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This paper aims to propose a novel candidate view of research on employer reputation. The authors examine how candidates evaluate a company’s employer reputation after failing in the job application process.

The data were mainly collected from Chinese university students. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the proposed hypotheses (n = 246).

The study reveals how candidates vary in their attributions of job-hunting failures and evaluations of employer reputation considering their different personalities (i.e. extraversion) and corporations’ procedural justice in the selection process. The empirical results show that rejected candidates’ trait extraversion and procedural justice in the selection process combine to influence internal attributions and thus affect their evaluations of employer reputation.

Understanding how rejected candidates evaluate employer reputation is vital to advancing employer reputation theory. This is one of the few studies to pursue this line of research. The research may also help companies develop more effective strategies to manage the candidates they reject and to maintain their employer reputations.

Net buoyant force is a crucial factor affecting the functional performance of clothing for water safety. This study aims to develop an alternative method for measuring the net buoyant force of various buoyant materials such as buoyant fabrics, on a small scale in a more accurate and efficient way than the existing method.

The net buoyant forces of buoyant materials with different thicknesses and forms were determined and compared using three methods. In Method 1, the traditional method involving mathematical calculations was used; Method 2 involved using the buoyancy-measuring device from the study of Jin et al. (2018) and Method 3 involved using an alternative buoyancy-measuring system that simulates the actual situation of using buoyant swimwear by measuring the force needed to submerge the buoyant material in water at a standard depth. The net buoyant forces of 22 buoyant materials were measured and compared to test these three methods. The accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity and validity of these methods were then statistically compared.

The results obtained with the alternative buoyancy-measuring system had higher accuracy, reproducibility and validity than the results obtained through mathematical calculations. The sensitivity of the buoyancy-measuring system (Methods 2 and 3) was higher than that of the traditional method involving calculations (Method 1).

An alternative method is proposed to measure the net buoyant force of buoyant materials on a small scale with higher accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity.

Bureaucratic power – the power derived from the formal authority of the bureaucratic organization – has become a central organizing mechanism in modern societies. In this study, we develop theoretical arguments to identify institutional sources as well as limitations of bureaucratic power. We argue that the very institutional sources of bureaucratic power also cultivate the countervailing forces that set limit to the exercise of bureaucratic power in formal organizations. These arguments and considerations are illustrated in two case studies of the “inspection and appraisal” processes in the Chinese bureaucracy. Our study raises issues about organizational isomorphism and calls for a closer look at the behavioral patterns in organizational processes.

Applying the internationalization process model (IPM) and the strategic fit perspective, this research aims to test the effects of firm age on Chinese firms’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in developing and developed countries.

Using data on some Chinese firms, this study applied the zero-inflated negative binomial model and Heckman two-stage model to do the analyses.

This research found that firm age has different effects on Chinese firms’ OFDI in developed and developing countries. State ownership and industry munificence independently and jointly can moderate these effects.

This study contributes to the IPM and solves the theoretical conflict about the firm age–OFDI relationship.

The purpose of this paper is to offer a critical perspective on China's official outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) data, commonly used in most research on the internationalization of Chinese companies. Owing to the deficiencies of China's statistical system, official OFDI data leave us with only a limited understanding of the pattern of Chinese OFDI in general and cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in particular.

Based on a theoretical discussion of the internationalization of companies, some propositions about the development pattern of Chinese M&As are derived. This study uses the Dealogic database, which covers Chinese cross‐border M&As during the period from January 1999 to May 2007 in order to analyse the development trend, geographical destination, sectoral distribution, and equity participation of Chinese cross‐border M&As.

First, the growth of China's OFDI has not been as fast as expected, while the development of cross‐border M&As has been very impressive. Second, although official OFDI statistics reveal that Asia remains the most important investment destination, our M&A data analysis shows that the developed countries in the West have attracted most Chinese cross‐border M&A investments. Third, in contrast to the official OFDI statistics, our findings reveal a heavy concentration of M&As in mining and manufacturing. Finally, our cross‐border M&A data suggest that Chinese companies predominantly seek high‐level equity participation in the acquired target companies abroad.

