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Scholars of persuasion have long made a distinction between appeals to logic, emotion and authority- logos, ethos and pathos- but ideas developed to account for live face-to-face conversation processes must also be tested in new media. We aimed to test the effectiveness of these three strategies in one-to-one chats through different communication media.

With a 3 × 3 × 2 between-subject factorial design, we tested these three strategies in one-to-one chats (female–female or male–male pairs) through three communication media: face-to-face, Skype video or Skype text. The persuasion scenario was adapted from prior studies in which students were presented with the idea of requiring a comprehensive exam as part of their degree. The participants were all undergraduate students of a major university in USA.

Our results showed trivial differences between female–female and male–male conditions. The logos appeal worked best overall in persuading the participants to change their reported attitudes. Additionally, the explanations provided by the participants for their own opinions were most like the persuasion scripts in the logos condition compared to the other two appeal conditions. Separately, participants indicated some disapproval of the pathos appeal in the text-based chat condition, although this did not seem to make a difference in terms of actual attitude change.

One major limitation of our study is that our subjects are college students and therefore are not representative of Internet users in general. Future research should test these three types of persuasion strategies on people of diverse backgrounds. For example, while logos seems to be most effective strategy in persuading college students (at least in our study), pathos or ethos may be more effective when one attempts to persuade people of different backgrounds.

Although it is enough for a statistical test, our sample size is still relatively small due to constraints on time, personnel and funding. We also recognize that it is challenging both conceptually and empirically to compare the effectiveness of three persuasion strategies separately.

Our findings suggest it is helpful to use fact-checking tools to combat disinformation in cases where users may not have sufficient domain knowledge or may not realize the need to identify or examine the given information. Additionally, it may require more effort to negate the impact of the disinformation spread than correcting the information, as some users may not only believe false information but also may start to reason in ways similar to those presented in the disinformation messages.

Past studies on online persuasion have limitedly examined whether and how communication media and persuasion strategies interact in one-to-one persuasion sessions. Our experiment makes an attempt to close this gap by examining the persuasion process and outcome in three different communication media and with three different persuasion strategies.

This study explores how businesses can effectively market functional and emotional benefits through virtual corporate social responsibility co-creation (VCSRC) initiatives. The aim is to enhance customer engagement through these initiatives.

The initial phase of this study involved recruiting 185 Chinese university students as participants. These individuals were randomly distributed into four distinct experimental groups, each designed to investigate the influence of varied marketing appeals and common in-group identity (CIGI) on consumer engagement willingness. This phase also sought to elucidate the mediating role of CSR associations in these dynamics. Following this, the second study engaged 570 individuals, recruited through “Credamo,” for a group-based experiment. This subsequent phase was intended to validate the findings of the preliminary study and explore the varying intensities of interaction between different marketing appeals and CIGI, with a particular focus on the dichotomy of independent and interdependent self-construals.

The study delineates a detailed relationship between consumers' willingness to participate in VCSRC, marketing appeals, and common in-group identity, revealing that strong common in-group identity correlates with a preference for functional appeals, while a weaker in-group identity inclines towards emotional appeals. Notably, interdependent self-construal significantly influences consumer responses, intensifying the interaction between in-group identity and marketing appeal and thereby influencing participation willingness. Moreover, CSR associations emerge as key mediators in this interaction, underscoring their role in enhancing the effectiveness of VCSRC strategies. These insights provide a new understanding of the crucial impact of consumer identity traits on marketing strategy efficacy.

This research stands as a trailblazing endeavor in evaluating the effects of varied advertising appeals under the VCSR paradigm. It probes into the foundational mechanisms, leveraging insights from interaction alignment theory and persuasion theory to elucidate the processes involved.

The study employs two independent experimental studies to collect data. It focuses on the matching effect between advertising appeals and product types. The Elaboration Likelihood Model serves as the theoretical framework for understanding the cognitive processing involved in consumers' responses to these advertising appeals and product combinations.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of advertising appeals on consumers' intentions to purchase organic food. We explored the interaction between advertising appeals (egoistic vs altruistic) and product types (virtue vs vice) and purchase intention. The goal is to provide insights that can enhance the advertising effectiveness of organic food manufacturers and retailers.

The analysis reveals significant effects on consumers' purchase intentions based on the matching of advertising appeals with product types. Specifically, when egoistic appeals align with virtuous products, there is an improvement in consumers' purchase intentions. When altruistic appeals match vice products, a positive impact on purchase intention is observed. The results suggest that the matching of advertising appeals with product types enhances processing fluency, contributing to increased purchase intention.

This research contributes to the field by providing nuanced insights into the interplay between advertising appeals and product types within the context of organic food. The findings highlight the importance of considering the synergy between egoistic appeals and virtuous products, as well as altruistic appeals and vice products. This understanding can be strategically employed by organic food manufacturers and retailers to optimize their advertising strategies, thereby improving their overall effectiveness in influencing consumers' purchase intentions.

