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Article
Publication date: 18 November 2013

Investigation of tool wear mechanism and tool geometry optimization in drilling of PCB fixture hole

Xiaohu Zheng, Dapeng Dong, Lixin Huang, Xibin Wang and Ming Chen

– The paper aims to investigate tool wear mechanism and tool geometry optimization of drilling PCB fixture hole.

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Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to investigate tool wear mechanism and tool geometry optimization of drilling PCB fixture hole.

Design/methodology/approach

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the chip formation and tool wear mechanism of drilling PCB fixture holes. Two types of drill with different types of chip-split groove were used in this study. The performances of these two types of drill bots were evaluated by tool wear and the shapes of chips.

Findings

The chips of drilling fixture holes contain aluminum chips from the cover board, copper chips from the copper foil, discontinuous glass fiber and resin from the CFRP. Feed rate and drilling speed have a great influence on the chip morphology. Abrasive wear of the drill lip is the main reason of the fixture drill bit in drilling PCB, and micro-chipping is observed on the tool nose and chisel edge. The influence of distance between the chip-split groove and drill point center on the axial force and torque is not obvious.

Research limitations/implications

In this paper, hole wall roughness and drilling temperature were not analyzed in the optimization of drilling parameters. The future research work should consider them.

Originality/value

This paper investigated the mechanism of burr formation and tool wear in drilling of PCB fixture holes. Tool geometry was optimized by adding chip-split grooves.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 39 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CW-06-2013-0021
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

  • Drilling
  • Fixture hole
  • FRP
  • Geometry optimization
  • PCB
  • Tool wear

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Article
Publication date: 10 September 2018

Investigation of wear mechanism of forged steel piston skirt under boundary lubricated conditions

Zhang Jian, Deng Lijun, Hao Guannan and Liu Shiying

With the implementation of new emission standards, the thermal–mechanical coupling load of engine pistons becomes more important. In this case, forged steel material with…

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Abstract

Purpose

With the implementation of new emission standards, the thermal–mechanical coupling load of engine pistons becomes more important. In this case, forged steel material with higher fatigue limit and impact resistance has been applied gradually in piston manufacturing. However, new failure problems emerge, and the wear of skirt under boundary lubrication conditions is an essential problem which needs to be solved urgently.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, the abrasion testing machine was used to simulate the wear behavior under different conditions of normal pressure, relative velocity and surface roughness. Besides, the wear morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope. Then, the wear model was established by using test results fitting method, offering a way to conduct qualitative analysis for the wear problem under the same conditions.

Findings

The results show that mainly the wear mechanism of the piston skirt under boundary lubricated conditions is adhesive wear and abrasive wear. In addition, the coefficient and wear rate will increase with the increase in the normal load and surface roughness and decrease with the increase in the relative speed. In the wear model, the wear loss is mainly influenced by the normal load, the relative sliding speed and the wear time.

Originality/value

The wear degree of piston skirt was qualitatively obtained in this investigation by factors such as pressure, velocity and so on, and the wear mechanism of forged steel piston skirt under boundary lubrication conditions was also determined. These could provide theoretical support for further optimization of cylinder motion and oil supply system, reduction of friction loss and power loss.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 70 no. 7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-04-2017-0105
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Wear mechanism
  • Wear model
  • Boundary lubrication
  • Forged steel piston

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1975

The Mechanism of Fretting and the Influence of Temperature

P.L. Hurricks

The paper deals in some detail with the fretting wear behaviour of mild steel from room temperature to 600°C in an air atmosphere. The general mechanism of fretting for…

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Abstract

The paper deals in some detail with the fretting wear behaviour of mild steel from room temperature to 600°C in an air atmosphere. The general mechanism of fretting for mild steel is discussed both at the lower temperatures and also at higher temperatures where normal oxidative processes become involved in the fretting mechanism. Both surface metallographic observations and surface SEM observations are presented in support of the wear processes involved. It is shown that there is a well defined wear transition temperature occurring in the region of 200°C together with the possibility of a second transition temperature occurring between 500 and 600°C. Finally, some consideration is given to the activation energy for tribo‐oxidation under fretting conditions and the manner in which the rate controlling factor changes from adhesion to oxidation as the temperature of wear increases.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 27 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb053099
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 12 August 2020

The effect of cryogenic treatment on dry sliding wear mechanisms in hard coatings

Bilal Kurşuncu

The effect of cryogenic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of different materials has been frequently investigated by researchers in recent years. The purpose of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The effect of cryogenic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of different materials has been frequently investigated by researchers in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to investigate wear behaviour of monolayer, multilayer and nanocomposite coatings after cryogenic heat treatment. It is a first in its field in terms of both the heat treatment used and the coatings examined.

Design/methodology/approach

The aCN/TiAlN, TiAlN and ncTiAlSiN hard coatings deposited on the AISI D2 steel substrate were subjected to cryogenic heat treatment at −145oC and −196oC for 24 h and then tempered at 200oC for 2 h. Then, the samples were subjected to wear tests of 5, 10 and 15 N three different load values. The wear mechanisms occurring on the wear surfaces were determined by scanning electron microscope supported by EDS.

