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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of PCGEs used in a small‐scale windmill in terms of the number of PCGEs.

Experiments were performed in cases where one, two, or four PCGEs are attached to the frame of the windmill, with optimization of different gap distances between exciting and secondary magnets carried out to determine the optimal configuration for generating the peak voltage and harvesting the maximum wind energy for the same range of wind speeds.

The experimental results show that the prototype can harvest energy in urban regions with low wind speeds and convert the wasted wind energy into electricity for city use.

The experimental results show that the prototype can harvest energy in urban regions with low wind speeds and convert the wasted wind energy into electricity for city use.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the wind regime at Wainiyaku, Taveuni in Fiji, estimate Annual Energy Production (AEP) using a 275 kW Vergnet wind, and determine its economic viability.

The only grid supply is in the northeast (suburban area) of the island. The main source is diesel generators, which are operated only certain hours per day. The study around Wainiyaku state was essential to determine an alternative continuous source of energy. The wind assessment on the island was based on the data provided by the Department of Energy (Fiji) and WAsP was used to reliably estimate the wind power potential on the island.

The report suggested that Wainiyaku Taveuni is a good site for wind power generation based on mean wind speed at 30 m agl. The software predicted a resource grid for mean wind speed and power density around Wainiyaku. An economic analysis for a prospective wind power generation using Vergnet 275 kW showed a reasonable promise.

The conclusion justifies that a longer period (3y) data are necessary for better accuracy. However, one‐year data are sufficient to predict annual energy production with reasonable certainty.

The paper provides an alternative solution for a continuous supply of electricity for a remote island. It shows the economics of utilizing wind power generator to provide unobstructed supply of electricity. It further explores the saving in foreign exchange for a small Island economy. The analysis of wind regime suggests that an independent power producer may consider investing in a wind farm at Wainiyaku.

The rapid rising of renewable energy sources particularly wind energy cannot be ignored. The numerical increase in wind energy farms throughout the world is the best example. The purpose of this paper is to assess the basic question of whether wind characteristics affect the performance and cost of energy. The importance of this question cannot be ruled out while comparing renewable energy to a conventional form of energy more specifically especially for the developing country where the cost of energy is very high.

The research design of this paper is consists of an assessment of local wind characteristics of the wind farm site using Weibull k and c parameters. The performance model is used to assess the performance of the wind turbine (WT) corresponding to local wind characteristics. The wind correlation with WT in terms of changing wind speed has been assessed to quantify the effects of wind speed on the WT behavior and failure of WT components. Similarly, the power curve of WT is assessed and compared with the International Electrotechnical Commission standards 61400-12-2. The WT power coefficient and tip speed ratio corresponding to wind speed is also investigated. The energy volume and cost of energy lost model is used to determine the cost and volume loss of energy/kWh of the wind farm.

The findings of practical wind farms showed that the wind conditions of the site are showing a strong tendency that can be determined from the results of Weibull k and c parameters. The k and c parameters are observed to be 3.44 and 9.16 m/s, respectively, for a period of a year. The standard deviation is observed to be 2.56 for a period of a year. WT shows the efficient behavior can be obtained from the power coefficient and tip speed of WT at different wind speeds. Also, wind farm observation showed that to be some increasing wind speed cause of based WT component failures. The results of energy volume and cost/kWh assessment showed that the major portion of energy volume and cost of energy is lost owing to network, voltage dip and frequency surge, electrical and mechanical components failures.

Generally, it can be concluded that the WTs are now able to cope with variable wind speeds. However, the results of this paper are showing that WT performance and availability decreased due to increased wind speeds. It can also be a reason to decreased volume and increase the cost of energy/kWh.

The purpose of this paper is contribution to estimate the potential of wind energy in Douala in Cameroon, by modeling and predicting the regime of wind. The paper deals with the analysis and comparison of seven numerical methods for the assessment of effectiveness in determining the parameters for the Weibull distribution, using wind speed data collected at Douala International Airport in Cameroon, in the period from September 2011 to May 2013, obtained by meteorological equipment belonging to the Laboratory of Energy Research of the Institute of Geological and Mining Research.

By using ANOVA, root mean square error and chi-square tests to compare the proposed methods, this study aims to determine which methods are effective in determining the parameters of the Weibull distribution for the available data, in an attempt to establish acceptable criteria for better usage of wind power in Douala, which is the economic capital and ought to have prominence in the use of renewable sources for electricity generation in Cameroon.

