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Article
Publication date: 26 October 2019

Effect of grooved cylinder liner depths on the tribological performances of cylinder liner-piston ring

Chao Zhen Yang, Zhiwei Guo and Changkun Xu

Frictions in cylinder liner-piston ring often cause an inevitable loss of energy loss in the diesel engine. This study aims at evaluating the effect of depths in the…

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Abstract

Purpose

Frictions in cylinder liner-piston ring often cause an inevitable loss of energy loss in the diesel engine. This study aims at evaluating the effect of depths in the cylinder liner groove texture on friction, wear and sealing performances.

Design/methodology/approach

Five depths of groove texture cylinder liners (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 µm) were fabricated, and experiments were carried out using a special-purpose diesel engine tester. Comparative analyses of cylinder liner contact resistances, piston ring wear losses and surface appearances were conducted with respect to different surface textures and applied loads.

Findings

Under no-load conditions, the cylinder liner with a 100 deep thread groove can significantly improve sealing and optimize its lubrication performance. On the other hand, the sealing is highly correlated with the depth of groove and the load within the cylinder liner. Under loaded conditions, the thread groove has less effect on the sealing performance.

Originality/value

The findings can provide feasible basis for the tribological design and production of diesel engines.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 72 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-07-2019-0244
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Cylinder liner-piston ring
  • Friction and wear
  • Sealing performance
  • Surface texture
  • Cylinders

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Article
Publication date: 23 September 2019

Effects of different surface grooved cylinder liner on the tribological performance for cylinder liner-piston ring components

Jiazhi Miao, Yongqing Li, Xiang Rao, Libao Zhu, Zhiwei Guo and Chengqing Yuan

The emission from marine engines has a crucial effect on energy economy and environment pollution. One of the effective emission reduction schemes is to minimize the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The emission from marine engines has a crucial effect on energy economy and environment pollution. One of the effective emission reduction schemes is to minimize the friction loss of main friction pairs such as cylinder liner-piston ring (CLPR). Micro-groove textures were designed to accomplish this aim.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors experimentally investigated the effects of micro-groove textures at different cylinder liner positions. The micro-groove texture was fabricated on samples by chemical etching and cut from the real CLPR pair. Sliding contact tests were conducted by a reciprocation test apparatus.

Findings

The average friction coefficient of grooves at 30° inclination were reduced up to 58.22% and produced better tribological behavior at most conditions. The operating condition was the critical factor that determined the optimum texture pattern. The surface morphology indicated that textures could produce smoother surfaces and less scratches as compared with the untextured surface.

Originality/value

Inclined grooves and V-grooves were designed and applied to real CLPR pairs. The knowledge obtained in this study will lead to practical basis for tribological design and manufacturing of CLPR pair in marine diesel engines.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 72 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-01-2019-0012
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Lubrication
  • Surface texture
  • Cylinder liner
  • Micro-grooves
  • Chemical etching

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Article
Publication date: 10 September 2018

Surface texture processing for tribological performance improvement of UHMWPE-based water-lubricated bearings

Zumin Wu, Chenxing Sheng, Zhiwei Guo, Yifei Li, Reza Malekian and Zhixiong Li

Water-lubricated bearings can significantly reduce the pollution to environment because the traditional oil lubricant is replaced by water in the bearings. The ultrahigh…

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Abstract

Purpose

Water-lubricated bearings can significantly reduce the pollution to environment because the traditional oil lubricant is replaced by water in the bearings. The ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has proven to be effective and reliable for the manufacturing of water-lubricated bearings. However, limited work has been done to address the improvement of the tribological performance of the UHMWPE-based water-lubricated bearings using surface texture processing. This paper aims to investigate the effects of bar-grooved surface on the tribological performance improvement of UHMWPE-based water-lubricated bearings.

