonlinear relationships. The normal and tangential contact stiffness are obtained based on theoretical and experimental methods for milling and grinding machined specimens. The results indicate that the present model for the normal and tangential contact stiffness are consistent with experimental data, respectively.

Originality/value

The normal and tangential contact stiffness models are constructed by using the fractal geometry and the contact mechanics theory considering surface asperities interaction, which includes fully elastic, elastic-plastic and fully plastic contacts deformation. The present method can generate a more reliable calculation result as compared with the contact model no-considering asperities interaction.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 72 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Y. Zhang

To review, analyze and present the effects of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage and the critical importance of these effects in…

2043

Abstract

Purpose

To review, analyze and present the effects of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage and the critical importance of these effects in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL).

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental and theoretical research results of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and its caused contact‐fluid interfacial slippage in hydrodynamic lubrication and especially in EHL obtained in the past decades and progressed in recent years by the present author and by others are reviewed. Analysis and presentation are made on both the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength versus fluid pressure curve for a given bulk fluid temperature in an isothermal EHL and the influence of the bulk fluid temperature on this curve.

Findings

It is very clearly and well understood from the present paper that the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in the inlet zone in an EHL contact, i.e. at low EHL fluid film pressures is usually low and usually has rather a weak dependence on the EHL fluid film pressure. This proves the correctness of the EHL theories previously developed by the author based on the assumption of this low value and dependence on the EHL fluid film pressure of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength. It is also very clearly understood that the bulk fluid temperature usually has a strong influence on the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in EHL and the increase of this temperature usually significantly reduces the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in EHL.

Practical implications

A very useful material for the engineers who are engaged in the design of EHL on gears, cams and roller bearings, and for the tribology scientists who thrust efforts in studying EHL and mixed EHL both by theoretical modeling and by experiments.

Originality/value

A new and generalized mode of mixed EHL is originally proposed by incorporating the finding of a more realistic mode of the contact regimes in a practical mixed EHL based on the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage effects. This mode of mixed EHL should become the direction of the theoretical research of mixed EHL in the future.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 58 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 October 2019

Nitya Rani and Anand A. Samuel

The transgender community faces prejudice and stigma and is one of the most ostracised groups in society. One of the ways to reduce prejudice is through intergroup contact. This…

1032

Abstract

Purpose

The transgender community faces prejudice and stigma and is one of the most ostracised groups in society. One of the ways to reduce prejudice is through intergroup contact. This may be achieved through direct or indirect contact. The purpose of this paper is to compare the impact of direct and indirect contact on reducing transphobia.

Design/methodology/approach

Direct contact was achieved through a transgender speaker panel and indirect contact involved a video presentation. In total, 159 students enroled in undergraduate courses at a prominent university in India were enlisted for this study. Perceptions regarding transgenders were measured using the genderism and transphobia scale. Perceptions were measured at three different time points – before the contact, immediately after the contact and one month post contact.

Findings

Results indicate that both direct and indirect contact cause a significant immediate decrease in transphobia at the post intervention stage. However, only direct contact caused significant reduction at the follow-up stage (one month after the intervention). Direct contact also effected a greater reduction in transphobia than indirect contact.

Research limitations/implications

This study extends previous research that shows that speaker panels involving sexual minority speakers can result in reducing stigma (e.g. Croteau and Kusek, 1992). The present study shows that such speaker panels can also be useful for reducing stigma against transgender individuals. Another important outcome of this study is the relative effectiveness of direct contact in reducing transphobia compared to indirect contact. Direct contact resulted in greater reduction in transphobia both at the post-test and follow-up stages compared to indirect contact.

Practical implications

The results of this study may benefit HR practitioners and policy makers in designing workplace initiatives and policies in creating an inclusive workplace. This study shows that meaningful interaction with transgenders would be a key step in reducing stigmatisation. Since direct contact is rarely expensive or time consuming, it can be a valuable tool to improve the integration of transgender individuals within society. Therefore, students and employees may be encouraged to interact with transgender individuals through panel discussions and workshops. Indirect contact may be used as a preliminary intervention in certain cases where direct contact may be difficult to organise.

Social implications

The stigma faced by transgender individuals has a significant negative impact on their quality of life (Grant et al., 2014; Reisner and Juntunen, 2015). It is, therefore, necessary to recognise and reduce prejudice against transgenders at both the college and school levels as well as in work organisations. Educators and managers have a significant role to play in this societal change. This study shows that stigma reduction can be achieved in a fairly simple way through contact theory.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to investigate Indian students’ perceptions of transgenders. It improves on earlier studies using similar interventions in two main ways. First, this study includes a follow-up assessment, which was not performed in most studies. Second, random assignment of participants to one of two conditions improves the reliability of the findings.

Details

Industrial and Commercial Training, vol. 51 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0019-7858

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 16 October 2023

Lili Zhu, Jinxu Bai, Xu Liang and Maojin Jia

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the meshing stiffness of nutation face gear considering the roughness, establish the calculation method of time-varying meshing stiffness…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the meshing stiffness of nutation face gear considering the roughness, establish the calculation method of time-varying meshing stiffness of rough tooth surface and analyze the influence of roughness, load and other factors on the meshing stiffness of tooth surface.

