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Article
Publication date: 28 September 2010

Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury

The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of natural frequency of the experimental set‐up on wear rate of glass fiber‐reinforced plastic (GFRP).

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of natural frequency of the experimental set‐up on wear rate of glass fiber‐reinforced plastic (GFRP).

Design/methodology/approach

Experimental and dimensional analysis. A pin‐on‐disc apparatus having facility of vibrating the test samples at different directions, amplitudes and frequencies was designed and fabricated. The natural frequency of the set‐up was varied by adding dead loads of the set‐up from 0 to 50 kg. At each added load, the wear rate has been measured.

Findings

The presence of natural frequency of vibration indeed affects the wear rate considerably. The values of wear rate increase with the increase of natural frequency of vibration of the experimental set‐up. As the wear rate increases with increasing natural frequency of vibration, therefore, maintaining appropriate level of natural frequency vibration wear may be kept to some lower value to improve mechanical processes. The empirical formula of wear rate is derived from the dimensionless analysis. The wear rate obtained from the correlation shows better relationship with experimental results.

Practical implications

It is expected that the applications of these results will contribute to the improvement of different concerned mechanical systems and machines.

Originality/value

Considering the lack of correlation among wear rate, natural frequency of the experimental set‐up and other operating parameters, the present research was started to find out suitable correlation and a way of reducing wear rate by applying known natural frequency of vibration at a particular direction. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the wear behavior of GFRP under natural frequency of the experimental set‐up. It is expected that the applications of these results will contribute to the improvement of different concerned mechanical systems.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 62 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2008

H. Unal and F. Findik

The present study aims to find out the best polymer/polymer pair in electrical insulating applications. Moreover, the effects of different polymer counterpart and applied load on…

Abstract

Purpose

The present study aims to find out the best polymer/polymer pair in electrical insulating applications. Moreover, the effects of different polymer counterpart and applied load on the friction and wear behaviour of PA 46 + 30%GFR and unfilled PA 66 thermoplastic polymers are to be studied.

Design/methodology/approach

Friction and wear tests vs PA 46 + 30%GFR and PPS + 30%GFR polymer composites were carried out on a pin‐on‐disc arrangement and at a dry sliding conditions. Tribological tests were performed at room temperature under 20, 40 and 60 N loads and at 0.5 m/s sliding speed.

Findings

The results showed that, the coefficient of friction decreases with the increasing of load (up to 40 N) for PA 46 + 30%GFR composite and polyamide (PA) 66 polymer used in this study. However, above 40 N applied load the coefficient of friction increases. The specific wear rate for PA 46 + 30%GFR and PA 66 against PPS + 30%GFR polymer composite counterpart are about in the order of 10−13 m2/N while the specific wear rate for PA 46 + 30%GFR and PA 66 against PA 46 + 30%GFR polymer composite counterpart are in the order of 10−14 m2/N. For PA 46 + 30%GFR composite and unfilled PA 66 polymers tested the specific wear rate values increased with the increment of load. The highest specific wear rate is for unfilled PA 66 against PPS + 30%GFR with a value of 2.81 × 10−13 m2/N followed by PA 66 against PA 46 + 30%GFR with a value of 2.26 × 10−13 m2/N. The lowest wear rate is PA 46 + 30%GFR polymer composite against PA 46 + 30%GFR polymer composite counterpart with a value of 3.19 × 10−14 m2/N. The average specific wear rates for unfilled PA 66 against PA 46 + 30%GFR is 80 times higher than PA 46 + 30%GFR wear rate while specific wear rates for unfilled PA 66 against PPS + 30%GFR is 100 times higher than that of PA 46 + 30%GFR wear rate. From point view of tribological performance, PA 46 + 30%GFR is a more suitable engineering thermoplastic composite materials for electrical contact breaker applications.

Research limitations/implications

In the present work, tribological tests were performed only at room temperature under three different loads and a sliding speed. This is the limitation of the work.

Practical implications

This work is easily used for industrial polyamides to check their tribological behaviours.

Originality/value

This is an original and experimental study and it will be useful both for academicians and for industrial sides.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 60 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 1957

A method extensively used in the production of optically flat and finely finished surfaces is that of lapping the surface upon a plate using a loose abrasive mixed into a slurry…

Abstract

A method extensively used in the production of optically flat and finely finished surfaces is that of lapping the surface upon a plate using a loose abrasive mixed into a slurry form with a carrying fluid. If the surfaces finished in this way are in continuous or intermittent sliding contact, it is the author's opinion that any abrasives retained in their surfaces will affect surface wear. This paper reported on some exploratory work to indicate the degree of embedment of abrasive in certain materials lapped by hand.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 9 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Article
Publication date: 12 September 2019

Sam Joshy, Jayadevan K.R., Ramesh A. and Mahipal D.