Design/methodology/approach

For the first time, the bar grooves were processed on the surfaces of UHMWPE-based water-lubricated bearings. The CBZ-1 friction and wear tester have been used to test the wear and friction performance of the bearing samples. The LI laser interference surface contour graph and the digital microscope have been used to measure the surface morphology of the specimens. The tribological characteristics of the tested bearings were analyzed.

Findings

With bar grooves added on the surfaces of the specimens, the friction coefficient of the specimens were lower than that of the specimens without surface texture processing; the wear quantity of the two kinds of specimens were almost the same; by using the LI laser interference surface contour graph and the digital microscope to measure the surface morphology of the specimens, the furrows of the specimens with bar grooves were narrower and shallower than that of the specimens without bar grooves.

Practical implications

The paper implicates that the surface texture processing using bar grooves can reduce the friction coefficient and prolong the service life of the water-lubricated bearings in practical applications.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to provide important theoretical and experimental support to the design of water-lubricated bearings in practical applications.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 70 no. 7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-06-2017-0184
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Tribological performance
  • UHMWPE
  • Bar grooves
  • Surface texture processing
  • Water lubricated bearings

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Article
Publication date: 12 June 2019

Identification of nonlinear state-space time-delay system

Xin Liu, Hang Zhang, Pengbo Zhu, Xianqiang Yang and Zhiwei Du

This paper aims to investigate an identification strategy for the nonlinear state-space model (SSM) in the presence of an unknown output time-delay. The equations to…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate an identification strategy for the nonlinear state-space model (SSM) in the presence of an unknown output time-delay. The equations to estimate the unknown model parameters and output time-delay are derived simultaneously in the proposed strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

The unknown integer-valued time-delay is processed as a latent variable which is uniformly distributed in a priori known range. The estimations of the unknown time-delay and model parameters are both realized using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, which has a good performance in dealing with latent variable issues. Moreover, the particle filter (PF) with an unknown time-delay is introduced to calculated the Q-function of the EM algorithm.

Findings

Although amounts of effective approaches for nonlinear SSM identification have been developed in the literature, the problem of time-delay is not considered in most of them. The time-delay is commonly existed in industrial scenario and it could cause extra difficulties for industrial process modeling. The problem of unknown output time-delay is considered in this paper, and the validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the numerical example and a two-link manipulator system.

Originality/value

The novel approach to identify the nonlinear SSM in the presence of an unknown output time-delay with EM algorithm is put forward in this work.

Details

Assembly Automation, vol. 40 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AA-08-2018-115
ISSN: 0144-5154

Keywords

  • Particle filter
  • Expectation maximization algorithm
  • Latent variables
  • Nonlinear system identification
  • State-space time-delay model

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Article
Publication date: 9 July 2020

The influence of leader empowerment behaviour on employee creativity

Xuemei Liu, Zhiwei Zhu, Zheng Liu and Chunyan Fu

This study, based on construal level theory, aims to examine the influential mechanism of leader empowerment behaviour on employee creativity. Specifically, it examines…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study, based on construal level theory, aims to examine the influential mechanism of leader empowerment behaviour on employee creativity. Specifically, it examines the mediating role of cognitive flexibility between leader empowerment behaviour and employee creativity, along with the moderating effect of consideration of future consequences (CFC) on this linkage.

Design/methodology/approach

A two time-point survey study (n = 214) was conducted to collect information from leaders and employees in terms of mutual evaluation in several Chinese industries. To effectively avoid common source bias, this survey was conducted through pairing leaders and employees. During the survey, the supervisors and subordinates were double-blinded. Correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

Firstly, leader empowerment behaviour can significantly predict employee creativity. Second, cognitive flexibility plays a partial mediating role in the linkage between leader empowerment behaviour and employee creativity. Thirdly, CFC moderates the relationship between leadership empowerment behaviour and cognitive flexibility. The mediating role of cognitive flexibility underlies the overall moderating effect of CFC on the relationship between leader empowerment behaviour and employee creativity.

