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Book part
Publication date: 6 May 2008

David A. Yalof

The premise that the U.S. Supreme Court never veers too far off from the dominant national political coalition (Dahl, 1957) has become widely accepted among social scientists…

Abstract

The premise that the U.S. Supreme Court never veers too far off from the dominant national political coalition (Dahl, 1957) has become widely accepted among social scientists today. To fulfill that promise, however, the confirmation process for justices must serve as a plebiscite through which the public can ratify or reject future justices based on their views. Unfortunately, modern confirmation hearings have become an exercise in obfuscation, providing little meaningful dialogue on important issues. Because conservative Republican presidents have made the lion's share of appointments in recent times, social conservatives have most often benefited from a process that has severed the link between Supreme Court nominees and the polity they must serve.

Details

Special Issue Constitutional Politics in a Conservative Era
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-7623-1486-7

Article
Publication date: 22 July 2022

Yousra Trichilli, Sahbi Gaadane, Mouna Boujelbène Abbes and Afif Masmoudi

In this paper, the authors investigate the impact of the confirmation bias on returns, expectations and hedging of optimistic and pessimistic traders in the cryptocurrencies…

Abstract

Purpose

In this paper, the authors investigate the impact of the confirmation bias on returns, expectations and hedging of optimistic and pessimistic traders in the cryptocurrencies, commodities and stock markets before and during COVID-19 periods.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors investigate the impact of the confirmation bias on the estimated returns and the expectations of optimistic and pessimistic traders by employing the financial stochastic model with confirmation bias. Indeed, the authors compute the optimal portfolio weights, the optimal hedge ratios and the hedging effectiveness.

Findings

The authors find that without confirmation bias, during the two sub periods, the expectations of optimistic and pessimistic trader’s seem to convergence toward zero. However, when confirmation bias is particularly strong, the average distance between these two expectations are farer. The authors further show that, with and without confirmation bias, the optimal weights (the optimal hedge ratios) are found to be lower (higher) for all pairs of financial market during the COVID-19 period as compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. The authors also document that the stronger the confirmation bias is, the lower the optimal weight and the higher the optimal hedge ratio. Moreover, results reveal that the values of the optimal hedge ratio for optimistic and pessimistic traders affected or not by the confirmation bias are higher during the COVID-19 period compared to the estimates for the pre-COVID period and inversely for the optimal hedge ratios and the hedging effectiveness index. Indeed, either for optimists or pessimists, the presence of confirmation bias leads to higher optimal hedge ratio, higher optimal weights and higher hedging effectiveness index.

Practical implications

The findings of the study provided additional evidence for investors, portfolio managers and financial analysts to exploit confirmation bias to make an optimal portfolio allocation especially during COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 periods. Moreover, the findings of this study might be useful for investors as they help them to make successful investment decision in potential hedging strategies.

Originality/value

First, this is the first scientific work that conducts a stochastic analysis about the impact of emotional biases on the estimated returns and the expectations of optimists and pessimists in cryptocurrency and commodity markets. Second, the originality of this study stems from the fact that the authors make a comparative analysis of hedging behavior across different markets and different periods with and without the impact of confirmation bias. Third, this paper pays attention to the impact of confirmation bias on the expectations and hedging behavior in cryptocurrencies and commodities markets in extremely stressful periods such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

Details

EuroMed Journal of Business, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1450-2194

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 22 July 2020

Wen-Lung Shiau, Ye Yuan, Xiaodie Pu, Soumya Ray and Charlie C. Chen

The purpose of this study is to clarify theory and identify factors that could explain the level of fintech continuance intentions with an expectation confirmation model that…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to clarify theory and identify factors that could explain the level of fintech continuance intentions with an expectation confirmation model that integrates self-efficacy theory.

Design/methodology/approach

With data collected from 753 fintech users, this study applies partial least square structural equation modeling to compare and select the research model with the most predictive power.

