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– The purpose of this paper is to introduce an effective method for two-dimensional inverse heat conduction problems.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce an effective method for two-dimensional inverse heat conduction problems.
Design/methodology/approach
The variational iteration method (VIM) is used to solve two-dimensional inverse heat conduction problems and restore boundary conditions in heat conduction.
Findings
Numerical results compared with other methods show that the present method is remarkably effective for solving two-dimensional inverse heat conduction problems. This method is a very promoting method, which will be certainly found wide applications.
Originality/value
The VIM is applied to two-dimensional inverse heat conduction problems for the first time.
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The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore how China uses a social credit system as part of its “data-driven authoritarianism” policy; and second, to investigate how…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore how China uses a social credit system as part of its “data-driven authoritarianism” policy; and second, to investigate how datafication, which is a method to legitimize data collection, and dataveillance, which is continuous surveillance through the use of data, offer the Chinese state a legitimate method of monitoring, surveilling and controlling citizens, businesses and society. Taken together, China’s social credit system is analyzed as an integrated tool for datafication, dataveillance and data-driven authoritarianism.
Design/methodology/approach
This study combines the personal narratives of 22 Chinese citizens with policy analyses, online discussions and media reports. The stories were collected using a scenario-based story completion method to understand the participants’ perceptions of the recently introduced social credit system in China.
Findings
China’s new social credit system, which turns both online and offline behaviors into a credit score through smartphone apps, creates a “new normal” way of life for Chinese citizens. This data-driven authoritarianism uses data and technology to enhance citizen surveillance. Interactions between individuals, technologies and information emerge from understanding the system as one that provides social goods, using technologies, and raising concerns of privacy, security and collectivity. An integrated critical perspective that incorporates the concepts of datafication and dataveillance enhances a general understanding of how data-driven authoritarianism develops through the social credit system.
Originality/value
This study builds upon an ongoing debate and an emerging body of literature on datafication, dataveillance and digital sociology while filling empirical gaps in the study of the global South. The Chinese social credit system has growing recognition and importance as both a governing tool and a part of everyday datafication and dataveillance processes. Thus, these phenomena necessitate discussion of its consequences for, and applications by, the Chinese state and businesses, as well as affected individuals’ efforts to adapt to the system.
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Di Ma, Shubai Li, Longgui Xu, Xiuying Hu, Guohua Zhang, Chuanqi Jia and Xinchao Yuan
This paper aims to study the anodization of aluminum in a mixture solution of 1,3-propanediol solutions and 0.4 mol l−1 H3PO4 at a low temperature.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the anodization of aluminum in a mixture solution of 1,3-propanediol solutions and 0.4 mol l−1 H3PO4 at a low temperature.
Design/methodology/approach
The morphology and composition of the resulting anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was characterized by means of a scanning electron microscope in combination with an energy dispersive spectrometer.
Findings
Pore density and pore diameter both were found to be dependent on the temperature of anodization.
Originality/value
The resulting AAO templates exhibited uniform and regular pores with diameters that were significantly smaller than those found in AAO templates anodized at room temperature.
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Xiuying Wang, Michael Khonsari, Siyuan Li, Qingwen Dai and Xiaolei Wang
This study aims to simultaneously enhance the load-carrying capacity and control the leakage rate of mechanical seals by optimizing the texture shape.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to simultaneously enhance the load-carrying capacity and control the leakage rate of mechanical seals by optimizing the texture shape.
Design/methodology/approach
A multi-objective optimization approach is implemented to determine the optimal “free-form” textures and optimal circular dimples. Experiments are conducted to validate the simulation results.
Findings
The experimental coefficient of friction (COF) and leakage rate are in good agreement with the calculated results. In addition, the optimal “free-form” texture shows a lower COF and a lower leakage in most cases.
Originality/value
This work provides a method to optimize the surface texture for a better combination performance of mechanical seals.
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Fei Sun, Junjie Hong, Xiuying Ma and Chengqi Wang
The purpose of this paper is to examine how subnational institutions within a country explain the performance consequences of open innovation (OI) in emerging market enterprises…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how subnational institutions within a country explain the performance consequences of open innovation (OI) in emerging market enterprises (EMEs).
Design/methodology/approach
The paper conducts a regression analysis by using a novel panel data set comprising of 438 innovative Chinese firms over the period of 2008-2011.
Findings
The authors show that although on average openness to external actors improves innovation performance this effect is pronounced for EMEs that operate in subnational regions with a higher level of intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement and of factor market development. The findings point to the context-dependent nature of OI strategy and the complementary effect of institutional parameters in emerging markets and help to reconcile the contrasting findings regarding the effect of OI in the prior literature.
Originality/value
This paper extends the literature on OI by suggesting that the analysis of the performance consequences of OI strategy should go beyond the nexus between OI and firm performance, and instead, focus on subnational-specific institutions, such as region-specific IPR enforcement, factor market development and intermediation market development, that may facilitate or constrain the effect of OI model.
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Xiuying Wang, Yu Chen, Kai Ding and Chengtao Yu
This study aims to obtain a design scheme of the surface texture on mechanical seal with lower friction and leakage by comparing two common texture types: dimples and grooves.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to obtain a design scheme of the surface texture on mechanical seal with lower friction and leakage by comparing two common texture types: dimples and grooves.
