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Article
Publication date: 6 February 2017

Imperatives for research designs with Muslim women

Aisha Wood Boulanouar, Robert Aitken, Zakaria Boulanouar and Sarah Jane Todd

The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality and efficacy of data collected from Muslim respondents, particularly women, through an examination of Islamic teachings…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality and efficacy of data collected from Muslim respondents, particularly women, through an examination of Islamic teachings and illustrated using a “conservative” paradigm of practice. The paper is designed to be helpful to researchers in designing both their projects and their data collection methods.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is conceptual, in that it provides an overview of some important, often overlooked or misunderstood areas on which studies have been based and gives frameworks and also ethical pointers to researchers.

Findings

Framed to explain approaches to “conservative” Muslim women in societies across the globe, what is presented herein allows insight into all varieties of Muslim practice. This is achieved by explaining the possible objections to different methodologies and techniques of research for Muslim women at the “conservative” end of the practicing spectrum – this allowing a highlighting of ideas and ideals applicable across the spectrum.

Practical implications

Useful for academic researchers and also commercial researchers, potentially saving both time and money by pointing out possible errors in research design while also ensuring good ethical practice. The paper is offered to assist researchers in eliciting full and frank responses from Muslim respondents based on informed and thoughtful research design and data collection and providing possibly contextualisation(s) of what is said to enhance data analysis and interpretation.

Originality/value

Believed to be the first paper of its kind in English, this conceptual paper provides insight for researchers aiming to get the most useful and ethically sound outcomes for those interviewed, as well as those interviewing.

Details

Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-01-2016-0019
ISSN: 0263-4503

Keywords

  • Religion
  • Ethics
  • Women
  • Culture
  • Research methods

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Article
Publication date: 15 August 2016

IPO underpricing in the insurance industry and the effect of Sharia compliance: Evidence from Saudi Arabian market

Zakaria Boulanouar and Faisal Alqahtani

The purpose of this paper is to explore the existence of underpricing in the cooperative insurance sector in the Saudi Arabian market and to examine whether Sharia…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the existence of underpricing in the cooperative insurance sector in the Saudi Arabian market and to examine whether Sharia compliance requirements have an impact on the level of underpricing.

Design/methodology/approach

Underpricing and the effect of Sharia compliance are analysed using a comprehensive sample of 33 insurance companies with data collected between 2007 and 2013, after taking into account market movements, as well as some factors well-known in the literature.

Findings

The authors find that underpricing not only exists but also is among the highest in the world (455 per cent), which contradicts the literature on initial public offerings (IPOs)’ pricing in highly regulated sectors. In light of one of the other findings of the authors, namely, the small number of insurance underwriters, the authors attribute these very high levels of underpricing in part to the monopsony power of insurance underwriters in Saudi Arabia. Regarding the Sharia compliance effect, they find that it does not significantly reduce the underpricing of insurance offerings. The authors interpret this as the fact that Sharia status might not be taken into account by underwriters when they price the offerings of insurance companies, due to a major drawback in the implementing regulations of cooperative insurance which have been highly criticised by practitioners.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should try to include more factors that might explain the underpricing and its determinants. Two important recommendations flowing from this study for regulatory and supervisory institutions are the need to improve disclosure and transparency conditions and to work towards reducing the monopsony power enjoyed by the underwriters. As for Sharia effect, the Saudi central bank should resolve the issue of Sharia compliance by adopting one of the Sharia-friendly models suggested by Islamic finance scholars, such as wakala or mudaraba.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the first to offer empirical evidence of the impact of Sharia compliance on the initial return of the IPOs of cooperative insurance firms.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-12-2014-0118
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

  • IPO
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Takaful
  • Investments
  • Sharia compliance
  • Stocks and shares

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Article
Publication date: 17 June 2019

Determinants of the decision to adopt Islamic finance: evidence from Oman

Yasmeen Al Balushi, Stuart Locke and Zakaria Boulanouar

Small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) capital structure and financial policies are important areas of policy concern. Only a limited number of studies on capital structure…

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Abstract

Purpose

Small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) capital structure and financial policies are important areas of policy concern. Only a limited number of studies on capital structure have, however, been conducted on SMEs, and this deficiency is particularly evident when investigating what influences funding decisions around Islamic finance. This paper accordingly aims to investigate whether Omani SME owner-managers’ intention to adopt Islamic finance is influenced by their knowledge of Islamic finance, their own characteristics and/or their firms’ characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors administered a questionnaire survey via face-to-face interviews to 385 SME owner-managers operating in Muscat, Oman’s capital city. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) non-parametric test was used to analyse the questionnaire survey data.