Design/methodology/approach

The Weierstrass–Mandelbrot (W-M) function in the Majumdar–Bhushan model is used to characterize the rough contact line of the tooth surface, the normal height and radius of the micro convex body are calculated and the contact flexibility of the contact point of the tooth surface is obtained. The contact flexibility and the bending shear deformation flexibility obtained previously are substituted into the improved deformation compatibility equation for iterative calculation, and the time-varying meshing stiffness of the nutation face gear considering the roughness is obtained.

Findings

Compared with ABAQUS finite element simulation results, it is found that the meshing stiffness curve of rough tooth surface is more gentle than that of smooth tooth surface, the meshing stiffness value is smaller and the meshing stiffness change is smaller at the position where the number of gear teeth coincide changes.

Originality/value

In the process of calculating contact deformation, the fractal theory W-M function is used to characterize the contact line of the rough nutation face gear, and the deformation coordination condition considering roughness is improved. Therefore, the method of time-varying meshing stiffness considering roughness can obtain more accurate results, which provides theory and data for the subsequent dynamics analysis of the nutation face gear transmission.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 40 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 September 2018

Hans Spijkerman, Yvonne W.M. Benschop and Joost Bücker

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of constructive intercultural contact. This concept refers to intercultural contact in which majority as well as minority…

1919

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of constructive intercultural contact. This concept refers to intercultural contact in which majority as well as minority participants are intercultural effective, i.e. can perceive themselves as comfortable and successful.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on exploration and review of intergroup, contact, acculturation and organization literature.

Findings

Five input elements of constructive intercultural contact are distinguished: responsibility, deliberate choice to postpone judgment, acknowledging the relative relevance of cultural differences, perspective taking and respect. What participants have to do to make constructive intercultural contact in organizations not only possible between colleagues, but also in hierarchical relationships is elaborated by reflection on the interrelation between majority/minority and manager/employee positions in constructive intercultural contact.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to diversity management literature by introducing a new concept which, focusing on the interaction level, explains how participants can make intercultural contact into a comfortable and successful experience for both. Other contributions are the differentiation between majority and minority actors and the elaboration of the complexity of intercultural employee/manager contacts.

Details

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, vol. 37 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-7149

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 January 2022

Xianguang Sun, Chunxiao Meng and Tiantang Duan

The purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance (TCC) of two spherical joint surfaces, considering friction coefficient based on the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance (TCC) of two spherical joint surfaces, considering friction coefficient based on the three-dimensional fractal theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of friction coefficient, fractal parameters, radius of curvature and contact type on TCC were analyzed using numerical simulation.

Findings

The results indicate that the TCC decreases with the increase of friction coefficient and fractal roughness and increases with the increase of fractal dimension and radius of curvature; the contact type of two spherical joint surfaces has an important influence on the TCC, and the TCC of external contact is smaller than that of internal contact under the same contact load.

Originality/value

A fractal model of TCC of two spherical joint surfaces considering friction coefficient is proposed in this paper. Achievements of this work provide some theoretical basis for the research of TCC of bearings and other curved surfaces.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 74 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 August 2023

Xianguang Sun

The purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance (TCC) of rough surfaces considering substrate deformation. Three deformation modes of the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a fractal model of thermal contact conductance (TCC) of rough surfaces considering substrate deformation. Three deformation modes of the asperity of the rough surface are considered, including elastic deformation, elastic–plastic deformation and full plastic deformation.

Design/methodology/approach

The influences of contact load, fractal dimension and fractal roughness on the TCC of the rough surface were studied.

Findings

The results show that the TCC of the rough surface increases with the increase of contact load. When D > 2.5, the larger the fractal dimension, the higher the increased rate of the TCC of the rough surface with the increase of contact load. The TCC of the rough surface increases with the increase of fractal dimension and decreases with the increase of fractal roughness. The TCC of the rough surface can be achieved by selecting a contact surface with roughness.

Originality/value

A fractal model of TCC of rough surfaces considering substrate deformation was established in this study. The achievements of this study provide some theoretical basis for the investigation of TCC of rough surfaces.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 75 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 March 2018

Rufei Yu and Wei Chen

This paper aims to propose a semi-analytical model to investigate the elastic-plastic contact between fractal rough surfaces. Parametric studies have been performed to analyze the…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a semi-analytical model to investigate the elastic-plastic contact between fractal rough surfaces. Parametric studies have been performed to analyze the dependencies between the contact properties and the scale-independent fractal parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

A modified two-variable Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function has been used to build the geometrical model of rough surfaces. The computation program was developed using software MATLAB R2015a. The results have been qualitatively validated by the existing theoretical and experimental results in the literature.

Findings

In most cases, a nonlinear relation between the load and the displacement of the rigid plane is found. Only under the condition of larger loads, an approximate linear relation can be seen for great D and small G values. (D: fractal dimension and G: fractal roughness).

Originality/value

The contact model of the cylindrical joints (conformal contact) with radial clearance is constructed by using the fractal theory and the Kogut-Etsion elastic-plastic contact model, which includes purely elastic, elastic-plastic and fully plastic contacts. The present method can generate a more reliable calculation result as compared with the Hertz contact model and a higher calculation efficiency as compared with the finite element method for the conformal contact problem.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 70 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 117000