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The purpose of this article is to help students to move from ICT access to knowledge sharing.

An overview of the literature on information literacy skills and the digital divide, an analysis of information seeking research, as well as experience in teaching a course in advanced information retrieval at the Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa, inspired a theoretical model for addressing different layers of the digital divide.

The digital divide concerns more than just ICT access and information skills. Individual commitment, group work, and intellectual and academic support from the institution might contribute to bringing people to higher levels of knowledge generation and communication.

At this stage it is a theoretical model that needs to be tested in practice.

The model should hold possibilities for information literacy programs, programs in information retrieval, collaborative learning, and the developments of communities of practice.

The proposed model allows for higher levels of knowledge sharing and should help society to bridge the digital divide.

Describes the areas of human resource development that come under the administration of the Human Resources Development Bureau of the Ministry of Labour in Japan, and are administered through human resource development councils at the central and prefectural level. The recent rapid changes in industrial and demographic structures necessitated a systematic training for new skills and upgrading of the current ones for people who enter the labour market for the first time as well as those who are changing jobs. The Ministry’s role is to provide the integrated system of training opportunities, evaluation and certification, and the financial support to encourage participation of an increasing number of workers in vocational education, to improve their future prospects in employment. In particular, the establishment of the Business Career Development System is a reflection of a trend from generalist training of managers hitherto carried out in‐company to specialist development now offered outside the company.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual linkage between life‐work balance and emotional intelligence (EI).

Based on a review of the literature, it is suggested that life experiences contribute to the development of EI, which then moderates the individual's life‐work balance. The effect of emotions in an individual's personal life environment is of primary importance in the development of EI, which influences the work environment. The effects of work experience on one's personal life are influenced significantly by the level of emotional intelligence.

The level of EI is viewed as central to developing an individual's life‐work balance, and the primary effect of one's personal life suggests that it is more appropriate to view work as a component of overall life satisfaction; hence the use of the term “life‐work balance”.

The paper is a theoretical development of a model that emphasizes the role of emotional intelligence in life‐work balance; as such, there is a need for empirical research to examine the propositions generated by this analysis.

Managers should seek to develop emotional intelligence in the work setting to improve employees' abilities to manage life‐work balance.

This paper extends current research on EI and life‐work balance by conceptually integrating these two concepts and provides a framework for future research and investigation.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the key factors influencing the service innovation of mobile social networks (MSNs), figure out the mechanism of all factors in different stages of service innovation and help mobile social application developers promote better service innovation.

From previous research, this paper adopted nine initial factors that influence the service innovation of MSNs, and divide the service innovation process into three stages (i.e. demand analysis, service design and innovation implementation). On that basis, the authors constructed a model, and then collected data from 184 managers from 20 leading MSN corporates in China through questionnaires to examine the model. Furthermore, factor analysis was used to extract key factors influencing the service innovation of MSNs, correlation analysis was employed to discuss the relationship among factors and regression analysis was applied to explore their specific roles in different stages in the service innovation process.

The empirical results show that the service innovation of MSNs is mainly influenced by five key factors: user, developer, market environment, social environment and technology. The authors found that different factors played remarkably different roles in the three stages. In specific, all factors but technology are important in the demand analysis stage; all factors but social environment are critical to service design; and all factors but user contribute to the implementation of service innovation.

The results of this study can help mobile social application developers and mobile social service providers in China to better understand the driving force of service innovation and what should be emphasized in different stages, and then find the optimal path to implement service innovation, improve their service quality and user experience and facilitate the development of Chinese MSNs.

This is the first research that comprehensively explores factors influencing the service innovation of Chinese MSNs from multi-dimensional perspectives, which provides profound theoretical guidance to the practice of service innovation in China. Also, it contributes to the development of innovation theory of traditional web services.

This chapter considers the processes supporting dynamic agglomeration in the British broadcasting industry. It compares and contrasts the insights offered by cultural geography and more conventionally economic approaches. It finds that culture and institutions are fundamental to the constitution of production and exchange relationships and also that they solve fundamental economic problems of coordinating resources under conditions of uncertainty and limited information. Processes at a range of spatial scales are important, from highly local to global, and conventional economics casts some light on which firms are most active and successful in both domestic and international activities.

To explore potential mismatches between stakeholders' perceptions and expectations of key and technical skills needed for an advanced modern apprentice within the UK.