Findings

Oxidation, fatigue and delamination wear mechanisms were realized on the surfaces of the samples subjected to dry sliding wear test. The wear resistance of S1 increased with cryogenic heat treatment. According to the wear test results of the untreated samples, it was found that the samples with lower hardness than the others had higher wear resistance. The wear resistance of S1 and S2 samples was increased by cryogenic heat treatment. The best wear resistance in all parameters was obtained by S1. Oxidation in the S1 was found to have a positive effect on wear resistance. According to EDS results after wear of S2, chromium-rich layer was found on the surface of the material. It is understood that cryogenic heat treatment causes carbide precipitation in the inner structure of the substrate material.

Originality/value

The effect of cryogenic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of different materials has been frequently investigated by researchers in recent years. In this study, wear behaviour of monolayer, multilayer and nanocomposite coatings after cryogenic heat treatment was investigated. It is a first in its field in terms of both the heat treatment used and the coatings examined.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2020-0111/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-03-2020-0111
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Dry sliding wear
  • DLC coating
  • Nanocomposite hard coating
  • Cryogenic treatment
  • Wear mechanism
  • Nano-layer coating

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1976

The Mechanism of Fretting and the Influence of Temperature

P.L. Hurricks

The first part of this paper appeared in our November/December issue and dealt with fretting wear behaviour of mild steel from room temperature to 600°C in air. The…

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Abstract

The first part of this paper appeared in our November/December issue and dealt with fretting wear behaviour of mild steel from room temperature to 600°C in air. The general mechanism for fretting is discussed at all temperatures where normal oxidative processes become involved. The nature of fretting wear is also covered and the effects of temperature are described. In this part of the paper, the discussion is continued to include triboxidation, delamination theory, atmospheric environment, transition temperatures, activitation energy and other factors affecting the influence of temperature on fretting.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 28 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb053103
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 14 March 2016

Tool wear characteristics of cutting and extrusion processing technology based on the edge-chipping effect

Xinli Tian, Long Wang, Wanglong Wang, Yongdong Li and Kaiwen Ji

The cutting and extruding processing technology for ceramics based on the edge-chipping effect is a new contact removal machining method for hard, brittle materials such…

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Abstract

Purpose

The cutting and extruding processing technology for ceramics based on the edge-chipping effect is a new contact removal machining method for hard, brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. This paper aims to provide an important reference to understand the tool wear mechanism and the wear law of this new processing technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The real-time temperature monitoring and the observation of micro-morphology are used to analyse the wear characteristics of the tool face. In addition, the research focuses on the influence of three processing parameters (axial feed rate, thickness of flange and depth of groove) on characteristics including tool wear.

Findings

The temperature variation shows that the new processing technology improves the tool temperatures condition. The tool is worn mainly by mechanical friction including abrasive wear, and the flank face also suffers the sustained scratching of residual materials on the rough machining surface. With increased feed rate, the wear of the rear face of the major flank initially decreased and then increased. As the depth of the retained flange increases, the wear became worse. The wear initially decreased and then increased with increasing depth of groove.

Research limitations/implications

Study on the new processing technology is still in its early stages. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

Practical implications

The machining process itself destroys materials, albeit a controllable manner: based on this principle, the authors proposed a new machining technology based on cracks driven by edge chipping. In this way, the surface of such ceramics is removed. Therefore, the research provides a new method for reducing processing costs and promoting the extensive application of engineering ceramic materials.

Originality/value

The cutting and extruding processing technology based on cracks driven by edge-chipping effect makes full use of the stress concentration effect caused by prefabricated defects, and the edge-chipping effect which occurs during machining-induced crack propagation. The wear mechanism and law of its tool is unique than other machining ways. This paper provides an important reference to understand the tool wear mechanism and the machining mechanism of this new processing technology. With the application of this study, the ceramics could be removed with less energy consumption and the tools with the hardness of lower than its own one. Therefore, it could not only reduce the processing costs but also promote the extensive applications of engineering ceramic materials.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 68 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-04-2015-0051
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Wear mechanism
  • Processing technology
  • Tool temperature
  • Wear characteristics

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Article
Publication date: 20 April 2020

Investigation on fretting wear of Al-Li alloy

Teng Xiao, Daosheng Wen, Shouren Wang, Mingyuan Zhang, Beibei Kong and Qiqi Yu

This paper aims to investigate the fretting wear mechanism of an Al-Li alloy at room temperature, the tangential fretting wear tests were carried out.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the fretting wear mechanism of an Al-Li alloy at room temperature, the tangential fretting wear tests were carried out.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of displacement amplitude and fretting frequency on the tangential fretting wear characteristics were mainly investigated. The experimental data obtained are analyzed and compared.