The study helps to determine that moment, empirical and energy pattern factor methods used to determine the shape parameter k and the scale parameter c of the Weibull distribution present a better curve fit with the histogram of the wind speed. This fact is clearly validated by means of the statistical tests. But, all the seven methods gave excellent performance. Then, k reaching levels ranging from 3.5 to 5.5 and c range from 1.7 to 2.4.

Then as far as we are concerned, for a significant contribution, it could be more effective to have a model for prediction of wind characteristics using wind data collected per hour, one at least three years. A comparison of results obtained from lots of other methods (seven in this case) is necessary before an efficient discussion. Standard deviations and errors between measured and predicted data must also be presented.

This paper aims to design an optimum vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and assess its techno-economic performance for wind energy harvesting at high-speed railway in Malaysia.

This project adopted AutoCAD and ANSYS modeling tools to design and optimize the blade of the turbine. The site selected has a railway of 30 km with six stops. The vertical turbines are placed 1 m apart from each other considering the optimum tip speed ratio. The power produced and net present value had been analyzed to evaluate its techno-economic viability.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0020 blade has been carried out. For a turbine with wind speed of 50 m/s and swept area of 8 m², the power generated is 245 kW. For eight trains that operate for 19 h/day with an interval of 30 min in nonpeak hours and 15 min in peak hours, total energy generated is 66 MWh/day. The average cost saved by the train stations is RM 16.7 mil/year with battery charging capacity of 12 h/day.

Wind energy harvesting is not commonly used in Malaysia due to its low wind speed ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 m/s. Conventional wind turbine requires a minimum cut-in wind speed of 11 m/s to overcome the inertia and starts generating power. Hence, this paper proposes an optimum design of VAWT to harvest an unconventional untapped wind sources from railway. The research finding complements the alternate energy harvesting technologies which can serve as reference for countries which experienced similar geographic constraints.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze wind characteristics and their effects on wind turbine components and energy generation at the candidate site.

The methodology covered the detailed investigation of wind characteristics using Weibull k and c parameters and standard deviation at 30 m above the ground level (AGL). The wind shear coefficient and air density were also studied. The weight model was developed to determine the effects on wind turbine components and energy generation. At last, an economic assessment was carried out to determine the pre- and post-effects of the weight model on the cost of energy per kilowatt-hour.

The mean standard deviation, Weibull k parameter and Weibull c parameter were found to be 2.157, 2.617 and 6.087 m/s, respectively, at 30 m for a period of a year. The mean wind shear coefficient was found to be 0.176 for a year. The calculated results showed that site-specific midrange and amplitude force were 40.95 per cent and 37.75 per cent on wind turbine mechanical components, respectively. The average rise in force and drop in energy was found to be 35.50 per cent and 47.55 per cent, respectively. The lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment considering values (a, 0.1 and 0.2) showed an increase in force on wind turbine components that resulted in a drop in energy. The cost assessment results showed that the cost of energy was increased from US$0.032/kWh to 0.0466/kWh for wind turbine A.

An accurate determination of the weight factor is necessary for near-reality assessment of wind energy yield and rise of force on the wind turbine. The results paved the way for site-specific design optimization of wind turbines.

The study contributes to the site-specific wind characteristic-based weight model to determine the effects of wind loads on wind turbine components and energy generation and compared with the specified design standard. The lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment coefficient show a rise in the force while considering the weight factor values. The results show that the site has the potential to generate energy at the lowest cost per kilowatt-hour, but it needs wind turbine design adjustments according to site-specific wind characteristics. If site-specific wind characteristics are considered, it would lead to maximum energy generation and high reliability of wind turbine components.

This paper aims to review the role of government initiatives for the development of wind power industries in India, to provide better and benevolent policies in the production of wind energy density and to maximize the use of the renewable source of energy which permits to reduce carbon emission from the coal-based power plant and to curtail tackle need of society and mitigate poverty.

The present study is carried out on the current position of wind power generation in India. Government policies for promoting clean energy and associated problems are also analysed herein detail. However, secondary approaches are opted in terms of alertness of caring for the environment hazardous and reduced the major economies aspects by fulfilling the schema of Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

The prospective of wind energy generation is huge, as an ancient source of energy, wind can be used both as a source of electricity and for agricultural, irrigation uses. The study of wind turbine blades and its features showed how it can be properly fabricated and used to extract the maximum power, even at variable and low wind speeds.

Although India has achieved a remarkable advancement in wind power sectors, it needs to eradicate all the loopholes to evolve as super power in wind energy sector leaving behind its rivalry China. To do this, it is required to develop in many fields such as skilled manpower, advancement in research and development, grid and turbine installation, proper distribution, smooth land acquisition, modern infrastructure, high investment and above all industry friendly government policy.

