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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between paradoxical leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), including the serial mediating role of a paradoxical mindset and personal service orientation, by applying social cognitive theory and planned behaviour theory.

The hypotheses proposed in this study were empirically tested using data from 411 supervisor–subordinate paired samples from six Chinese enterprises at two time points. The bootstrap method was applied using PROCESS macro v 3.3 for SPSS 24.0 software.

The results demonstrate the following relationships: paradoxical leadership positively affects OCB; paradoxical mindset significantly mediates the relationship between paradoxical leadership and OCB; personal service orientation significantly mediates the relationship between paradoxical leadership and OCB; and paradoxical mindset and personal service orientation play serial mediating roles in the relationship between paradoxical leadership and employees' OCB.

The results of this study show that managers' paradoxical leadership behaviours can effectively stimulate employees' OCB, which in turn influence employees' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards conflict.

This study enriches the antecedents of OCB and the consequences of paradoxical leadership. From an attitude and behaviour perspective, this study explores the internal transmission path of the impact of paradoxical leadership on employee behaviour and expands existing research on intermediary mechanisms.

Student participation has been an important issue for information literacy (IL) teachings. The purpose of this paper is to promote active student participation in IL courses with Rain Classroom, an intelligent teaching tool.

Using mixed method research, the paper presents a practical case study of the author’s experiences with Rain Classroom to improve teaching and learning of IL.

The study shows that Rain Classroom helps implement problem-based learning, promote student participation in class interaction and optimize learning experience, which facilitates a shift of the IL course from passive to active learning.

It is known that university public courses have large class sizes (more than 50 students per class), and, therefore, class interaction is difficult to organize. So this is a big issue for the researchers to study.

The proposed Rain Classroom is a free teaching tool and can be used in other academic libraries to enhance active student participation in IL lessons.

The paper includes implications for improving interaction in large-size conference or trainings using Rain Classroom.

The existing literature has not traced the reports on using the Rain Classroom to enhance student participation in IL courses in academic libraries. This paper intends to fill this gap and share practical methods and experiences, deepening the application research of Rain Classroom.