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Open Access
Article
Publication date: 11 August 2023

Jacobus Gerhardus J. Nortje and Daniel Christoffel Myburgh

This paper aims to identify impediments, discuss impediments and make recommendations for the impediments during the execution of a search and seizure warrant for digital evidence…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to identify impediments, discuss impediments and make recommendations for the impediments during the execution of a search and seizure warrant for digital evidence in South African criminal cases.

Design/methodology/approach

The discussion of this article, the second article of two, focuses on a literature review of international and local impediments identified in case law and published research literature and how it is approached in various jurisdictions.

Findings

This study found that impediments identified and addressed internationally during the execution of a search and seizure warrant for digital evidence are relevant to South African criminal cases and still need to be addressed during the execution of a search and seizure warrant for digital evidence in South African criminal cases.

Research limitations/implications

Although searches and seizures for digital evidence are relevant to civil, regulatory and criminal investigations, this study focuses on the search and seizure for digital evidence in criminal matters with an emphasis on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 and the Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies in the procedures followed during the physical search and seizure of digital information during the execution of search and seizure warrants for digital information in South Africa. If the South African Police Service follows the recommended procedures, it will contribute to the success of the South African Police Service, which would result in the improved quality of investigations and successful prosecution of crime in South Africa.

Details

Journal of Financial Crime, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-0790

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 6 July 2023

Jacobus Gerhardus J. Nortje and Daniel Christoffel Myburgh

The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss impediments in the compilation of an application for a search and seizure warrant for digital evidence and the structure of…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss impediments in the compilation of an application for a search and seizure warrant for digital evidence and the structure of such a warrant in South African criminal cases.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a brief overview of international and local impediments, followed by a detailed discussion of the implications of these impediments and how it is approached in various jurisdictions. The methodology of this paper consists of a literature review.

Findings

Addressing the impediments in the compilation of the application and the warrant will be beneficial for forensic investigators, the South African Police Service (SAPS) and the administration of justice in South Africa.

Research limitations/implications

Search and seizures for digital evidence form part of civil, regulatory and criminal search and seizures. This study focuses on the search and seizure of digital evidence in criminal matters pursuant to mainly the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 and the Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies in the approach to the drafting of applications for search and seizure warrants for digital information in South Africa. The contribution of the study is that, by using this approach, the SAPS can address the impediments during the application and compilation of the warrants, which would enhance the quality of investigations and contribute to the successful investigation and prosecution of crime in South Africa.

Details

Journal of Financial Crime, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-0790

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 30 November 2010

Doojin Ryu

This paper investigates the effects of introducing equity-linked warrants (ELWs) on the stock price, trading volume, volatility, and systematic risk (beta) by using the event…

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Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of introducing equity-linked warrants (ELWs) on the stock price, trading volume, volatility, and systematic risk (beta) by using the event study methodology. The study defines the event date as the announcement date as well as the listing date. In addition, whereas previous research has investigated only call ELWs, this study analyzes the effects of introducing both call and put ELWs.

The results provide no evidence of hedging effects of issuers before the announcement dates and information effects after the announcement dates. In addition, we can't find any significant changes of variables associated with the market completeness hypothesis near the listing dates.

However, the trading volume of the stock tends to increase in the days immediately following the listing of call ELWs, which may be due to the “informed trading effect”. The empirical results also provide support for the “diminishing short-sales restrictions” hypothesis related to the listing of put ELWs, which implies that short-sale restrictions can be reduced because put ELWs can provide investors with short positions in the underlying stock.

Details

Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies, vol. 18 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2713-6647

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 19 October 2023

Tinna Dögg Sigurdardóttir, Lee Rainbow, Adam Gregory, Pippa Gregory and Gisli Hannes Gudjonsson

The present study aims to examine the scope and contribution of behavioural investigative advice (BIA) reports from the National Crime Agency (NCA).

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Abstract

Purpose

The present study aims to examine the scope and contribution of behavioural investigative advice (BIA) reports from the National Crime Agency (NCA).

Design/methodology/approach

The 77 BIA reports reviewed were written between 2016 and 2021. They were evaluated using Toulmin’s (1958) strategy for structuring pertinent arguments, current compliance with professional standards, the grounds and backing provided for the claims made and the potential utility of the recommendations provided.