The present study finds out effects of wind power energy as a source of renewable energy to mitigate energy crisis.

As a source of renewable energy and cost effectiveness, wind power can be evolved as a potential means enhance social life.

The present paper caries out critical analysis for the active use of renewable energy in the present and forthcoming days. Such unique analysis must help India as a developing nation to balance its energy crisis.

There is increasing research interest in the expansion of the offshore wind energy sector. Recent research shows that operations and maintenance (O&M) account for around 20-35 per cent of the total energy costs in this sector. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of O&M issues in the offshore wind energy sector to propose initiatives that can help reduce the cost of energy used by offshore wind farms.

The paper is based on an in-depth literature review and a Delphi study of a panel of 16 experts on O&M.

Consisting primarily of conceptual papers and/or modelling papers, the extant literature identifies several challenges for O&M in the offshore wind energy sector. These challenges can be grouped into four categories: issues related with industry immatureness; distance/water depth; weather window; and policy issues. The Delphi study identified three other major issues that lead to increased O&M costs: too many predefined rules that limit development; lack of coordinated planning of the different services offered at the wind farms; and lack of a common approach on how O&M should be managed strategically.

The present study is based only on Danish respondents. Future research needs to include various respondents from different countries to identify country-specific contingencies.

The paper provides an overview of the O&M issues in the offshore wind energy sector to prioritize where future resources should be invested and, thus, reduce O&M costs.

This is the first paper on O&M issues that bridges both literature studies and industry expert opinions.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the wind resource and energy potential of the Sanghar site for minimizing the dependence on fossil fuels and improving the environment.

The Sanghar site wind shear coefficient and turbulence intensity factor are investigated for a period of a year. The two-parameter k and c Weibull distribution function is used to analyze the wind speed of the Sanghar site. The standard deviation, coefficient of variation, wind power density and energy density; and capacity factor was assessed for a period of a year. The economic assessment of energy/kWh is investigated for the selection of appropriate wind turbines.

The mean wind shear of the Sanghar site was found to be 0.2509. The mean wind speed was found to be 4.766, 5.534 and 6.121 at 20, 40 and 60 m above the ground level. The mean value of the k parameter was observed to be 2.433, 2.777 and 2.862 at 20, 40 and 60 m for a period of a year. The Weibull c m/s parameter was found to be 5.377, 6.245 and 6.906 m/s at 20, 40 and 60 m. The major portion of values of standard deviation was found to be in between 0.1 to 2.00 at 20, 40 and 60 m. The mean wind power density values were observed to be 88.33, 93.5 and 110.16 W/m2 at 20, 40 and 60 m; respectively, for a period of a year. The mean coefficient of variation was found to be 0.1478, 0.1205 and 0.1033 at 20, 40 and 60 m; respectively. The mean energy density was found to be 476.75, 683.08 and 866.33 kWh/m² at 20, 40 and 60 m; respectively. The mean capacity factor for different wind turbines was ranged between 18 to 24.83 for a period of a year. The economic assessment showed that wind turbine B has the minimum cost (US$) 0.0484/kWh.

The assessment provides the solution to sustainable energy generation which reduces the consumption of fuel and the effect of fluctuating price of fuel in the world market on local consumers.

Wind energy may have social implications including environmentally friendly, consistent supply of energy during the peak summer season, less unit per cost, etc.

The Sanghar site is new and assessed for the first time in this research work. The Sanghar site is suitable for installing utility wind turbines for energy generation at the lowest cost.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the wind energy technologies using the social network analysis based on patent information. Analysis of patent documents with social network analysis is used to identify the most influential and connected technologies in the field of wind energy.

In the literature, patent data are often used to evaluate technologies. Patents related to wind energy technologies are obtained from the United States Patent and Trademark Office database and the relationships among sub-technologies based on Corporate Patent Classification (CPC) codes are analyzed in this study. The results of two-phase algorithm for mining high average-utility itemsets algorithm, which is one of the utility mining algorithm in data mining, is used to find associations among wind energy technologies for social network analysis.

The results of this study show that it is very important to focus on wind motors and technologies related to energy conversion or management systems reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The results of this study imply that Y02E, F03D and F05B CPC codes are the most influential CPC codes based on social network analysis.

Analysis of patent documents with social network analysis for technology evaluation is extremely limited in the literature. There is no research related to the analysis of patent documents with social network analysis, in particular CPC codes, for wind energy technology. This paper fills this gap in the literature. This study explores technologies related to wind energy technologies and identifies the most influential wind energy technologies in practice. This study also extracts useful information and knowledge to identify core corporate patent class (es) in the field of wind energy technology.