Design/methodology/approach
An optimal free-form shape and an optimal circular shape were chosen by multi-objective optimization, and two types of grooves with different directions were chosen by a series of experiments. Then, the optimal free-form dimple, the optimal circular dimple, the groove perpendicular to the direction of movement (hereafter called groove-1) and the groove angled at 60° to the direction of movement (hereafter called groove-2) were compared by experiments under different loads.
Findings
The optimal free-form dimple shows a better performance in terms of a lower coefficient of friction (COF) and a lower leakage than the other shapes, especially for the high speed and low load conditions. The reduction rate of COF is up to 37.5%, and the leakage rate is reduced by about 12.5%. The dimples have a lower leakage than the grooves. The groove angled at 60° to the direction of movement is easier to pump the oil into the interface of the sealing face, leading to a lower friction but a higher leakage.
Originality/value
This study provides a feasible surface texture design scheme for improving the combination performance of mechanical seals.
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Keywords
Xinping Xiao and Yayun Lu
The purpose of this paper is to simplify the computation of parameter estimation in the grey linear regression model and solve the problem that the development coefficient could…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to simplify the computation of parameter estimation in the grey linear regression model and solve the problem that the development coefficient could not be computed in some sequence data, such as short‐term traffic flow.
Design/methodology/approach
Starting from the limitation that can be identified in the equation and analyzing the range using the method to estimate parameters, this paper researches the modelling mechanism and the other forms which are equivalent with the original form. At the same time, this paper gives an estimation method and gets the relationship in various forms and the relationship between the model and GM(1,1) model.
Findings
For the grey linear regression model, there exists a new method of parameter identification and three other forms as follows: the original form, the Whitenization equation and the connotation form.
Practical implications
The method of parameter identification exposed in the paper expanded the scope of the application of the grey linear regression model, and it can be used to model and forecast the urban road short‐time traffic flow.
Originality/value
This paper has solved some complicated problems such as the parameter estimation computation in the grey linear regression model. In addition, three kinds of representation forms of the model and its relationship between the model and GM(1,1) have also been presented. Finally, its application of the model in a short‐term traffic flow prediction has shown its superiority.
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Changzheng Gao, Juepin Hou and Jian Gong
Abundance of cultural resources is a typical feature of traditional villages. It is particularly important to explore the development path of traditional villages from the…
Abstract
Purpose
Abundance of cultural resources is a typical feature of traditional villages. It is particularly important to explore the development path of traditional villages from the perspective of cultural resources.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on symbiosis theory, establish a symbiotic development mechanism of traditional village characteristic cultural elements and use grey relation analysis (GRA) to evaluate the resource advantages of different cultural attributes. This paper proposes the traditional village development model of different symbiotic units in the county. An empirical study is conducted in conjunction with the national historical and cultural city of Xunxian County, Henan, China.
Findings
The results show that (1) according to the different attributes of humanistic cultural resources, artificial cultural resources and natural cultural resources in traditional villages, different symbiotic units can be divided, and advantageous resources can be shared through the symbiotic interface; (2) using GRA to calculate the grey relational degree between cultural resources sequence of different attributes and the sum of cultural resources sequence in the county and define as the active degree of humanistic culture, the inheritance degree of artificial culture and the integrity of natural cultural resources are shown to reflect the status of the inheritance of humanistic cultural resources, the existence of artificial cultural resources, and the protection of natural cultural resources; and (3) a comparative analysis of the active degree, inheritance, and integrity of each symbiotic unit leads to the proposal of three symbiotic models of folklore vitality, characteristic space, and natural ecology, all of which are beneficial to promote the formation of a symbiotic environment.
Originality/value
The main innovation of this paper is to put forward the research scale of symbiosis theory in the field of urban and rural planning at the county level, delimit the symbiosis units of traditional villages at the county level, complete the quantitatively evaluate cultural resources in different symbiotic units with GRA, revealing the symbiotic development mechanism of cultural resources characteristic elements in traditional villages.
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Rahul Vishwanath Dandage, Santosh B. Rane and Shankar S. Mantha
Project risk management (PRM) and human resource management (HRM) are the two critical success factors (CSFs) for international project management. This paper aims to correlate…
Abstract
Purpose
Project risk management (PRM) and human resource management (HRM) are the two critical success factors (CSFs) for international project management. This paper aims to correlate these two CSFs, identify the human resource (HR) barriers, develop a hybrid model for risk management and develop strategies to overcome the HR barriers to effective risk management in international projects.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 20 key HR barriers have been identified through a literature survey and verified by project professionals. These HR barriers are ranked according to their ability to trigger other barriers by analysing their interactions using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Based on Ulrich’s revised model for HR functions, a hybrid framework for international PRM has been proposed.
Findings
DEMATEL analysis categorized nine barriers as cause barriers and 11 as affected barriers. The “PROJECTS” model proposed for HR strategy development suggests eight strategies to overcome these nine cause barriers. The hybrid PRM framework developed includes the effect of the HR dimension.
Research limitations/implications
This paper presents the generalized prioritization of HR barriers to international PRM. For a specific international project, the HR barriers and their prioritization may change slightly. The hybrid framework for PRM and the strategy development model suggested are yet to be validated.
Originality/value
Correlating two CSFs in international project management, i.e. HRM and PRM and ranking the HR barriers using the DEMATEL method is the uniqueness of this research paper. The hybrid framework developed for PRM based on HR functions in Ulrich’s revised model and the proposed new HR strategy development model “PROJECTS” are unique contributions of this paper.
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