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A novel type of heat transfer fluid known as hybrid nanofluids is used to improve the efficiency of heat exchangers. It is observed from literature evidence that hybrid nanofluids outperform single nanofluids in terms of thermal performance. This study aims to address the stagnation point flow induced by Williamson hybrid nanofluids across a vertical plate. This fluid is drenched under the influence of mixed convection in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with heat source/sink and entropy generation.

By applying the proper similarity transformation, the partial differential equations that represent the leading model of the flow problem are reduced to ordinary differential equations. For the boundary value problem of the fourth-order code (bvp4c), a built-in MATLAB finite difference code is used to tackle the flow problem and carry out the dual numerical solutions.

The shear stress decreases, but the rate of heat transfer increases because of their greater influence on the permeability parameter and Weissenberg number for both solutions. The ability of hybrid nanofluids to strengthen heat transfer with the incorporation of a porous medium is demonstrated in this study.

The findings may be highly beneficial in raising the energy efficiency of thermal systems.

The originality of the research lies in the investigation of the Darcy–Forchheimer stagnation point flow of a Williamson hybrid nanofluid across a vertical plate, considering buoyancy forces, which introduces another layer of complexity to the flow problem. This aspect has not been extensively studied before. The results are verified and offer a very favorable balance with the acknowledged papers.

Ohmic heating generates temperature with the help of electrical current and resists the flow of electricity. Also, it generates heat rapidly and uniformly in the liquid matrix. Electrically conducting biofluid flows with Ohmic heating have many biomedical and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to provide the significance of the effects of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation on electrically conducting Casson nanofluid flow driven by peristaltic pumping through a vertical porous channel.

In this analysis, the non-Newtonian properties of fluid will be characterized by the Casson fluid model. The long wavelength approach reduces the complexity of the governing system of coupled partial differential equations with non-linear components. Using a regular perturbation approach, the solutions for the flow quantities are established. The fascinating and essential characteristics of flow parameters such as the thermal Grashof number, nanoparticle Grashof number, magnetic parameter, Brinkmann number, permeability parameter, Reynolds number, Casson fluid parameter, thermophoresis parameter and Brownian movement parameter on the convective peristaltic pumping are presented and thoroughly addressed. Furthermore, the phenomenon of trapping is illustrated visually.

The findings indicate that intensifying the permeability and Casson fluid parameters boosts the temperature distribution. It is observed that the velocity profile is elevated by enhancing the thermal Grashof number and perturbation parameter, whereas it reduces as a function of the magnetic parameter and Reynolds number. Moreover, trapped bolus size upsurges for greater values of nanoparticle Grashof number and magnetic parameter.

There are some interesting studies in the literature to explain the nature of the peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids under various assumptions. It is observed that there is no study in the literature as investigated in this paper.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Dynamics of micropolar – water B Fluids flow simultaneously under the influence of thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour Mechanisms.

The thermal radiation contribution, the chemical change and heat generation take fluidity into account. The flow equations are used to produce a series of dimensionless equations with appropriate nondimensional quantities. By using the spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM), simplified dimensionless equations have been quantitatively solved. With Chebyshev pseudospectral technique, SHAM integrates the approach of the well-known method of homotopical analysis to the set of altered equations. In terms of velocity, concentration and temperature profiles, the impacts of Prandtl number, chemical reaction and thermal radiation are studied. All findings are visually shown and all physical values are calculated and tabulated.

The results indicate that an increase in the variable viscosity leads to speed and temperature increases. Based on the transport nature of micropolar Walters B fluids, the thermal conductivity has great impact on the Prandtl number and decrease the velocity and temperature. The current research was very well supported by prior literature works. The results in this paper are anticipated to be helpful for biotechnology, food processing and boiling. It is used primarily in refrigerating systems, tensile heating to large-scale heating and oil pipeline reduction.

All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated.

This study aims to analyze the two-dimensional ferrofluid flow in porous media. The effects of changes in parameters such as permeability parameter, buoyancy parameter, Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, radiation parameter, velocity slip parameter, energy dissipation parameter and viscosity parameter on the velocity and temperature profile are displayed numerically and graphically.

By using simplification, nonlinear differential equations are converted into ordinary nonlinear equations. Modeling is done in the Cartesian coordinate system. The finite element method (FEM) and the Akbari-Ganji method (AGM) are used to solve the present problem. The finite element model determines each parameter’s effect on the fluid’s velocity and temperature.

The results show that if the viscosity parameter increases, the temperature of the fluid increases, but the velocity of the fluid decreases. As can be seen in the figures, by increasing the permeability parameter, a reduction in velocity and an enhancement in fluid temperature are observed. When the Reynolds number increases, an increase in fluid velocity and temperature is observed. If the speed slip parameter increases, the speed decreases, and as the energy dissipation parameter increases, the temperature also increases.

