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The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that explain the acceptance of self-service ordering systems (SOSs) for restaurants and to explore the effects of “self-service system service quality” (SSQ) and “interpersonal service quality” (ISQ) on the acceptance factors extended from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model.

This study targets customers who have recently used SOSs to order foods in middle-class restaurants. In total, 402 valid survey samples were obtained. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used to examine the factors of user acceptance of using SOSs.

The results of the PLS-SEM analysis indicate that SSQ has a significant effect on accuracy expectancy, speed expectancy and effort expectancy; ISQ has a significant effect on accuracy expectancy, speed expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions; and accuracy expectancy, speed expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and budget expectancy significantly influence user acceptance of SOSs. Furthermore, user experiences moderate the effect of speed expectancy and effort expectancy on user acceptance.

This study introduces three technology acceptance factors (accuracy, speed and budget) for researchers to consider in the future. It also extends the knowledge about the human service factor when middle-class restaurants adopt self-service technologies (SSTs). Recommendations are provided for system developers to improve the system quality of SSTs and service staff to rethink their roles in adopting SSTs in the service industry.

本文研究目的有:（1）确认解释客人接受餐厅自助订餐系统（SOSs）的决定因素（2）探索自助系统服务质量（SSQ）和人机服务质量（ISQ）对于UTAUT模型科技接受因素的作用。

本论文的目标受众为近期使用过SOSs在中等餐厅点餐过的客人。样本为402份有效问卷数据。本论文使用PLS分析检测用户接受SOSs的各项因素。

PLS-SEM分析结果表明, SSQ对准确预期、速度预期、努力预期, 有显著作用; ISQ对于准确预期、速度预期、努力预期、以及辅助条件, 有显著作用; 准确预期、速度预期、努力预期、社会影响、辅助条件、以及预算预期对于SOSs用户接受有显著作用。此外, 用户体验调节速度预期和努力预期对于用户接受的作用。

本论文新增了三种科技接受因子（准确度、速度、和预算）, 为未来的科研创造土壤。本论文还扩展了我们对于人员服务因子在中等餐厅采用SSTs的认知。本论文建议系统开发者应该提高SST系统质量, 以及建议服务人员重新审视在服务产业采用SST中自己的位置。

Information technology-enabled gig platforms connect freelancers with consumers to provide short-term services or asset sharing. The growth of gig economy, however, has been accompanied by controversy, and, recently, food delivery platforms have been criticized for using data-driven techniques to set strict delivery time limits, resulting in negative externality. This study aims to provide managerial implications on the decisions of delivery time and subsidy for food delivery platforms.

The authors develop an analytical framework to investigate the optimal delivery time and subsidy provided to delivery drivers to maximize the gig platform's profit and compare the results with those of a socially optimal outcome.

The study reveals that it is optimal for the platform to shorten the delivery time and raise the subsidy when the food price becomes higher; nevertheless, the platform should shorten the delivery time and lower the subsidy in response to a higher delivery fee. Increases in the food price or delivery fee have non-monotonic effects on the number of fulfilled orders and the platform's profit. In addition, the authors solve the socially optimal outcome and find that a socially optimal delivery time is longer than the platform's preferred length when the delivery fee is high and the negative externality is strong.

The food delivery platform's optimal decision on delivery time is derived after taking negative externality into account, which is rarely considered in the prior literature but is a practically important problem.

This study aimed to explore the spatial accessibility dynamics of urban parks and their driving forces from 1901 to 2010 in terms of the dynamic relationships between spatial morphology and road networks, taking Nanjing City as an example.

This study mapped and examined the spatiotemporal distribution of urban parks and road networks in four time points at Nanjing: the 1910s, 1930s, 1960s and 2010s, using the analysis methodology of spatial design network analysis, kernel density estimation and buffer analysis. Two approaches of spatial overlaying and data analysis were adopted to investigate the accessibility dynamics. The spatial overlaying compared the parks' layout and the road networks' core, subcore and noncore accessible areas; the data analysis clarified the average data on the city-wide and local scales of the road networks within the park buffer zone.

The analysis of the changing relationships between urban parks and the spatial morphology of road networks showed that the accessibility of urban parks has generally improved. This was influenced by six main factors: planning implementation, political policies, natural resources, historical heritage and cultural and economic levels.

The results provide a reference for achieving spatial equity, improving urban park accessibility and supporting sustainable urban park planning.

An increasing number of studies have explored the spatial accessibility of urban parks through the relationships between their spatial distribution and road networks. However, few studies have investigated the dynamic changes in accessibility over time. Discussing parks' accessibility over relatively long-time scales has practical, innovative and theoretical values; because it can reveal correlational laws and internal influences not apparent in short term and provide reference and implications for parks' spatial equity.