Findings

The results show that financial self-efficacy, technological self-efficacy and confirmation positively affect perceived usefulness. Among these factors, financial self-efficacy and technological self-efficacy have both direct and indirect effects through confirmation on perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness and confirmation are positively related to satisfaction. Finally, perceived usefulness and satisfaction positively influence fintech continuance intentions.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies that investigates the effect of domain-specific self-efficacy on fintech continuance intentions, which enriches the existing research on fintech and deepens our understanding of users' fintech continuance intentions. We distinguish between financial self-efficacy and technological self-efficacy and specify the relationship between self-efficacy and continuance intentions. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of assessing a model's predictive power using the PLSpredict technique and provides a reference for model selection.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 120 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 April 2011

G. Peevers, G. Douglas, D. Marshall and M.A. Jack

The purpose of this paper is to deliver empirical results on the effects of (out‐of‐band) short message service (SMS) confirmation messages after transactions have been completed…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to deliver empirical results on the effects of (out‐of‐band) short message service (SMS) confirmation messages after transactions have been completed in an automated interactive voice response (IVR) telephone banking service. The research seeks to discover if SMS confirmations have a positive effect on customer relationship to furnish evidence for a proposed business case for a multi‐channel banking service. The paper aims to offer results on customer attitude on the role of SMS with IVR as a multi‐channel customer relationship management (CRM) strategy in digital banking.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is an empirical study based on a controlled laboratory experiment using bank customers as participants. Questionnaires and user observation techniques were employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data, which were analysed using repeated measures ANOVAs.

Findings

Transaction confirmation is shown to be important to customers – whether by an SMS message or within the IVR telephone call itself. Customers judged the role of SMS for CRM as highly desirable after monetary transactions; they prefer the version of the IVR banking service that provides (out‐of‐band) SMS confirmation compared to one that does not – and they judged it significantly higher for quality. However, there were no significant differences detected between customer attitude scores for usability of IVR calls involving funds transfers with, or without, an SMS confirmation. As a consequence, the business case was only developed as far as inclusion of transaction confirmation within the IVR call itself, and not extended to use of SMS.

Practical implications

Implications from the results are offered as management insights for the financial services sector in seeking integrated mobile CRM strategies, or “next call avoidance” strategies.

Originality/value

The paper reports findings from a controlled experiment with 116 participants that was based on extension of an existing IVR telephone banking service with which they were all familiar as users.

Details

International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. 29 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-2323

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 April 2022

Deepak Jaiswal, Vikrant Kaushal, Ashutosh Mohan and Park Thaichon

The main objectives of this study are (1) to identify the determinants of pre- and post-adoption dynamics of mobile wallets (m-wallets) usage; (2) to propose and test the linkage…

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Abstract

Purpose

The main objectives of this study are (1) to identify the determinants of pre- and post-adoption dynamics of mobile wallets (m-wallets) usage; (2) to propose and test the linkage framework of pre-adoption and post-adoption dynamics to understand consumers' psyche of m-wallets usage and (3) to examine the moderation of select demographic variables in the path of consumers' continued usage of m-wallets.

Design/methodology/approach

The study considered a cross-sectional approach using a questionnaire survey method. The research model encapsulating pre- and post-adoption dynamics of the m-wallet was examined using a sample of 574 users. The analysis also comprised mediation, moderation and multi-group analysis (MGA).

Findings

The results identified key antecedents of confirmation, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and individual mobility. Findings also confirmed the partial mediation effects of satisfaction between confirmation and continuance intentions. Results also confirmed the moderating effects of age and education on the relationship between confirmation and satisfaction.

Originality/value

The key contribution of the study is in the form of research progression related to m-wallet usage to test the extended expectation-confirmation model (EECM) in the Indian context by linking the pre-adoption paradigm of extended (unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) UTAUT with individual mobility and post-adoption dynamics of the ECM. The considered framework study also draws support for the role of select demographic variables.