Using data collected from the automotive sector, the template process is used to establish lecturer, student and employee stakeholder group's expectations of a person taking up employment alongside an advanced modern apprenticeship or as an advanced modern apprentice. Perceptions of the extent to which expectations are met and their relative importance are assessed.

All stakeholders acknowledge that a skills gap exists across key and technical skills. However, whilst students focus on technical skills, lecturers and employees place greatest emphasis on key skills and their ability to transfer them.

Although this research is based on the UK automotive sector, the findings emphasise the importance of key skills and understanding as part of students' learning. Research is needed to establish why students appear to undervalue these and establish whether similar patterns exist in other sectors.

The voluntarist approach to UK vocational education and training has, when combined with the need for further education colleges to be economically viable, resulted in courses that appear attractive but do not always meet the automotive sector's needs. Research is needed to establish whether this is occurring across other sectors.

This template process offers a new technique to explore stakeholders' perceptions and expectations. The findings provide new insights into the mismatches between expectations of the stakeholders in vocational education and training.

Previous research has predominately focused on the servitization strategies of western manufacturers in advanced economies, neglecting the potential for servitization in those which are emerging, such as China. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the external service partner network of a European manufacturer providing services in China, in order to develop a better understanding of the resulting and associated challenges.

An in-depth case study approach was used to examine the parent company, its subsidiary in China and the related service partner network. Data collection involved all three actors and took place in Denmark and China.

The findings suggest that motivation, opportunity and ability (MOA) need not only be mutually reinforcing for the organization attempting to move toward services but also aligned between organizational units, as well as with the service partner network. Furthermore, the findings suggest that while service partners are typically closer to the market, they may not be able to deliver the higher value-added services requiring customization.

This study is limited to a single manufacturer attempting servitization in China. Future studies may consider other case firms in other markets.

The MOA framework provides a basis for understanding the managerial challenges of aligning and coordinating the MOA elements amongst different actors.

This paper contributes by exploring servitization in an emerging market through the MOA framework in order to better understand the challenges and complexities. Servitization is found to be a dynamic phenomenon which should be understood as a movement that is also dependent on an external service partner possessing the necessary capabilities. In turn, this requires understanding the MOAs of all actors in a network and how they may be influenced in order for the MOA elements to be mutually reinforcing.

The purpose of this study is to discuss how consumers accept advanced artificial intelligence (AI) robots in hospitality and tourism and provide a typology and conceptual framework to support future research on advanced robot applicability.

This research reviews current cases of AI use and technology acceptance model (TAM) studies and proposes a framework, interactive technology acceptance model (iTAM), to identify key determinants that stimulate consumer perceptions of advanced robot technology acceptance.

The main constructs and types of advanced robots were identified by reviewing TAM studies and AI robots that are currently used in the tourism and hospitality industry. This research found that as technologies tested in TAM studies have been improved by highly interactive systems, increased capability and a more user-friendly interface, examining perceived interactivity of technology has become more important for advanced robot acceptance models. The examples of advanced robot uses indicate that each machine learning application changes the robots’ task performance and interaction with consumers. Conducting experimental studies and measuring the interactivity of advanced robots are vital for future research.

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on how consumers accept AI robots with machine learning applications in the tourism and hospitality industry. The iTAM framework provides fundamental constructs for future studies of what influences consumer acceptance of AI robots as innovative technology, and iTAM can be applied to empirical experiments and research to generate long-term strategies and specific tips to implement and manage various advanced robots.

旅游和酒店业机器人的机器学习：交互式技术接受模型（iTAM）–前沿研究

这项研究旨在讨论消费者如何在酒店和旅游业中接受先进的人工智能（AI）机器人, 并提供类型学和概念框架来支持有关先进机器人适用性的未来研究。

这项研究回顾了AI使用和技术接受模型（TAM）研究的当前案例, 并提出了一个框架, 即交互式技术接受模型（iTAM）, 以识别能够激发消费者对先进机器人技术接受程度的认知的关键因素。

通过回顾当前在旅游和酒店业中使用的TAM研究和AI机器人, 本文确定了高级机器人的主要结构和类型。研究发现, 由于TAM中的技术已通过高度互动的系统, 增强的功能以及更友好的用户界面进行了改进, 因此, 对于先进的机器人接受模型而言, 检查感知技术交互性已变得越来越重要。先进的机器人使用案例表明, 每个机器学习应用程序都会改变机器人的任务性能以及与消费者的互动。进行实验研究和测量高级机器人的交互性对于将来的研究来说是至关重要的方向。