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical…

Abstract

Purpose

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical stress lead to wear, plastic deformation, mechanical fatigue and cracks, which reduce the service life of hot forging dies. Of all these different types of issues, wear is the predominant mode of failure in hot forging dies. This paper aims to describe mechanisms of wear transition in different loads at near forging temperature, occurring during sliding of chromium-based H11 tool steel specimens.

Design/methodology/approach

High temperature pin-on-disc tests are performed with pin specimens machined from bars of X38CrMoV5 steel, heat treated to surface hardness of 40-42 HRc. The disc is made of EN 31 steel with hardness of 60-62 HRc. Tests are performed at constant temperature of 500°C, and the normal load was varied from 20 to 70 N.

Findings

Scanning electron microscopy investigations on worn surface have revealed that wear is primarily due to abrasion and plastic deformation. The test results show an increasing trend in wear rate with increase in load up to 30 N, followed by a reversal in trend until 50 N. This transition in wear rate is caused by development of wear resistant layers, which are formed by compaction of wear debris particles on to the worn surfaces. These compact layers are found to be stable during load range from 40 and 50 N. However, with further increase in load, abrasive wear tracks are observed without any evidence of protective layers. As a result, there is an increase in wear rate with increase in loads above 50 N. In addition, plastic shearing was dominant over abrasive wear at this load regime.

Originality/value

The study on wear behaviour of H11 hot forging steel at 20 to 70 N will be an input to the research in hot forming industries.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 March 2016

BM Viswanatha, M Prasanna Kumar, S Basavarajappa and TS Kiran

This paper aims to investigate the microstructure, hardness and tribological properties of hypoeutectic (Al-7Si) matrix reinforced with fixed quantities of 3 Wt.% graphite (Gr…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the microstructure, hardness and tribological properties of hypoeutectic (Al-7Si) matrix reinforced with fixed quantities of 3 Wt.% graphite (Gr) and x Wt.% SiCp (x = 3, 6 and 9) hybrid composites.

Design/methodology/approach

The composites were fabricated by stir cast technique. The microstructure, hardness and tribological measurements were carried out on the base alloy and composites. The tribological investigation was carried out on pin-on-disc wear testing machine under dry sliding condition.

Findings

The wear rate decreases with the increase of SiCp into A356-3Gr composites. The composite containing A356-9SiCp-3Gr had better hardness and good wear resistance compared to the base alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electro dispersive spectrometry (EDS) images were used to study the reinforcement distribution and worn-out surface of the specimens.

Originality/value

The present paper brings out a clear picture of the various events that take place under the worn-out surfaces leading to the generation of mechanical mixed layer.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 68 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 March 2021

Eshan Agrawal and Vinod Tungikar

Aluminium matrix composites are subjected to wear as well as higher temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder heads and blocks for car engines. Therefore, it is important…

Abstract

Purpose

Aluminium matrix composites are subjected to wear as well as higher temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder heads and blocks for car engines. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the performance of aluminium metal matrix composite at elevated temperature.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present work wear performance of Al-TiC composite with 7.5% reinforcement of TiC powder is carried out at elevated temperature. The composite specimens are prepared with the help of centrifugal casting method to get the large segregation of reinforcement on the outer layer of the composite which is subjected to wear. Taguchi method is used for preparing design of experiments.

Findings

The wear test is performed on DUCOM pin on disc setup having the heating chamber facility. The results of wear test are analysed with the help of MINITAB 19 software. The results show that temperature has dominant effect on the wear rate. The mathematical model through regression is predicted for wear rate and coefficient of friction. The study of worn-out surface is performed with the help of scanning electron microscope. The micrographs show that the type of wear is changes from abrasive to severe wear and some delamination.

Originality/value

The experiments are conducted as per ASTM standards. The results give the mathematical equation for wear rate and coefficient of friction at elevated temperatures.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 March 2018

Shuhaib Mushtaq and Mohd Farooq Wani

This paper aims to investigate the effect of varying Wt.% (0-3 per cent) of graphite as a solid lubricant on the tribological properties of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of varying Wt.% (0-3 per cent) of graphite as a solid lubricant on the tribological properties of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy.

Design/methodology/approach

Powder metallurgy technique is used for the fabrication of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy with varying Wt.% of graphite. The tribological tests were conducted on a ball-on-disc universal tribometer under different testing conditions.