Findings

Consistent with previous research, most of the reports involved murder and sexual offences. The BIA reports met professional standards with extremely high frequency. The 77 reports contained a total of 1,308 claims of which 99% were based on stated grounds. A warrant and/or backing was provided for 73% of the claims. Most of the claims in the BIA reports involved a behavioural evaluation of the crime scene and offender characteristics. The potential utility of the reports was judged to be 95% for informative behavioural crime scene analysis and 40% for potential new lines of enquiry.

Practical implications

The reports should serve as a model for the work of behavioural investigative advisers internationally.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to systematically evaluate BIA reports commissioned by the NCA; it adds to previous similar studies by evaluating the largest number of BIA reports ever reviewed, and uniquely provides judgement of overall utility.

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 10 February 2022

Renier Christiaan Els and Helen H.W. Meyer

The successful implementation of quality management in organizations is dependent on people, particularly leaders. It seems as if leaders' affective states (attitudes and…

2456

Abstract

Purpose

The successful implementation of quality management in organizations is dependent on people, particularly leaders. It seems as if leaders' affective states (attitudes and commitment) in the military were connected to their capability to inspire people and a group (corps training unit) to achieve a common goal. The research reported in this article was aimed at examining officers in corps training units' attitudes towards, and commitment to quality management in training in the South African Army.

Design/methodology/approach

Focus group interviews were conducted with a sample of 49 officers on various levels (senior, junior and warrant officers) at six South African Army corps training units.

Findings

The findings indicate that the attitudes of leaders played a significant role to ensure that quality management of training is conducted effectively. Participants experienced that leaders in the South African Army were mostly responsible for the negative attitudes of officers in corps training units. Inadequate leadership support and lack of trust contributed to a lack of transparency and poor communication that resulted in poor commitment among officers at corps training units. The investigation further revealed that a positive affective state (attitudes and commitment) of leaders is essential in ensuring effective quality management of training.

Originality/value

The potential usefulness of this research may provide insight into how leaders' affective state could be improved to ensure effective quality management. This research may also be of interest to other organizations that conduct in-house training.

Details

The TQM Journal, vol. 34 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2731

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 24 October 2021

Robyn Brouer, Rebecca Badawy and Michael Stefanone

This study aims to explore the consequences of inconsistent diversity-related signals for job seekers. Information sources include strategically crafted corporate signals and…

1842

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore the consequences of inconsistent diversity-related signals for job seekers. Information sources include strategically crafted corporate signals and independent sources. The authors seek to understand the effect of inconsistent diversity signals on job seekers attitudes and behavior during recruitment.

Design/methodology/approach

An experiment was conducted wherein two samples from job-seeking populations were first exposed to a fictitious corporate website and then to LinkedIn profiles of that organization’s employees, with systematically varied diversity signals.

Findings

Results demonstrated that conflicting diversity signals had negative effects on perceived organizational attractiveness in the student sample (N = 427) and on organizational agreeableness in the working sample (N = 243). Negative organizational attraction was related to a lower likelihood of participants applying.

Practical implications

This work provides a stark but an important message to practitioners: signaling diversity-related values on corporate websites may backfire for organizations that actually lack diversity.

Originality/value

Few studies have combined communication theories with recruitment to examine the link between diversity signals and inconsistent information gathered via social media.

Details

Organization Management Journal, vol. 19 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN:

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 31 August 2014

Sun-Joong Yoon

This study verifies the existence of implied volatility distortion by the rapid growth of structured products such as Equity Linked Securities (ELS) in Korean financial markets…

45

Abstract

This study verifies the existence of implied volatility distortion by the rapid growth of structured products such as Equity Linked Securities (ELS) in Korean financial markets and provides the policy implications to overcome such a distortion. The most ELS products issued in Korea have a step-down auto-callable payoff structure consisting of short position in down-and-in barrier put options and long position in digital call options. Financial companies which have issued ELS are exposed to the volatility risk, i.e. long vega position, and tend to execute the volatility transactions of short vega. For instance, the financial companies issue Equity-Linked Warrants or sell listed/over-the-counter vanilla options, both of which have short position in volatility risk. Accordingly, the demand for selling volatility is stronger than for buying volatility in the Korean financial markets. According to the empirical results, we conform that the rapid growth of the ELS products induces the pressure for lowering volatility and furthermore, the volatility spreads, defined as the difference between implied volatility and realized volatility, also decrease with respect the amount of the newly issued ELS. Lastly, to mitigate the volatility distortion effect, we suggest to list VKOSPI-related derivatives securities such as VKOSPI futures and options, which in turn balance the trading demands for selling and buying volatilities.