Article
Publication date: 2 June 2021

Muh-Chyun Tang and Pei-Min Wu

The study explored users' tendency of confirmation bias when processing congenial vs. uncongenial electronic-word-of-mouth (e-WOM) about mystery fictions, a hedonic product…

Abstract

Purpose

The study explored users' tendency of confirmation bias when processing congenial vs. uncongenial electronic-word-of-mouth (e-WOM) about mystery fictions, a hedonic product category with strong experience and hedonic characters.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-stage judgment approach was employed where the participants were asked to judge a set of mystery novels twice: one before, and another after they were exposed to positive and negative e-WOM. The first-stage judgment established two favored and two disfavored titles by each participant. They were then asked to read six consumer reviews – three positive and three negative – for each of the four titles. The procedures created four review evaluation situations: two congruent and two incongruent, which allowed the authors to assess the participants' perceptions of congenial and uncongenial reviews and their rating adjustments of the titles. Participants' involvement in mystery novels was also measured to test its moderating effect on confirmation bias.

Findings

Confirmation bias in the evaluation of e-WOM was observed and reinforced by the user's involvement in the genre. Congenial reviews were perceived to be significantly more credible, better reflect the intrinsic value of a title and less subjectively motivated than uncongenial reviews. Furthermore, after exposure to equal amount of positive and negative e-WOM, an asymmetrical adjustment of final rating of the titles was observed. A significantly greater downward adjustment was observed for disfavored than favored titles. Stronger positive confirmation bias was also observed in the evaluation of WOM.

Research limitations/implications

Previous studies on e-WOM have shown conflicting findings on the relative efficacy of positive vs. negative reviews. By introducing the factor of prior attitudes, the study demonstrated that whether WOM is consistent with an individual's prior attitude, rather than the valences of WOM in itself, determines its persuasiveness. Thus, it established the confirmation bias in users' processing of e-WOM. The finding highlights the importance for marketers to establish a positive initial impression, which, as the findings demonstrated, helps alleviate the damages caused by negative WOM.

Originality/value

This is the first study that has ever attempted to study the effect of confirmation bias during the users' processing of e-WOM in an experimental setting. By having the participants judge the books before and after exposure to congenial and uncongenial e-WOM, the authors were able to establish the link between the users' prior commitment to a book and their subsequent judgment of both the titles and the e-WOM.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-01-2020-0026

Details

Online Information Review, vol. 46 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1468-4527

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 May 2021

Kyung Young Lee, Lorn Sheehan, Kiljae Lee and Younghoon Chang

Based on the post-acceptance model of information system continuance (PAMISC), this study investigates the influence of the early-stage users' personal traits (specifically…

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Abstract

Purpose

Based on the post-acceptance model of information system continuance (PAMISC), this study investigates the influence of the early-stage users' personal traits (specifically personal innovativeness and technology anxiety) and ex-post instrumentality perceptions (specifically price value, hedonic motivation, compatibility and perceived security) on social diffusion of smart technologies measured by the intention to recommend artificial intelligence-based voice assistant systems (AIVAS) to others.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data from 400 US AIVAS users were collected and analyzed with Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 18.0 and the partial least square technique using advanced analysis of composites (ADANCO) 2.1.

Findings

AIVAS technology is presently at the early stage of market penetration (about 25% of market penetration in the USA). A survey of AIVAS technology users reveals that personal innovativeness is directly and indirectly (through confirmation and continuance) associated with a stronger intention to recommend the use of the device to others. Confirmation is associated with all four ex-post instrumentality perceptions (hedonic motivation, compatibility, price value and perceived security). Among the four, however, only hedonic motivation and compatibility are significant predictors of satisfaction, which lead to use continuance and, eventually, intention to recommend. Finally, technology anxiety is found to be indirectly (but not directly) associated with a lower intention to recommend.

Originality/value

This is the first study conducted on the early-stage AIVAS users that evaluates the influence of both personal traits and ex-post instrumentality perceptions on users' intention for continuance and recommendation to others.

