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Drawing on the theories of social identity and realistic conflict theory, the purpose of this study is to enrich the literature by proposing and testing a model conceptualizing the relationships between animosity, an antecedent (tourists’ perception of a heritage site) and demand variables (e.g. length of stay).

Data collected for the study is based on a combination of qualitative (20 interviews) and quantitative research (n = 330) methods.

The study demonstrates that animosity should be integrated into tourism research. The study provides relevant insights indicating that animosity harbored toward locals is crucial to the understanding of tourists’ behavior.

The study provides relevant insights indicating that animosity harbored toward locals is crucial to the understanding of tourists’ behavior.

Managerial implications for those entrusted with the promotion of tourism and site management are suggested in areas at the heart of a conflict.

The study of animosity challenges the common view in heritage tourism which focus on positive emotions harbored by tourists. In the present study, the authors focus on the consequences of negative emotions.

摘要

采用社会认同和现实冲突等理论来尝试充实文献, 具体做法为：提出并测试模型以确立憎恶、先行条件（游客对遗产地的感知）、需求变量（例如停留时间）之间的关系。

结合定性（20次访谈）和定量（n = 330）两种研究方法, 为本项研究收集数据。

研究表明：应将憎恶纳入旅游业研究中。本次研究提供的相关见解表明：游客对当地人怀有的敌意, 对于理解游客行为至关重要。

遗产旅游业的普遍观点侧重于研究游客所怀有的积极情绪, 对其敌意情感的研究对这一普遍观点提出了挑战。在本项研究中, 我们侧重于负面情绪产生的后果。

憎恶、遗产地、西岸、行为意图、犹太定居者、巴勒斯坦人

研究论文

Basándonos en las teorías de la identidad social y la teoría realista del conflicto, intentamos enriquecer la literatura proponiendo y probando un modelo que conceptualice las relaciones entre la animosidad, un antecedente (percepción que tienen los turistas de un sitio patrimonial) y las variables de demanda (por ejemplo, la duración de la estadía).

Los datos recopilados para el estudio se basan en una combinación de métodos de investigación cualitativa (20 entrevistas) y cuantitativa (n = 330).

El estudio demuestra que la animosidad debe integrarse en la investigación turística. El estudio proporciona información relevante que indica que la animosidad contra los lugareños es crucial para comprender el comportamiento de los turistas.

El estudio de la animosidad desafía la visión común en el turismo patrimonial que se enfoca en las emociones positivas que albergan los turistas. En este estudio nos centramos en las consecuencias de las emociones negativas.

Animosidad, sitios patrimoniales, cisjordania, intenciones de comportamiento, colonos judíos, palestinos.

Trabajo de investigación

The aim of the study is to capture consumers' conceptualization of ethnic food and ethnic restaurants, focusing on what it takes for ethnic restaurants to be perceived authentic.

Qualitative research, based on semi-structured in-depth interviews which were transcribed and subjected to inductive thematic analysis.

The findings conceptualize what ethnic food and ethnic-authentic restaurant are, leading to formulating the criteria that authentic ethnic restaurant should meet.

Findings have practical implications for restaurateurs interested in establishing themselves as ethnically authentic and for businesses focusing on ethnic food. This study was based on Israeli-Jewish participants; studies with other populations will contribute to the findings' trustability.

This study provides novel and critical insights into ethnic restaurant managements and to the customer conceptualization of the concept of ethnic authentic, demonstrating it being a multifaceted concept.

The relationship between the tourists and the heritage presented has already been identified as important for the understanding of tourist behaviour at the level of a specific heritage site. This study seeks to clarify whether tourists' perception of various spaces in relation to their own heritage could give an insight into tourists' decision which heritage site to visit. The findings of the study are based on a survey that examined tourists' visitation patterns to different heritage sites in Israel located within a relatively short distance of each other. The findings support the idea that the perception of the site in relation to the tourists' own heritage lies at the heart of an understanding of tourists' visitation patterns. The contribution to the management and theoretical understanding of heritage tourism is discussed.