Findings

The friction coefficient decreases with sliding distance and load, but the wear rate increases with the increase in load. The G3 composition showed the best tribological properties under dry conditions. The wear mechanism of G0 composition shows adhesive wear and abrasive wear, while G1, G2 and G3 compositions show mildly abrasive wear.

Originality/value

This paper reported a new, cheap and wear-resistant self-lubricating Fe matrix material for gears and bearings.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 70 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2001

Patric Waara

Since the middle of the 1970s, lubrication of the high rail flange has been used to reduce wear rates. Field tests have been taking place since 1997 to evaluate the differences in…

Abstract

Since the middle of the 1970s, lubrication of the high rail flange has been used to reduce wear rates. Field tests have been taking place since 1997 to evaluate the differences in wear characteristics between mineral oil based grease and new environmentally adapted greases. The field tests have also investigated whether the addition of graphite contributed to reduced flange wear. The wear reducing effect of trackside lubrication as a function of distance from point of application of the grease was also investigated. The field tests showed that environmentally adapted greases can be used without risk of increased rail wear and that the addition of solid lubricants, such as graphite, has no significant effect on the rate of wear. The highest wear rates were found during winter months when active lubrication stops due to problems associated with the sub‐zero temperatures common in northern Sweden. Year‐round lubrication would be expected to decrease wear rates significantly.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 53 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Content available
Article
Publication date: 20 January 2022

Blaža Stojanović, Sandra Gajević, Nenad Kostić, Slavica Miladinović and Aleksandar Vencl

This study aims to present a novel methodology for the evaluation of tribological properties of new nanocomposites with the A356 alloy matrix reinforced with aluminium oxide (Al2O3

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to present a novel methodology for the evaluation of tribological properties of new nanocomposites with the A356 alloy matrix reinforced with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles.

Design/methodology/approach

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMnCs) with varying amounts and sizes of Al2O3 particles were produced using a compocasting process. The influence of four factors, with different levels, on the wear rate, was analysed with the help of the design of experiments (DoE). A regression model was developed by using the response surface methodology (RSM) to establish a relationship between the observed factors and the wear rate. An artificial neural network was also applied to predict the value of wear rate. Adequacy of models was compared with experimental values. The extreme values of wear rate were determined with a genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization using the RSM model.

Findings

The combination of optimization methods determined the values of the factors which provide the highest wear resistance, namely, reinforcement content of 0.44 wt.% Al2O3, sliding speed of 1 m/s, normal load of 100 N and particle size of 100 nm. Used methods proved as effective tools for modelling and predicting of the behaviour of aluminium matrix nanocomposites.

Originality/value

The specific combinations of the optimization methods has not been applied up to now in the investigation of MMnCs. In addition, using of small content of ceramic nanoparticles as reinforcement has been poorly investigated. It can be stated that the presented approach for testing and prediction of the wear rate of nanocomposites is a very good base for their future research.

Article
Publication date: 19 July 2019

Alagarsamy S.V. and Ravichandran M.

Aluminium and its alloys are the most preferred material in aerospace and automotive industries because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, these alloys are found to…

Abstract

Purpose

Aluminium and its alloys are the most preferred material in aerospace and automotive industries because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, these alloys are found to be low wear resistance. Hence, the incorporation of ceramic particles with the aluminium alloy may be enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties. The purpose of this study is to optimize the specific wear rate and friction coefficient of titanium dioxide (TiO2) reinforced AA7075 matrix composites. The four wear control factors are considered, i.e. reinforcement (Wt.%), applied load (N), sliding velocity (m/s) and sliding distance (m).

Design/methodology/approach

The composites were fabricated through stir casting route with varying weight percentages (0, 5, 10 and 15 Wt.%) of TiO2 particulates. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The specific wear rate and friction coefficient of the newly prepared composites was determined by using a pin-on-disc apparatus under dry sliding conditions. Experiments were planned as per Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal design. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis was used to find the optimal combination of parameters.

Findings

The mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength and hardness of the composites significantly improved with the addition of TiO2 particles. The analysis of variance result shows that the applied load and reinforcement Wt.% are the most influencing parameters on specific wear rate and friction coefficient during dry sliding conditions. The scanning electron microscope morphology of the worn surface shows that TiO2 particles protect the matrix from more removal of material at all conditions.

Originality/value

This paper provides a solution for optimal parameters on specific wear rate and friction coefficient of aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) using Taguchi methodology. The obtained results are useful in improving the wear resistance of the AA7075-TiO2 composites.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 71 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

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