这是关于消费者如何在旅游和酒店业中接受具有机器学习应用程序的AI机器人的首次研究。iTAM框架为将来的研究提供了基础结构, 以了解哪些因素会影响消费者对AI机器人作为创新技术的接受程度。iTAM亦可以用于实证实验和研究, 以提供实施和管理各种先进机器人的长期策略和具体技巧。

iTAM,机器学习,人工智能机器人, 技术接受, 感知交互性, 人工智能机器人的类型

纸张类型概念纸

概念性文章

El Machine Learning (Aprendizaje Automático) de robots en turismo y hotelería: Modelo de Aceptación de Tecnología Interactiva (iTAM): tecnología de punta

El objetivo de este estudio, es analizar la aceptación que tienen los robots avanzados de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) por parte de los consumidores de hoteles y turismo y proporcionar una tipología y un marco conceptual para apoyar la investigación futura sobre la aplicabilidad avanzada de estos robots.

Esta investigación, revisa los casos actuales de uso de IA y estudios del Modelo de Aceptación de Tecnología (TAM) y propone: el Modelo de Aceptación de Tecnología Interactiva (iTAM) para identificar los determinantes clave que estimulan las percepciones del consumidor sobre la aceptación avanzada de la tecnología de robots.

Los principales prototipos de robots avanzados se identificaron mediante la revisión de los estudios TAM y de IA sobre robots que se utilizan actualmente en la industria del turismo y la hostelería. Esta investigación, encontró que a medida que las tecnologías testadas en los estudios TAM, se han mejorado mediante la incorporación de sistemas altamente interactivos, aumentando la capacidad y mejorando la usabilidad de la interfaz; se ha vuelto más importante examinar la interactividad percibida de la tecnología para los modelos avanzados de aceptación de robots. Los ejemplos de usos avanzados de robots, indican que cada aplicación de aprendizaje automático varía el rendimiento de la tarea de los robots y la interacción con los consumidores. La realización de estudios experimentales y la medición de la interactividad de los robots avanzados son vitales para futuras investigaciones.

Este es el primer estudio sobre como los consumidores del sector turístico y hotelero aceptan los robots de IA basado en aplicaciones de machine learning (aprendizaje automático). El marco iTAM proporciona constructos fundamentales para futuros estudios sobre los factores que influyen en el consumidor a la hora de aceptar los robots de IA como tecnología innovadora. iTAM se podría aplicar a experimentos empíricos e investigaciones con el objetivo de generar estrategias a largo plazo y consejos específicos para implementar y administrar varios robots avanzados.

iTAM, Aprendizaje automático, Robot de inteligencia artificial, Aceptación de tecnología, Interactividad percibida, Tipo de robot IA

Tipo de papel Papel conceptual

The purpose of this paper is to lay out how advanced practitioner development occurs in New Zealand primary health care settings. The paper specifically focuses on mechanisms occurring across policy creation and in practice leading to successful role development.

The authors applied a realist approach involving interviews, document review and field log observations to create refined theories explaining how successful development occurs.

Three final mechanisms were found to influence successful advanced practitioner role development: engagement in planning and integrating roles; establishing opportunities as part of a well-defined career pathway; and championing role uptake and work to full scopes of practice.

This research focuses on one snapshot in time only; it illustrates the importance of actively managing health workforce change. Future investigations should involve the continued and systematic evaluation of advanced practitioner development.

The successful development of advanced practitioner roles in a complex system necessitates recognising how to trigger mechanisms occurring at times well beyond their introduction.

Potential candidates for new roles should expect roadblocks in their development journey. Successfully situating these roles into practice through having a sustainable and stable workforce supply provides patients with access to a wider range of services.

This is the first time a realist evaluation has been undertaken, in New Zealand, of similar programmes operating across multiple sites. The paper brings insights into the process of developing new health programmes within an already established system.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.

Data for this study was collected via face-to-face interviews with handicraft sellers in Fiji and Tonga. In total, 368 interviews were conducted in Fiji and Tonga out of which, 48 was from Tonga and 320 was from Fiji.

The results of this study show that eight factors; namely, value adding, design uniqueness, new product development, cultural uniqueness, advanced technology, experience of owner, ability of owner to adapt to trends in market and quality of raw materials have significant impact on level of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.

To date, none of the existing studies have examined determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of the Pacific Island countries. This is a pioneering study that examines determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.