Findings

The findings indicate that while SME owner-managers’ Islamic financial knowledge and personal characteristics do influence their intention to adopt Islamic finance, their firms’ characteristics have no significant influence on SME owner-managers’ decisions to accede to Islamic financing.

Research limitations/implications

The research’s first limitation is that it gathered data from SME owner-managers in Muscat only. Future studies could survey a wider sample of Omani SME owner-managers. Second, the study’s findings cannot be generalised to large and public firms, as the sample includes owner-managers of SMEs only. Finally, there is a need to investigate other factors such as nonfinancial and behavioural factors, which were not explored in the present study, but which may influence SME owner-managers’ Islamic financial decisions.

Originality/value

Theoretical and empirical studies on capital structure have focused primarily on large listed firms. Only a few studies have paid attention to the capital structure of SMEs, particularly in the context of an emerging market such as Oman. This gap in the literature is mostly evident when investigating the factors that influence the funding decision towards Islamic financing in a country, such as Oman, where Islamic finance represents a new banking sector offering.

Details

ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-02-2018-0020
ISSN: 0128-1976

Keywords

  • Islamic financial decisions
  • SMEs
  • Oman
  • Owner-manager’s Islamic financial knowledge
  • Firm’s characteristics

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Article
Publication date: 17 June 2020

An analysis of the SME–bank match made in heaven: the case of New Zealand main banks and their relationship-managed SMEs

Zakaria Boulanouar, Stuart Locke and Mark Holmes

The purpose of this paper is to answer the increasing calls to analyse how lending relationship between banks and their small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) work…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to answer the increasing calls to analyse how lending relationship between banks and their small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) work. More precisely, the main aim is to investigate the lending approach(es) and criteria used by banks to assess loan applications from their relationship-managed (RM) SMEs’ clients. Other objectives include investigating the level of congruence in terms of lending practices and processes among the sample banks in New Zealand (NZ) and to discern how the assessment of the SME owner/manager is done within the relationship-banking framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The research objectives concern investigating processes and not variances. Thus, a qualitative research approach was used. Extensive data was collected via interviews across representative banks in NZ and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The findings include a detailed analysis of how relationship banking actually works; how in NZ, the main bank brands use three criteria of lending (financials, security and character) as a framework of assessing loan applications from RM-clients – which is different from the character, capital, capacity, conditions, and collateral (5Cs) that are widely used and discussed as the framework of lending; and an elucidation as to why and how character assessment is different from the other criteria of lending.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the mechanisms and processes that banks use to deal with their RM-SMEs, show the existence of a different framework of lending other than the 5Cs and attempt an explanation as to why character evaluation is different from that of the other criteria of lending.

Details

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-12-2018-0139
ISSN: 1755-4179

Keywords

  • SME
  • Loan-underwriting
  • Relationship-banking
  • Relationship-lending

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Article
Publication date: 4 November 2019

Omani SME perceptions towards Islamic financing systems

Yasmeen Al Balushi, Stuart Locke and Zakaria Boulanouar

This paper aims to investigate small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) owner–managers’ awareness, willingness and perceptions concerning Islamic financing instruments as an…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) owner–managers’ awareness, willingness and perceptions concerning Islamic financing instruments as an alternative sourcing decision in SMEs’ businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employed mixed methods to gather data. A questionnaire survey was conducted via face-to-face interviews with 385 SME owner–managers operating in Muscat, Oman’s capital city, along with face-to-face discussion on Islamic finance with 86 SME owner–managers. Descriptive and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data.

Findings

The findings indicate that SME owner–managers are aware of Islamic banking principles and have knowledge of Islamic financial instruments, despite Islamic finance being new to Oman. Interestingly, although the majority of the participants indicated their intention to adopt this new finance method, they were motivated by special requirements other than finance. Their positive perception of Islamic financing methods could play a significant role in developing the Islamic banking industry.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited in that its data came only from Omani SME owner–managers in Muscat. Future research could investigate wider samples. Secondly, the study’s findings lack generalisability to larger and public enterprises, because only SME owner–managers were surveyed.

