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Article
Publication date: 19 June 2019

Yihao Lai, Wei-Shih Chung and Jiaming Chen

This paper aims to apply the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR-RV) model to minimum-variance hedge ratio estimation and compares the hedging…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to apply the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR-RV) model to minimum-variance hedge ratio estimation and compares the hedging performance of presenting a model with that of a conventional rolling ordinary-least-square (OLS) hedging model. Moreover, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between hedging performance and the heterogeneity of investors with different trading frequency in forming the expectation for the spot volatility, futures volatility and the covariance in the market.

Design/methodology/approach

Use HAR-RV to form expectations of participants of spots and futures market for the next period volatility based on two parts. One is the current observable realized volatility at the same time scale. The other is the expectation for the next longer time scale horizon volatility. Compare hedging performance with rolling OLS model and HAR-RV model. Present a three-times-scale-length (daily, weekly and monthly) HAR-RV model for the spot and futures returns and volatility to analyze the relationship between the hedging performance and the heterogeneity among participants in each market.

Findings

The empirical results show that HAR-RV model outperforms the rolling OLS in terms of variance reduction and expected utility in the out-of-sample period. The results also indicate that the greater variance reduction occurs when investors with different trading frequency have a less heterogeneous expectation for spot volatility and more heterogeneous expectation for futures volatility and the covariance. In addition, the expected utility increases along with lower heterogeneity in spot volatility and higher in futures volatility and the covariance. Hedging performance improves along with decreasing heterogeneity of investors in spot volatility and increasing heterogeneity in futures volatility and the covariance.

Originality/value

This paper considers the heterogeneity of participants in spot and futures market, the authors apply HAR-RV model to MVHR estimation and compare the hedging performance of presenting a model with that of conventional rolling OLS hedging model, providing more evidence in hedging literature. This paper analyzes in depth the relationship between hedging performance and the heterogeneity in the market.

Details

Studies in Economics and Finance, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1086-7376

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 May 2014

Weisheng Xia, Ming Xiao, Yihao Chen, Fengshun Wu, Zhe Liu and Hongzhi Fu

– The purpose of this paper is to study the thermal warpage of a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) during the reflow process.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the thermal warpage of a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) during the reflow process.

Design/methodology/approach

A thermal-mechanical coupling method that used finite-element method software (ANSYS 13.1) was performed. Meanwhile, a shadow moiré apparatus (TherMoiré PS200) combined with a heating platform was used for the experimental measurement of the warpage of PBGA according to the JEDEC Standard.

Findings

The authors found that the temperature profiles taken from the simulated results and experimental measurement are consistent with each other, only with a little and acceptable difference in the maximum temperatures. Furthermore, the maximum warpage measurements during the reflow process are 0.157 mm and 0.149 mm for simulation and experimental measurements, respectively, with a small 5.37 per cent difference. The experimental measurement and simulated results are well correlated. Based on the validated finite element model, two factors, namely, the thickness and dimension of PCB, are explored about their effect on the thermal warpage of PBGA mounted on PCB during the reflow process.

Practical implications

The paper provides a thorough parametrical study of the thermal warpage of PBGA mounted on PCB during the reflow process.

Originality/value

The findings in this paper illustrate methods of warpage study by combination of thermal-mechanical finite element simulation and experimental measurement, which can provide good guidelines of the PCB design in the perspective of thermal warpage during the reflow process.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 26 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

Keywords

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