Article
Publication date: 26 October 2018

Patrik Fager

Confirmations are applied in kit preparation for mixed-model assembly to promote quality, but research that explains the impact on time efficiency has been lacking. The purpose of…

Abstract

Purpose

Confirmations are applied in kit preparation for mixed-model assembly to promote quality, but research that explains the impact on time efficiency has been lacking. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which the type of confirmation method relates to time-efficient kit preparation when order batching is applied.

Design/methodology/approach

An industrially relevant laboratory experiment is applied, simulating kit preparation with order batching for mixed-model assembly. The time efficiency is studied as associated with four confirmation methods – barcode ring scanner, button presses, voice commands and RFID-reading wristbands – when applied as pick-from and place-to confirmation. Furthermore, the paper also considers the quality outcome.

Findings

Efficiency is promoted by methods that minimise interrupting the picker’s motions when performing pick-from confirmations and with methods that allow each hand to place components and perform place-to confirmations simultaneously – here represented by button presses and RFID-reading wristbands. Moreover, combining various methods for the tasks of pick-from or place-to confirmation can benefit efficiency.

Research limitations/implications

Pickers at an early stage of the learning curve (one shift of training) were considered.

Practical implications

The findings promote the customised applications of picking information systems in industry.

Social implications

Combining various methods for the tasks of pick-from and place-to confirmation can provide more fitting applications that better align with the picker’s preferences.

Originality/value

Combinations of various methods when applied as either pick-from or place-to confirmation, or both, are studied.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 119 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 4 December 2012

C. Bryan Cloyd, Brian C. Spilker and David A. Wood

Prior research provides evidence that, when searching for information to resolve client issues, tax professionals’ search processes are subject to confirmation bias. That is…

Abstract

Prior research provides evidence that, when searching for information to resolve client issues, tax professionals’ search processes are subject to confirmation bias. That is, their search tends to focus on information consistent with client preferences at the expense of attending to information that is contrary to client preferences. Although tax professionals are client advocates, such confirmation bias in information search is problematic because it may lead to systematic upward bias in assessments of the evidential support for client-preferred positions and to overly aggressive recommendations. In addition to their clients, tax staff professionals are also accountable to their supervisors. Therefore, this study investigates whether staff professionals’ confirmation bias in information search is influenced by their supervisor's initial belief concerning whether the client-preferred tax position can or cannot be supported. We predict that confirmation bias will be stronger when the supervisor's belief is consistent with client preference than when it is not. We report the results of an experiment in which 83 experienced tax professionals performed a simulated research task. We manipulated the client's preferred tax position and the supervisor's initial belief in a 2×2 between-subjects design. Our results generally support our hypotheses in a case in which the client recognized a loss. However, when the client recognized a gain, the results do not support our hypotheses. We also find that measures of confirmation bias are positively associated with subordinates’ assessments of the evidential support for the client-preferred position and that evidential support assessments are positively associated with the strength of recommendations for the client-preferred position.

Details

Advances in Taxation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78052-593-8

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 16 August 2021

Shea X. Fan and Anne-Wil Harzing

Employing expatriates who share an ethnicity with host country employees (HCEs) is a widespread expatriate selection strategy. However, little research has compared how…

Abstract

Employing expatriates who share an ethnicity with host country employees (HCEs) is a widespread expatriate selection strategy. However, little research has compared how expatriates and HCEs perceive this shared ethnicity. Drawing upon an identity perspective, we propose HCEs' ethnic identity confirmation, the level of agreement between how an HCE views the importance of his/her own ethnic identity and how expatriates view the importance of the HCE's ethnic identity, affects HCEs' attitudes toward ethnically similar expatriates. Results of two experiments show that HCEs' ethnic identity confirmation is related to HCEs' perception of expatriates' trustworthiness and knowledge-sharing intention.

Details

Intercultural Management in Practice
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-827-0

Keywords

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