Observing visitors' behaviour in places presenting heritage and reviewing the tourism literature dealing with ‘heritage’ tourism led to this research that is aimed at clarifying the core of heritage tourism. The common approach that heritage tourism consists of tourists in heritage places, is challenged. The relationship between four groups of variables (the tourists' personal characteristics, the tourists' awareness of the history of the site, the tourists' perception of a site in relation to their own heritage and, the site attributes) and the tourists' visitation patterns (before a visit, during a visit, and after a visit) as the outcome variables was investigated. The actual study was conducted in Israel because of its attributes as a space containing a variety of heritage sites in a relatively small area, which relate to different tourists on different grounds. The research looked in detail at two sites: the Wailing Wall and Massada. The results (specifically the tourists' perception of the sites) indicate that the relationship between the tourists and the heritage site attributes is at the core of the phenomenon of heritage tourism. The understanding of this relationship has value for the study of heritage‐related behaviour including heritage tourism. The study suggests a new approach to understanding heritage tourism which could be applicable for other subgroups of tourism, and could have implications for the management of heritage and historic sites.

This paper explores the possible uses of online news discussions that emerge following the publication of news on the Internet. It is suggested that this medium provides those investigating consumer behaviour with a new, previously unavailable, source of information (at almost no direct cost). The unique attributes of this medium are presented, and examples of discussions are provided that emphasise possible implications for hotel managers and marketers.

This exploratory study aims to focus on the challenges arising from the interactions between wheelchair users, individuals using crutches and blind people with the hotel environment as well as on the efforts to overcome these challenges.

The sample was gathered through a snowballing technique. The study utilizes in‐depth semi‐structured interviews of 45 participants: 20 used wheelchairs; ten were dependent on crutches; and 15 were blind. The data were subject to thematic content analysis.

Interpreted by the social model of disability, the results suggest that the challenges participants confront derive from the physical design of the environment as well as staff behaviors. Differences were found between the hotel experiences of people with various types of disabilities.

The sample was limited to Israeli participants.

The paper offers recommendations for hotel management with regard to specific physical as well as interpersonal means to alleviate apparent difficulties faced by people with disabilities in their hotel experiences.

This study broadcasts the genuine voice of people with disabilities. The findings are of special relevance to hospitality researchers, educators, executives, and hotel staff.

The literature claims that respondents who fill in guest satisfaction questionnaires do not form a truly representative sample of the hotel guests because they do so on a voluntary basis. This study explores the distribution of guest satisfaction questionnaires and the biases that employees bring to the process. Data were gathered via in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. Individuals with different characteristics were selected in an attempt to reduce the risk of producing findings specific to a certain hotel settings. The results suggest that sampling procedures that were supposed to be carried out systematically are more often done at the convenience of hotel employees or for other, self‐presentational reasons. It is suggested that the employees' intervention is a factor that biases the data and renders it less than informative. Recommendations for hotel operators are provided.

Image has been found to be one of the important influences in the selection of consumers' choice for visiting and investing in a destination leading to sustainable development. Important determinants of tourism namely, knowledge of destination attractions and image association were employed in this research based on previous studies in a number of fields. The research reported in this paper presents the results of an empirical test of the determinants related to tourism using Liverpool as a case study because of its selection as the European Capital of Culture (CoC) for 2008. European Capital of Culture scheme has among its many objectives the idea of sustainable development for the chosen CoC. Combination of data collection methods was used for the research. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on destination image association by providing empirical evidence through the case study or Liverpool as well as how consumers relate to a destination and especially a CoC. One of the major findings of the study was the identification of image association clusters with regard to Liverpool as a CoC. We brand this clusters as the ‘tangible attractions cluster’ and ‘intangible attractions cluster’. The results of this research provide important implications for strategic image management and can aid in designing and implementing sustainable marketing programs for creating and enhancing tourism destination images.