Research limitations/implications

We used construal level theory to explain the influence of the mechanism of leader empowerment behaviour on employee creativity. In this manner, this study bridges the gap between theory and practice, as well as enriching the research on leader empowerment behaviour and employee creativity, especially in the Chinese context. Moreover, our study has several practical managerial implications, based on the importance of employee creativity. It inspires the implementation of leader empowerment behaviour, cultivation of employee creativity and introduction of several procedures.

Originality/value

This paper discusses the influential mechanism of leader empowerment behaviour on employee creativity from a new perspective and explains the process of encouraging employee creativity through information-processing methods. It mainly highlights the application of construal level theory to discuss employee creativity and develops a new research frame for employee creativity. Leaders can raise employee creativity through leader empowerment behaviour.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 58 no. 12
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2019-0281
ISSN: 0025-1747

Keywords

  • Leader empowerment behaviour
  • Employee creativity
  • Cognitive flexibility
  • Consideration of future consequences

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Article
Publication date: 3 May 2016

Template-free fabrication of NiO nanobelts: promising candidate for ethanol gas sensor at room temperature

Zhiwei Li

The purpose of this paper is to seek a surfactant or template-free, simple and green method to fabricate NiO nanobelts and to find an effective technique to detect the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to seek a surfactant or template-free, simple and green method to fabricate NiO nanobelts and to find an effective technique to detect the ethanol vapor at room temperature.

Design/methodology/approach

NiO nanobelts with high aspect ratio and dispersive distribution have been synthesized by a template-free hydrothermal reaction at 160°C for 12 h. The products are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopY, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selective area electron diffractio and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, the room-temperature ethanol sensitivity of NiO nanobelts is investigated by the surface photo voltage (SPV) technique.

Findings

The prepared NiO nanobelts is single crystalline bunsenite structure with the length of approximately 10 μm and the diameter of approximately 30 nm. The atomic ratio of “Ni” to “O” is 0.92:1. When the concentration of ethanol vapor reaches 100 ppm, the sensitivity of NiO nanobelts is 7, which can meet the commercial demanding of ethanol gas sensor.

Originality/value

The NiO nanobelts can be obtained by a template-free, simple and green hydrothermal reaction at 160°C for 12 h. The NiO nanobelts-based gas sensor is a promising candidate for the application in ethanol monitoring at room temperature by SPV technique.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 33 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-05-2015-0045
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

  • Semiconductor technology
  • Thick/thin film sensors

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Article
Publication date: 28 April 2014

Numerical study on the dynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a radial offset jet

Zhiwei Li, Wenxin Huai, Zhonghua Yang, Zhongdong Qian and Yuhong Zeng

A radial offset jet has the flow characteristics of a radial jet and an offset jet, which are encountered in many engineering applications. The purpose of this paper is to…

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Abstract

Purpose

A radial offset jet has the flow characteristics of a radial jet and an offset jet, which are encountered in many engineering applications. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics and mass transfer characteristics of the radial offset jet with an offset ratio 6, 8 and 12.

Design/methodology/approach

Three turbulence models, namely the SST k-? model, detached eddy simulation model, and improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES), were applied to the radial offset jet with an offset ratio eight and their results were compared with experimental results. The contrasting results, such as the distributions of mean and turbulent velocity and pressure, show that the IDDES model was the best model in simulating the radial offset jet. The results of the IDDES were analyzed, including the Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy, triple-velocity correlations, vertical structure and the tracer concentration distribution.

Findings

In the axisymmetric plane, Reynolds stresses increase to reach a maximum at the location where the jet central line starts to be bent rapidly, and then decrease with increasing distance in the radial direction. The shear layer vortices, which arise from the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability near the jet exit, become larger scale results in the entrainment and vortex pairing, and breakdown when the jet approaches the wall. Near the wall, the vortex swirling direction is different at both front and back of attachment point. In the wall-jet region, the concentration distributions present self-similarity while it keeps constant below the jet in the recirculation region.