When considering factors like thermal conductivity and variable viscosity in this context, they can significantly impact velocity slippage conditions. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the influence of thermal conductivity parameters and variable viscosity within a porous medium on ferrofluid behavior. This particular flow configuration is chosen due to the essential role of ferrofluids and their extensive use in engineering, industry and medicine.

This study aims to investigate the effect of externally applied magnetic force and heat transfer with a heat source/sink on the Couette flow with viscous dissipation in a horizontal rotating channel. The magnetic force is added to the governing equations. The effects of fluid flow parameters are observed under the applied magnetic force. In this system, the magnetic force is applied perpendicular to the plane of the fluid flow. In recent years, the magnetic field has renewed interest in aerospace technology. The physical and theoretical approach in the multidisciplinary field of magneto fluid dynamics (MFD) is applied in the field of aerospace vehicle design.

Authors use the perturbation method to solve and find the approximate solutions of differential equations. First, convert the partial differential equation to ordinary differential equation and calculate the approximate solutions in two cases. The first solution got by assuming heat generating in the fluid and the second one got when heat absorbing. After applying the external magnetic force, the effects of various fluid parameters velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are found and discussed using tables and graphs.

It is found that the velocity of the fluid has decreased tendency when the rotation of the fluid and magnetic force on the fluid increases. The temperature of the fluid, Prandtl value and Eckert number increased when the heat source generated heat. When heat absorbs the heat, sink parameter increases and the temperature of the fluid decreases. Also, while heat absorbs, the temperature increases when the Prandtl value and Eckert number increase.

The skin friction coefficient on the surface increases, when the rotation parameter and the magnetic force parameter of the fluid increase. In the case of heat generating, the Nusselt number increased, while the Eckert number and Prandtl numbers increased. Also, the Nusselt number has larger values when the heat source parameter has near the constant temperature, and it has smaller values when the temperature varies. In the case of heat-absorbing, the Nusselt number decreased when the Eckert and Prandtl numbers increased. Also, the Nusselt number varies up and down while the heat absorbing parameter increases.

The purpose of this study is to define and investigate the governance requirements of supply chain finance (SCF).

A qualitative analysis of 849 news articles published in UK newspapers (2000–2022) using the Gioia method.

SCF governance relies on developing capacities for reflexive scrutiny at two stages: (1) prior to entering into an SCF relationship and (2) during its operation. Based on the notion of SCF as a complex adaptive system, we theorise SCF governance requirements as a dual-layered semipermeable boundary. The semipermeability of the two layers allows for a dynamic exchange between the SCF system and its environment. The first layer is the capacity to selectively enable or control the entry and access of certain actors and practices into the SCF system. The second layer is a capacity for ongoing scrutiny of the SCF operation and its development. Further, we identify five aspects of governance to be enabled, i.e. enhancing adaptability, building confidence, improving efficiency, advancing technology and promoting transparency; and four aspects to be controlled, i.e. preventing abuse of power, curbing fraud risk, constraining operational risk and restricting risky extensions to SCF practices.

Our dynamic framework can guide supply chain (SC) members in making decisions about whether to participate, or continue to operate, in an SCF relationship. Moreover, the findings have implications for policymakers and authorities who oversee entry/access and the involvement of SCF providers, particularly, fintech firms.

The study contributes to both the SC and governance literature by providing a systematic analysis of what SCF governance has to accomplish. Our novel contribution lies in its analysis of SCF governance based on a complex adaptive system approach, which expands the existing literature where SCF is described in rather static terms. More specifically, it suggests a need for a dynamic duality of SCF governance through the semipermeable boundary that selectively enables and controls certain SCF actors and practices.

The study aims to develop and test a supply chain wide green product development framework of focal firms and their major suppliers, in the context of the Chinese automotive industry.

An in-depth case studies approach is adopted for this study. Three automotive sector upstream supply chains involving 17 firms and 51 experts as respondents were interviewed on the importance and implementation effectiveness of 6Rs (reduce, redesign, recover, remanufacture, reuse and recycle) across the manufacturer and their respective tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers.

The results indicate that the Chinese automotive sector supply chains are mainly focused on “reduce” practices with immediate environmental and economic benefits. The investigated firms however had future implementation plans for “redesign” and “recovery” practices to become comprehensive in green product development (GPD).

The study facilitates automotive firms, industry policymakers and researchers the understanding of incorporating comprehensive GSCM practices across the upstream supply chain to achieve circularity. The study focused on upstream supply chain due to the concentration of major production practices in this section of the supply chain. However, the downstream supply chain equally deserve attention as well as the need to understand the mediating and moderating roles of the different Rs to tease out the pros and cons of achieving overall environmental sustainability.