Practical implications

This study will be important for policy makers concerned about SMEs’ financing, Islamic financial institutions and new entrants into the Islamic banking industry, as it provides empirically evidence of Omanis’ views, and more specifically those of Omani SME owner–managers, on the recent introduction of Islamic finance into the country. The insights this study offers should help them to develop the strategies required to attract SMEs and to construct policies and regulations to improve Oman’s Islamic banking industry.

Originality/value

The research is significant, as it is the first study to investigate the awareness, willingness and perceptions of Omani SMEs regarding Islamic banking in Oman. Even though all Omanis are Muslims, Oman was the last of the six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council countries to introduce Islamic finance. Thus, this emerging market provides an important basis from which to extend future research on Islamic finance to other potential Islamic finance markets.

Details

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-06-2018-0078
ISSN: 1755-4179

Keywords

  • Oman
  • Perception
  • SMEs
  • Islamic finance
  • Awareness
  • Willingness

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Article
Publication date: 17 June 2019

Editorial

Beebee Salma Sairally

Open Access
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Abstract

Details

ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-06-2019-076
ISSN: 0128-1976

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Article
Publication date: 3 October 2019

Islamic marketing and consumer behaviour: a systematic literature review

Jessen Floren, Tareq Rasul and Azmat Gani

The purpose of this study is to systematically review the existing literature on Islamic marketing and its major impacts on consumer behaviours. In addition, this study…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to systematically review the existing literature on Islamic marketing and its major impacts on consumer behaviours. In addition, this study seeks to shed light on global trends and dynamics beyond Islamic marketing and how Islam, as one of the most prominent religions worldwide, affects the consumption and purchasing choices of Muslim consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review of published peer-reviewed articles on Islamic marketing was conducted. A comprehensive search strategy was applied on different databases, including Google Scholar, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, MUSE and Directory of Open Access Journals, and the retrieved articles were then selected from 14 leading journals published between 2010 and 2018.

Findings

Islam as a religion has been found to impact the ethical beliefs and behaviours of Muslim consumers from different countries, as well as consumers’ choice of services and some taboo products on the basis of Islamic Shariah law. The results show that Islamic marketing has a significant impact on the characteristics of Muslim consumers and therefore affects their key choices about certain products and services.

Research limitations/implications

The studies included in this review are extensively based on peer-reviewed articles published in high-ranked marketing journals (A* and A in the Australian Business Deans Council list), which may be perceived as a limitation in the present study. Another limitation is that this study only took into account peer-reviewed articles written in English.

Practical implications

The important relationship between Islam and the heterogeneous Muslim consumer will have a considerable practical implication for companies that explore the marketing supply capacity in the Islamic world. The authors hereby expect the current review to significantly impact the identification of methodologies for the main trends in the academic analysis of Islamic marketing and Islamic consumer behaviour.

Originality/value

This review provides a strong contribution to Islamic marketing literature by recommending the need to integrate the Islamic practices related to consumer consumption of goods and services in studies focused on consumer behaviour analysis.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 11 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2019-0100
ISSN: 1759-0833

Keywords

  • Consumer behaviour
  • Systematic literature review
  • Islamic marketing
  • Muslim consumers
  • Homogeneity

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Article
Publication date: 7 March 2016

The advertising standardisation debate revisited: Implications of Islamic ethics on standardisation/localisation of advertising in Middle East Islamic States

Sarah Turnbull, Liza Howe-Walsh and Aisha Boulanouar

The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between previous examinations of advertising standardisation and consideration of Islamic ethics to develop a better…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between previous examinations of advertising standardisation and consideration of Islamic ethics to develop a better understanding of how Islamic values influence global advertising strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a critical review of the literature. The paper presents a conceptual framework which considers both the environmental influences and Islamic ethics which need to be considered when developing advertising strategy in Middle East Islamic States.

Findings

The authors assert the importance of considering Islamic ethics when planning advertising in the Islamic Middle East. In particular, six dominant ethical dimensions are provided for marketing scholars and practitioners to observe: unity (Tawheed), Iman (faith), Khilafah (trusteeship), Balance, Justice or Adl and Free will.

Research limitations/implications

The conceptual model presented provides a useful starting point to generate further academic debate and empirical verification.