Research limitations/implications

The radial offset jet with other offset ratio and exit angle is not considered in this paper and should be investigated.

Originality/value

The results obtained in this paper will provide guidance for studying similar flow and a better understanding of the radial offset jet.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EC-05-2012-0106
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

  • Attachment point
  • Mass transfer
  • Radial offset jet
  • Reynolds stress
  • Triple-velocity correlation
  • Vortex

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Article
Publication date: 14 August 2017

Wavelet transform-based steganographic method for secure data communication using OFDM system

Sanjay I. Nipanikar and V. Hima Deepthi

Fueled by the rapid growth of internet, steganography has emerged as one of the promising techniques in the communication system to obscure the data. Steganography is…

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Abstract

Purpose

Fueled by the rapid growth of internet, steganography has emerged as one of the promising techniques in the communication system to obscure the data. Steganography is defined as the process of concealing the data or message within media files without affecting the perception of the image. Media files, like audio, video, image, etc., are utilized to embed the message. Nowadays, steganography is also used to transmit the medical information or diagnostic reports. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the novel wavelet transform-based steganographic method is proposed for secure data communication using OFDM system. The embedding and extraction process in the proposed steganography method exploits the wavelet transform. Initially, the cost matrix is estimated by the following three aspects: pixel intensity, edge transformation and wavelet transform. The cost estimation matrix provides the location of the cover image where the message is to be entrenched. Then, the wavelet transform is utilized to embed the message into the cover image according to the cost value. Subsequently, in the extraction process, the wavelet transform is applied to the embedded image to retrieve the message efficiently. Finally, in order to transfer the secret information over the channel, the newly developed wavelet-based steganographic method is employed for the OFDM system.

Findings

The experimental results are evaluated and performance is analyzed using PSNR and MSE parameters and then compared with existing systems. Thus, the outcome of our wavelet transform steganographic method achieves the PSNR of 71.5 dB which ensures the high imperceptibility of the image. Then, the outcome of the OFDM-based proposed steganographic method attains the higher PSNR of 71.07 dB that proves the confidentiality of the message.

Originality/value

In the authors’ previous work, the embedding and extraction process was done based on the cost estimation matrix. To enhance the security throughout the communication system, the novel wavelet-based embedding and extraction process is applied to the OFDM system in this paper. The idea behind this method is to attain a higher imperceptibility and robustness of the image.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJICC-11-2016-0051
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

  • Data mining
  • DNA computing

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Article
Publication date: 9 March 2020

An improved methodology for evaluating availability of multistate series–parallel systems using the polynomial distribution function

Zahra Hashemzadeh Ghalhari and Ali Zeinal Hamadani

This paper employs new methods to evaluate the availability of multistate series–parallel systems, in which a number of similar components are available in each subsystem.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper employs new methods to evaluate the availability of multistate series–parallel systems, in which a number of similar components are available in each subsystem.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, polynomial distribution function (PDF) is combined with universal generating function (UGF) and recursive algorithm (RA) methods to evaluate the availability of multistate series–parallel systems. To achieve this goal, the PDF is initially used to determine the performance rates and the probabilities corresponding to the performance states of the similar components in a subsystem. The obtained results are used to evaluate the system availability via the UGF and RA methods.

Findings

It is shown that the combined UGF and PDF (UGF-PDF) and also the combined RA and PDF (RA-PDF) methods require less computational time than did the UGF and RA methods, respectively.

Originality/value

In the UGF and RA methods, there is no difference in system availability evaluation time when considering similar or different components in each subsystem. But the proposed methods in this article do not have this restrictions; therefore, these methods can be used to evaluate system availability in optimal redundancy allocation problems. As a result, using these methods reduces the optimization time of those problems.

Details

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 37 no. 6/7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-08-2019-0250
ISSN: 0265-671X

Keywords

  • Multistate system
  • Availability
  • Universal generating function
  • Recursive algorithm
  • Polynomial distribution function

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