Details

Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies, vol. 22 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2713-6647

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 31 August 2014

Youngmin Choi

This paper focuses on the controversy about DMA (direct market access) system that facilitates ELW (equity linked warrants) transaction. We analyze trading profit/loss and such…

14

Abstract

This paper focuses on the controversy about DMA (direct market access) system that facilitates ELW (equity linked warrants) transaction. We analyze trading profit/loss and such features in accordance with the investor type by the combination of trading counts and trading amounts. Especially, our analysis centers on whether brokerages’ providing DMA system contributes to the market expansion and DMA system serves as a profit-making expedient for the investors whose trading amount is large or trading frequency is high.

Based on our empirical examination utilizing total ELW trading data from 2009 to 2011, the following implications are obtained as a result: Firstly, the growth of the ELW market mainly comes from the increased transactions by the investors accessing via DMA and there is no evidence that providing DMA system itself adds to the revitalization of overall market. Secondly, our GMM results using dummy variables confirm us that providing DMA possibly plays a critical role in making profit for the investor of large trading amount or high trading frequency. Our results support the structural problem is embedded in ELW market and DMA system intensifies such unfair game.

Details

Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies, vol. 22 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2713-6647

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 24 October 2023

Tinna Dögg Sigurdardóttir, Adrian West and Gisli Hannes Gudjonsson

This study aims to examine the scope and contribution of Forensic Clinical Psychology (FCP) advice from the National Crime Agency (NCA) to criminal investigations in the UK to…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the scope and contribution of Forensic Clinical Psychology (FCP) advice from the National Crime Agency (NCA) to criminal investigations in the UK to address the gap in current knowledge and research.

Design/methodology/approach

The 36 FCP reports reviewed were written between 2017 and 2021. They were analysed using Toulmin’s (1958) application of pertinent arguments to the evaluation process. The potential utility of the reports was analysed in terms of the advice provided.

Findings

Most of the reports involved murder and equivocal death. The reports focused primarily on understanding the offender’s psychopathology, actions, motivation and risk to self and others using a practitioner model of case study methodology. Out of the 539 claims, grounds were provided for 99% of the claims, 91% had designated modality, 62% of the claims were potentially verifiable and 57% of the claims were supported by a warrant and/or backing. Most of the reports provided either moderate or high insight into the offence/offender (92%) and potential for new leads (64%).

Practical implications

The advice provided relied heavily on extensive forensic clinical and investigative experience of offenders, guided by theory and research and was often performed under considerable time pressure. Flexibility, impartiality, rigour and resilience are essential prerequisites for this type of work.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically evaluate forensic clinical psychology reports from the NCA. It shows the pragmatic, dynamic and varied nature of FCP contributions to investigations and its potential utility.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 10 July 2017

Ashraf Md. Hashim, Farrukh Habib, Ziyaat Isaacs and Mohamed Anouar Gadhoum

The purpose of this paper is to explain and critically analyse the Sharīʿah screening criteria and cleansing process for income generated from stocks with a special focus on a…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain and critically analyse the Sharīʿah screening criteria and cleansing process for income generated from stocks with a special focus on a newly developed ISRA-Bloomberg methodology.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper focuses on the methodology of ISRA-Bloomberg in terms of Sharīʿah screening of stocks and the income cleansing process. To achieve this objective, this paper adopts a descriptive approach.

Findings

The methodology of ISRA-Bloomberg is unique in terms of its criterion for screening stocks, the cleansing process and coverage of the universe of stocks. It facilitates the investors by offering a novel colour-coding scheme to indicate the Sharīʿah compliance of a stock. It also provides the exact ratios of the Sharīʿah-compliance criteria to the investors so they can closely observe changes in the trend of ratios and decide beforehand whether or not a company is likely to remain within the Sharīʿah-compliant list. The paper further discusses the issues in the screening and cleansing practices faced by the industry.

Research limitations/implications

This research is limited to the criteria of screening and income purification of stocks which have been used by ISRA-Bloomberg from a Sharīʿah perspective.

Practical/implications

The robust screening criteria and comprehensive analysis of the stocks will enhance the confidence of Islamic capital market participants. The investors, regulators and index providers will be equally able to benefit from this initiative.

Originality/value

The paper focuses on the recently established methodology of ISRA-Bloomberg, which has not been discussed in the literature until now. The methodology, because of its exceptionality, may add a new dimension to Sharīʿah screening and cleansing of stocks.

Details

ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0128-1976

Keywords

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