Originality/value

The paper extends our understanding of the influence of Islamic ethics on advertising and contributes to the wider marketing standardisation literature by considering religion as a key driver in the debate.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 7 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2014-0072
ISSN: 1759-0833

Keywords

  • Advertisements and promotions to Muslims
  • Islamic marketing
  • Islamic business ethics
  • Islamic markets
  • Islamic marketing mix

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Article
Publication date: 9 April 2020

Ethical framework for directors – learning from the prophet

Ahmad Saiful Azlin Puteh Salin, Siti Khadijah Ab Manan and Norlela Kamaluddin

This paper aims to explore the director’s work ethics with particular attention given to the Islamic perspectives and prophetic character toward sustaining the performance…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the director’s work ethics with particular attention given to the Islamic perspectives and prophetic character toward sustaining the performance of the business organizations. As at now, there is a limited code of ethics that can be a guidance for the business organizations and its leaders specifically.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines and reviews the foundation and prior studies on directors’ work ethics and Islamic work ethics. Then, briefly discuss and present a conceptual review of the directors’ work ethics based on prophetic characters, as well as its application in modern business activities.

Findings

Based on Quran and Hadith, this paper proposes that four fundamental moral characters of directors are siddiq (truthfulness), fatanah (intelligent), tabligh (deliver) and amanah (trust).

Research limitations/implications

This paper is conceptual in nature, thus further research needed to empirically test all the characters in actual practices.

Practical implications

The outcome of this paper contributes in way of it can be used and applied by the firm and policymakers to construct a comprehensive code of ethics that based on the Islamic values.

Originality/value

This paper is original as it attempts to suggest the appropriate constructs of directors’ work ethics from the religious studies in the ethics and management literature. These constructs able to increase the integrity and moral behaviors of the directors, which eventually preventing them from a commit in various unethical and malpractices that may obstruct the progress of the country’s economic development and growth.

Details

International Journal of Law and Management, vol. 62 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-04-2018-0075
ISSN: 1754-243X

Keywords

  • Ethics
  • Directors
  • Morals
  • Belief

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Article
Publication date: 9 September 2019

Exploring the impact of religiousness and cultureon luxury fashion goodspurchasing intention: A behavioural study on Nigerian Muslim consumers

Hasan Aksoy and Olaide Yusuf Abdulfatai

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of religiosity and culture on Nigerian Muslim consumer’s intention to purchase luxury goods.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of religiosity and culture on Nigerian Muslim consumer’s intention to purchase luxury goods.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey included a sample of 372 Nigerian Muslims from the middle and upper-income groups who live in Lagos and Kano in Nigeria.

Findings

Plenty of luxury brands are seeking to find ways to overgrow in emerging markets. Focussing on Nigeria, this study identifies Nigerian people’s cultural orientation, religious beliefs and examines the social and personal variables affecting the consumers’ purchasing intention for luxury goods. This study stresses that Nigerian consumers’ intention to purchase luxury products are impacted by attitude, subjective norms and culture. However, Nigerian people’s intention to purchase luxury goods is not influenced by religious beliefs and Islam morals. While culture has a significant relationship with both attitudes towards behaviour and subjective norms, the religious beliefs encourage both subjective norms and a positive attitude towards the behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

This study has limitations in connection with two of its major objectives. The study applied the perspective of Nigerian Muslims. Thus, the research will not be able to clarify the fact that beyond this limited geographical area. Future research may widen the focus on cultural and religious beliefs on the intention to purchase luxury goods by adding other elements, such as normative beliefs and attitudinal beliefs.

Practical implications

The findings of the research define some implications for marketers with regard to the importance of social norms and religion in point of increasing the purchasing intention for luxury goods. Findings reflect that Nigerian consumers are impacted by subjective norms and cultural orientation. This means that luxury consuming is seen to achieve social recognition in the society. These results show that improving social acceptance through luxury goods consumption may create profitable outcomes for luxury brand firms.

Originality/value

The attractive findings of the study proposed that luxury brand managers should balance their investment in terms of the use of word-of-mouth, reference groups and fashion magazines to develop a favourable attitude towards luxury brands through. Although cultural values, references groups and consumer’s beliefs critically matter for luxury consuming, religious beliefs of Nigerian consumers have no effect on consumer’ purchase intention for a luxury product.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2018-0022
ISSN: 1759-0833

Keywords

  • Religion
  • Culture
  • Islamic marketing
  • Theory of reasoned action
  • Consumer behaviour
  • Luxury consuming

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