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The composition and corrosion behaviors of recycled and virgin Pb anode were investigated in industrial zinc electrowinning solution with different methods. The purpose of this study is the illustration of good anticorrosion activity of virgin Pb anodes compared to recycled one in industrial operation, while the compositions of both of them are the same which obtained from quantmetry method.

Its corrosion properties and electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction were appraised using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic polarization and ionic equilibrium methods. In addition, composition of anodes investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method. The surface composition of samples was studied via X-ray diffractogram (XRD).

The results indicate that the anodes display different anodic behaviors during the galvanostatic polarization. Virgin Pb anode shows a “potential reduction” about 320 mV lower than recycled Pb anode after 6 h of polarization; also, the stable potential after 72 h for virgin Pb anode is 100 mV lower than recycled Pb anode. Also, The XPS results show a trace amount of Cl in recycled anodes which cause the more corrosion activity. XRD results indicate that virgin Pb anodes have been covered by more oxides than recycled anodes after 72 h of electrowinning.

The treatment of corrosion behavior by virginity has not been detected by any researchers yet. Therefore, it is imperative to study the corrosion behavior and exact composition analysis of virgin and recycled Pb anodes to comprehension of them. This paper fulfills this need.

THE APPLICATION of cathodic protection to marine structures, using both galvanic and impressed current systems, is a well‐established technique for reducing or preventing corrosion. It has been shown, for example, that a galvanic system applied to US Navy destroyers reduced maintenance costs by $10,000– $20,000 per ship per overhaul, and it is likely that impressed current systems will effect greater savings. Lead alloy anodes, or lead‐platinum bi‐electrodes, are being increasingly used for marine cathodic protection systems since they not only have a greater robustness than platinum or graphite anodes (and a greater coulometric efficiency than graphite) as well as lower consumption rates. The long life and ease of installation of lead alloy anodes, together with their high current carrying capacity, are strong reasons for their use.

Anodic behaviour of lead and lead alloys A guide to the use of lead and lead alloys as anodic materials in such processes as cathodic protection, electrolysis, electrosynthesis, electrodeposition, electrowinning, and pollution control has just been published by ERA.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential for using chitin and chitosan sustainable materials to absorb copper from PCB manufacturing effluent and to report the results of an initial feasibility study aimed at demonstrating proof of concept.

Crab shells and prawn shells, both waste products of the seafood industry, as well as chitosan, were evaluated as potential absorbents for recovering copper present at low levels in the manufacturing effluent produced in a UK‐based PCB manufacturing facility. Various conditions were investigated and efforts were also made to recover absorbed copper via a regeneration process that enabled the metal to be electroplated from solution.

Although only a short feasibility study, conditions were found that enabled copper to be absorbed by the ground crab shells and chitosan and then subsequently recovered by electrowinning to produce the metal.

Although successful as a feasibility study, the experimental work highlighted the large number of variables that need to be investigated and optimised in order to obtain the most efficient copper capture and recovery. Further work needs to be carried out to determine these optimum conditions and to investigate the potential for recovery of other metals from a wider range of solutions.

The paper details how individual treatment technologies can be combined to enable a much more sustainable approach to PCB manufacturing which offers the benefits of reduced effluent metal levels, metal recovery and a novel use for another sector's waste products.

Measures the rates of the copper (II)/steel cementation reaction in organic‐water mixture solvent at 25°C using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relation between In C0/C and t in the absence of non‐aqueous solvent and at very diluted CuSO4 solution is given by In C0/C= k.A.t/V, while in the organic‐water mixture the data fit the equation of In C0lC= b+kAt/V. Finds that the rate constant of the cementation reaction increases with increasing the dielectric constant of the mixture. The rate of cementation increased in the order: water > methanol > ethanol > n‐propanol > 2‐propanol.

The rates of copper/zinc cementation reaction in isobutanol‐water mixture was measured at different temperatures using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The rate of cementation decreases with increasing the percentage composition of alcohol, and increases by increasing temperature and the rate of rotation. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH*, ΔG* and ΔS* were calculated.

This paper aims to improve the corrosion resistance performance and stability of PbO₂ electrodes in chloride wastewater.

The morphology of PbO₂-ZrO₂ nanocomposite electrodes was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The open circuit potential (OCP) curves, anodic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectra, accelerated life tests, weight-loss tests and reusability tests were used to study the corrosion resistance properties and stability of PbO₂-ZrO₂ nanocomposite electrodes in NaCl solution.

SEM showed that the surface morphology of PbO₂-ZrO₂ nanocomposite electrodes became compacted and smooth. Electrochemical tests showed that ZrO₂ nanoparticles could increase the OCP, corrosion potential and charge transfer resistance, and decrease the corrosion current density in 3.5 Wt. per cent NaCl electrolyte solution. Besides, PbO₂-ZrO₂ nanocomposite electrodes showed high reusability for acetamiprid degradation, the accelerated service life could reach 146 h, which was almost 3.3 times longer than that of PbO₂ electrodes (44 h), weight-loss tests showed that the corrosion resistance for PbO₂-ZrO₂ nanocomposite electrodes was 2.3 times as compared to PbO₂ electrodes.

By the codeposition of ZrO₂ nanoparticles, the corrosion resistance performance and stability of PbO₂ electrodes in NaCl electrolyte were improved.

New legislation to encourage the recycling of end of life electronics and moves to implement sustainable development in electronics manufacturing have focussed attention on the large quantity of printed circuit boards (PCBs) being consigned to landfill. Also, in a recent investigation conducted on behalf of the UK's Department of Trade and Industry, the need for new methodologies for dealing with end of life circuit boards was identified as a priority issue. Within the UK it is estimated that ∼50,000 tonnes per annum of PCB scrap is currently generated and investigations indicate that only ∼15 per cent is subjected to any form of recycling, with the remainder consigned to landfill. This paper reports the results of a scoping study carried out to identify the technologies and processes that can be used to recycle materials from end of life PCBs.

To provide a summary of research work carried out mainly in the authors' group for evaluating various protective coatings including rustproofing oils, and also for studying corrosion inhibitors using the wire beam electrode (WBE) method.

A range of published papers published during the past 15 years was summarised and reviewed. Recent research work in the authors' group was also included, which involved the combined use of the WBE with electrochemical noise analysis and the scanning reference electrode technique.

The WBE method has been developed into a very useful tool of evaluating the performance of coatings and inhibitors. In particular, The WBE is uniquely applicable for determining the performance of coatings and inhibitors to control localised corrosion.

Focusing mainly on recent research.

A useful source of information for researchers and graduate students working in the areas of organic coating and inhibitor research.

The first summary or review on this research topic.