The Minister of Social Security, in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 38(3), 39, 40(4), 41, 42, 50 and 54 of the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1965, and section 75(2) of the National Insurance Act 1965, as amended by sections 8 and 9 of the National Insurance Act 1966, and of all other powers enabling her in that behalf and for the purpose only of consolidating the regulations hereby revoked, after consultation with the Council on Tribunals, hereby makes the following regulations:—

March 13, 1969 Trade union — Amalgamation — Pending appeals — Provision for appeal from executive decision to expel member — Rules providing for appeal to be heard at specified time — Expelled member setting down notice of appeal — Union amalgamating with another union before appeal heard — New rules for amalgamated unions not covering pending appeals — Expelled member's appeal not heard at specified date — Attempt by new executive to provide for later hearing of pending appeals — Validity — Whether expulsion should be set aside.

The Minister of Social Security, in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 38(3), 39, 40(4), 41, 42, 50 and 54 of the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1965(a), and section 75(2) of the National Insurance Act 1965(b), as amended by sections 8 and 9 of the National Insurance Act 1966(c), and of all other powers enabling her in that behalf and for the purpose only of consolidating the regulations hereby revoked, hereby makes the following regulations:—

Rights of appeal against decisions of the new Tribunal are not found in the 1993 Education Act. The statute which creates such a right appears to give a choice of appeal route, and does not refer at all to the distinct legal procedure of judicial review. But recent cases have effectively limited rights of appeal from the Tribunal, to an appeal to the High Court on a point of law only, via a particular procedure, and precluded the alternative routes. However, even the way in which the cases are still being indexed and written about, in journals and digests, may perpetuate confusion among practitioners. The writer has heard, anecdotally, that Tribunals themselves are often insisting on being made parties to appeals, and, indeed, SENTs continue to appear in the books as respondents to appeals. The implications for local authority legal and education officers, and for advice workers, particularly as to time limits and legal aid, are considered in this article.

This paper aims to present the issue of glocalization in transnational advertising and to investigate various patterns of global‐local fusion in the discursive construction of automobile advertisements in People's Republic of China.

A sample of 110 web ads is collected between 2004 and 2005, representing product branding from the local enterprises, the joint‐venture enterprises, and the foreign enterprises in the automobile industry in People's Republic of China. A tripartite framework is developed to examine the patterns of global‐local fusion in the ads along three dimensions: value appeals, language appeals, and visual appeals.

The paper finds that the global appeals tend to be used more frequently in the value dimension while the local appeals tend to be used more frequently in the language dimension, while there is not much difference in the frequency of distribution in the global versus the local appeals in the visual dimension. Furthermore, a large number of the multinational advertisers tend to hybridize both the global and the local elements and there are three possible patterns as representing the scenarios of the global and local fusion in the discourse of Chinese advertising: weak globalization but strong localization, strong globalization but weak localization, and a balanced correspondence between the global and local elements.

The paper has developed a tripartite framework for systematically examining the phenomenon of global‐local hybridity in the discourse of Chinese advertising and calls for attention to the process as well as products of glocalization in the other forms of transnational corporate practice.

Currently, within the UK there are in operation three quite distinct rating appeal systems, one each for England and Wales, for Scotland and for Northern Ireland. In each, there are particular rules pertaining to such matters as the rights of a ratepayer to appeal, time limits to instigate appeals and the forums or mechanisms for dealing with appeals. Quinquennial revaluations are now the “norm” for Scotland, England and Wales and potentially for Northern Ireland, with the result that appeals against assessments are increasing across all three jurisdictions. In recognition of the fact that as rating valuers now represent clients across the breadth of the UK, this necessitates a working knowledge of each of the appeal processes. Focuses attention, therefore, on those procedural matters relevant to rating appeals in Northern Ireland.

In the public dialogue on industrial democracy there has been an undue concentration on certain restricted aspects. Two, in particular, have dominated the debate: how and by whom top policy decisions are to be made; and who is to own the business or how are its benefits to be shared out. This is to neglect certain other basic concepts seen to be critical to the running of a healthy social democracy. One of the important corner‐stones of social democracy is the right of appeal by the citizen against a decision or a judgment made by some person in authority ever that citizen. Speaking in very broad terms, this right of appeal, considered essential in social democracy, has never been transferred to or conceded in industrial democracy in any country. Indeed it is rarely, if ever, raised as an issue. It is the absence of this right of appeal which results in an undue number of strikes — often the only alternative. Right of appeal is a democratic method; instant strike is the primitive use of power. At the forefront of this matter stands Glacier Metal. This article describes the appeals procedure in that company. To avoid any misunderstanding it has to be made clear that what is involved is right of appeal against some order or command made by a manager to one of his subordinates, to which the subordinate might object or feel the order to be in some way unjust or improper.