This paper fills a gap in the study of the development pattern of Chinese cross‐border M&A investments and offers a complementary view and a better understanding of the internationalization of Chinese companies.

Towards the end of the twentieth century, the world has witnessed an amazing economic take‐off in the East Asia, especially within the territory of so‐called “Greater China”, encompassing the PRC and Taiwan. Against this economic and cultural background, this study surveyed 258 and 189 employees respectively in Taiwan, and the PRC (Shanghai), to examine generalizability of a generic work‐stress model to the Chinese societies. It further examined the sub‐cultural differences in the work‐stress processes, by drawing contrast of the PRC and Taiwan. In addition, roles of emic constructs of Chinese primary and secondary control beliefs were also examined. Results showed that the generic work‐stress model could be reasonably applied to Chinese urban work contexts in the PRC and Taiwan. Work stress related as expected to strain effects. At a more refined sub‐cultural level, it was found that different sources of work stress became salient contributors to strain outcomes in the PRC and Taiwan. These differences reflect the diverse political, social, and economic characteristics of the two Chinese societies. More importantly, emic constructs of Chinese control beliefs were found to have rather consistent direct effects on strain outcomes. However, indirect (moderating) effects of control beliefs were not strong and inconsistent.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is growing steadily and Chinese multinationals (MNCs) are playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. Thus, the number of papers focusing on China’s OFDI and Chinese MNCs has been increasing during the last years. The aim of this chapter is to carry out a review of the empirical papers dealing with Chinese MNCs published between 2002 and 2012 in high-impact international business and management journals.

This chapter reviews 43 empirical papers focusing on Chinese MNCs that were published in nine major scholarly journals between 2002 and 2012.

We report individual and institutional contributions, the theories and methods used, the research topics, and the main findings. We also discuss implications for future research.

Some previous literature reviews have dealt with research on China’s OFDI and Chinese MNCs. Nevertheless, none of the earlier reviews dealt specifically with empirical papers; neither did they provide an analysis of both individual and institutional contributions.

This paper aims to conduct soft fault diagnosis of dual-redundancy sensors. An innovative fault diagnosis method, which combines a tracking differentiator and a sequential probability ratio test, is proposed.

First, two tracking differentiators are used to track and predict the two original signals, and determine their residuals. These residuals are used to calculate one quadratic residual. Then, a sequential probability ratio test is carried out on this quadratic residual to obtain log-likelihood ratio. A fault can be detected through comparing the log-likelihood ratio value with the threshold value. Finally, analyses of the difference in the residuals, which locates the fault, and of the difference in the original signals, which reveals the fault level and type, are completed successively.

Results from experimentation show that this method can realise soft fault diagnosis for dual-redundancy sensors.

The method proposed in the paper gives a new idea to study hybrid redundancy. The method provides a new application mode for tracking differentiators and sequential probability ratio test. The method can be used in robots, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles, to improve their fault tolerance. It can also be applied to the key parts of industrial production lines to decrease financial losses caused by sensor faults.

Based on the character of R‐C frame, the calculation formula of VED is derived from the sub‐structure plan of lateral resistant force, the definition of equivalent stiffness matrix and equivalent additional viscoelastic force vector of VED is given and the seismic dynamic equation of R‐C frame controlled by VED is set up, the viscoelastic additional force vector of VED should be considered as outside load of structure and be calculated through the pseudo‐loading method, the programs of calculating the dynamic characteristic, calculating the elastic seismic response and calculating the elastic‐plastic seismic response of R‐C frame controlled by VED are compiled. Through the calculation of a inclined crossed R‐C frame, the results show that VED is effective in controlling the seismic response of frame and the pseudo‐loading method is reliable in the calculation.