There are very limited studies on comprehensive GPD for achieving optimal GSCM and sustainability. By simultaneous looking at a focal firm and its upstream supply chains GSCM practices, this study addresses a system-wide comprehensive GPD issues from implementation of 6Rs perspectives in the supply chain.

The purpose of this study is to identify papers that have produced the most significant impact on research on strategic alliances in the biotechnology industry. The authors attempt to illustrate the thematic evolution of its intellectual structure through 616 papers published between 1992 and 2021.

The present research methodology relies on three distinct techniques, implemented using SciMat software: (1) bibliometric techniques, (2) scientific map analysis and (3) content analysis of research documents from the Web of Science (WoS). In this manner, the authors analyse the intellectual structure of the field of strategic alliances in the biotechnology industry, tracking its evolution over a period of three decades.

The study emphasises the relevance of “innovation” as a key theme and identifies several potential areas for future research, which could serve as a foundation for further investigations.

This study represents a novel contribution to the literature as it is the first to use the SciMat tool to analyse strategic alliances in the biotechnology industry. This research reveals that while strategic alliances have been assessed extensively across various industries, some topics, such as the types and formation of alliances, have not been specifically studied in the biotechnology industry. These areas as well as the barriers and variables influencing the formation of alliances offer promising avenues for future research in this field.

本研究旨在確定對關於生物科技產業內的策略聯盟的探究產生極其顯著影響的學術論文。我們擬透過探討於1992年至2021年期間發表的616篇學術論文，去闡明策略聯盟的知識結構的主題演變。

研究依賴三個不同的技術來進行，並以SciMat 可視化軟件來做具體實施的工作。這三個技術為、(一) 文獻計量技術;(二) 科學製圖分析;和 (三) 就取自 Web of Science 的學術文章而進行的內容分析。我們採用這研究法，對在生物科技產業內的策略聯盟的知識結構進行分析，俾能對有關的知識結構的主題演變進行一個涵蓋三十載的跟蹤調查。

研究強調了創新，並視之為主要的主題的重要相關概念;研究亦確定了一些今後可供研究的潛在領域，這或許會成為進一步研究的基礎。

由於本研究是首個研究、使用SciMat這工具去分析在生物科技產業內的策略聯盟，故就有關的文獻而言，它給予新穎的貢獻。研究結果顯示，雖然策略聯盟已在各個不同的產業裡被廣泛評價，但在生物科技產業裡，一些如聯盟的種類和形成方式等的課題仍未得到適切的研究。這些課題，以及影響著聯盟的形成的障礙和變數，會為這領域內今後的學術研究、提供光明的途徑。

School-university partnerships (SUPs) probe a range of P12 challenges and interests, with teacher residencies being chief among them. Because historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have impressive track records (Hill-Jackson, 2017) and knowhow (Marchitello & Trinidad, 2019; Petchauer & Mawhinney, 2017) in preparing teacher candidates to work effectively in diverse schools, this paper seeks deeper understandings of the types of SUPs for teacher residency collaborations employed by traditional versus HBCU programs.

This article draws upon the self-study as a methodology to review a SUP for a teacher residency at an HBCU in the southwestern United States to illustrate an equity-centric model.

Leveraging an equity and third space perspective, three separate approaches to the SUPs are unpacked to establish the outline for this proposal: ceremonial, conventional and communal teacher residency approaches.

A novel typology of three distinct approaches to SUPs for teacher residencies is outlined to establish the extent to which equity is foregrounded among teacher residencies.

This study examines how informal business networks achieve marketing goals in socially uncertain contexts. Drawing from multiple historical sources, Shangbangs, a type of business network that thrived in pre-1949 China, are analyzed.

The Critical Historical Research Method (CHRM) undergirds a study of Shangbangs’ historicity (i.e. their socio-historically embedded multiplicity, including organizational forms, activities and connotations.

As informal regional, professional, project-based, special-product-based or mixed marketing networks, Shangbangs relied on “flexible specialization” and coupled multiple business needs to market goods and services, business organizations, specific social values and, when necessary, to debrand business rivals.

This analysis extends theories about marketing networks by probing their subtypes, diverse marketing activities, multipronged channels and relationship building with social entities (including underground societies, business associations and guilds) in response to pre-1949 China’s market uncertainties. Substantiating an alternative approach to “flexible specialization” and marketing innovations within the pre-1949 Chinese economy shows how a parallel theoretical framework can complement western-based marketing theories.

This first comprehensive analysis of Shangbangs, an innovative historical Chinese marketing network outside the conventional market-corporate dichotomy, can inform theory building for marketing strategy-making and management conditioned by social contexts.