Findings

The results indicated that the fretting friction coefficient increased with the increase of displacement amplitude. As the displacement amplitude increased, the wear scar morphology changed significantly, mainly in terms of delamination debris and furrow scratches. The wear mechanism changed from initial mild wear to more severe oxidative wear, adhesive wear and abrasive wear.

Originality/value

This paper extends the knowledge into mechanical tight connections. The conclusions can provide theoretical guidance for the fretting of mechanical tight connections in the field of automotive lightweight and aerospace.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2019-0490/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 72 no. 7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-11-2019-0490
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Wear mechanism
  • Fretting wear
  • Al-Li alloy
  • Tangential fretting

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Article
Publication date: 13 March 2017

Tribological properties of Fe-Cr-B alloy for sliding boot in coal mining machine under dry sliding condition

Hongbin Xuan and Gongjun Cui

To improve the wear resistance of the sliding boot, the wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared, and the wear mechanism is studied under dry sliding condition.

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Abstract

Purpose

To improve the wear resistance of the sliding boot, the wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared, and the wear mechanism is studied under dry sliding condition.

Design/methodology/approach

The anti-wear Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The tribological behavior of Fe-Cr-B alloy sliding against ASTM 1045 steel pin is studied at 30-60 N and 0.03-0.12 m/s using a reciprocating pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding condition. Meanwhile, the ASTM 5140 and 3316 steel are studied as compared samples.

Findings

The friction coefficients of tested specimens increase with the increasing normal load. However, this effect is the opposite in case of different sliding speeds. The specific wear rates increase as the sliding speed and normal load increase. The Fe-Cr-B alloy shows the best tribological properties under the dry sliding condition and the wear mechanism is mainly ploughing.

Originality/value

This wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy can replace the traditional materials to process the sliding shoes and improve the service life of coal mining machine.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 69 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-10-2015-0159
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Wear resistance
  • Wear mechanism
  • Sliding
  • Dry friction

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Article
Publication date: 8 April 2019

Effect of behavior of oil–air lubrication flow on characteristic of point contact sliding wear

Cong Liu, Baohong Tong, Guotao Zhang, Wei Wang, Kun Liu and Peimin Xu

This paper aims to investigate the influence of oil–air lubrication flow behavior on point contact sliding wear characteristics.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the influence of oil–air lubrication flow behavior on point contact sliding wear characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

Oil–air lubrication equations between point contact counterparts were established on the basis of volume of fluid model. The effects of oil supply and injection azimuth on oil-phase volume fraction and its pressure distribution were simulated with commercial software Fluent. Characteristics of point contact sliding wear were then tested with an MFT-3000 friction tester under oil–air lubrication condition. The influence of flow behavior on wear characteristic was investigated combined with numerical and experimental results. The wear mechanism was revealed using SEM, EDS and ferrography.

Findings

When air supply speed is constant, the oil-phase volume fraction increases with the increase in oil supply, which helps form continuous oil film and decrease the sliding wear evidently. The injection angle and distance considerably influence the oil–air flow behavior. When injecting at a certain distance and angle, the oil-phase volume fraction reaches its maximum, and the abrasion loss is minimal. Under the test conditions in this study, abrasive particles are mainly debris and a few spiral cuttings. The wear mechanism is abrasive wear.

Originality/value

The influence of the behavior of oil–air lubrication flow on the characteristic of point contact sliding wear is analyzed. This work provides guidance for the application of oil–air lubrication technology in point contact friction pairs.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 71 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-08-2018-0305
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Lubrication
  • Wear mechanism
  • Point contact
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
  • Flow behavior
  • Oil and gas components

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Article
Publication date: 12 October 2019

Optimization of wear parameters of Mg-(5.6Ti+3Al)-2.5B4C composite

Sathish S., Anandakrishnan V. and Gupta Manoj

The purpose of this study is to analyse and optimize the wear parameters of magnesium metal-metal composite. Materials with lesser weight attract both the researcher and…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyse and optimize the wear parameters of magnesium metal-metal composite. Materials with lesser weight attract both the researcher and industrialists, as it exhibits the performance improvement in the automotive and aerospace industries. The enrichment of mechanical and tribological properties of the existing magnesium focussed the development of new metal–metal composite.

Design/methodology/approach

Metal–metal composite with magnesium matrix was synthesized through the disintegrated melt deposition technique with the addition of titanium, aluminium and boron carbide particles. The wear performance of the composite was experimented with the dry sliding wear test by considering load, sliding velocity and sliding distance.

Findings

The wear rate of the composite is analysed statistically, and the significance of wear parameters on the wear performance of metal–metal composite is observed. The worn pin surface and the wear debris collected during the wear experiments were exposed to the microscopy analysis to seize the dominating wear mechanisms.

Originality/value

The wear performance of the developed magnesium composite was analysed and discussed in detail with the support of scientific evidence, i.e. worn surface and debris analysis express the wear mechanisms.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0326/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 72 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0326
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

  • Worn surface
  • Magnesium composite
  • Wear mechanism
  • Dry sliding wear
  • Microscopy analysis
  • Debris analysis

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