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The study aims to investigate the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coatings using modified cerium oxide (CeO₂) by terephthalic acid (CeO₂-t) and fumaric acid (CeO₂-f) as corrosion inhibitors.

The chemical state of CeO₂-t, and CeO₂-f were analyzed by infrared radiation (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of different inhibitors on the coating properties was analyzed by neutral salt spray tests (NSST) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

The results of IR and XRD illustrate that the modification of CeO₂ was successful, and fumaric acid underwent a ring-opening reaction with epoxy resin (EP) in the coatings. The results of NSST and EIS showed that the coatings containing CeO₂-f exhibited the best anticorrosion performance.

CeO₂ is an effective inhibitor of the organic coatings. When surface modified, it is chemically bonded to EP, enhancing the anticorrosion performance of EP.

This study seeks to explore the relationship between performance relative to aspiration and SMEs' internationalization speed, and moderating effects of top management's policy knowledge and institutional distance between the above relation.

This study tests the authors’ hypotheses using data on Chinese manufacturing SMEs over a 5-year period from 2013 to 2017. The authors leverage archival panel data on publicly listed companies on the SME Board, GEM and New OTC Market in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. The authors then collected data from the WIND and ZEPHYR databases.

The results confirm a U-shaped relation between performance relative to aspiration and SMEs' internationalization speed, and show that this relation is steepening by top management's policy knowledge in home country but flattening by institutional distance as environmental dynamics.

The study findings contribute to the international business field by exploring how a firm's risk situation in internationalization can change, thereby influencing SMEs' international expansion.