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This study aims to understand the bi-directional relationship between residents’ perceived community-oriented factors and residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists. It compares the mutual influences between the human–place relationship and the resident–tourist relationship.

A research model with two arrows was constructed, presenting two sets of research hypotheses. Hypothesis A formalizes the effect of community-oriented factors on emotional solidarity, while Hypothesis B formalizes the effect of emotional solidarity on community-oriented factors. Using systematic sampling, this study received 462 valid questionnaires in Macau. These samples were used in confirmation factor analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

In the one-way influence of community-oriented factors on emotional solidarity, residents’ community attachment, commitment and involvement have the greatest effect, respectively, on their welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding and emotional closeness to tourists. In the one-way influence of emotional solidarity on community-oriented factors, residents’ welcoming nature to tourists has the greatest impact on community attachment and commitment while residents’ emotional closeness has the greatest impact on community involvement. Besides, the impact of community-oriented factors on emotional solidarity has stronger explanatory power than the impact of emotional solidarity on community-oriented factors.

Contrary to most tourism studies on residents’ perspectives that only focus on one-way influence, this study suggested a dual-way approach that helps researchers further build complex models to better explain the complex relationships between places, residents and tourists. Furthermore, this study provides a contribution to tourism research on emotional solidarity by clarifying the flexible roles of community-oriented factors on residents’ emotional solidarity.

本研究旨在了解居民感知的社区导向因素与居民对游客情感团结之间的双向关系。它比较了人-地关系和居民-游客关系之间的相互影响。

本研究构建了一个有两套研究假设的双箭头模型。假设A确定了社区导向因素对情感团结的影响, 而假设B确定了情感团结对社区导向因素的影响。本研究通过系统抽样在澳门收到462份有效问卷。这些样本被用于确认因子分析和逐步多元回归分析。

在社区导向因素对情感团结的单向影响中, 居民的社区依恋、承诺和参与分别对他们对游客的欢迎本质、同情理解和情感亲密有最大影响。在情感团结对社区导向因素的单向影响中, 居民对游客的欢迎本质对社区依恋和承诺的影响最大, 而居民的情感亲密对社区参与的影响最大。此外, 社区导向因素对情感团结的影响比情感团结对社区导向因素的影响具有更强的解释力。

不同于大多数关于居民视角的旅游研究只关注单向影响, 本研究提出了一种双向的方法, 有助于研究者进一步建立复杂的模型, 以更好地解释地方、居民和游客之间的复杂关系。此外, 本研究通过阐明社区导向因素对居民情感团结的灵活作用, 为旅游业的情感团结研究提供了贡献。

Este estudio pretende comprender la relación bidireccional entre los factores orientados a la comunidad percibidos por los residentes y la solidaridad emocional de éstos con los turistas. Compara las influencias mutuas entre la relación persona-lugar y la relación residente-turista.

Se construyó un modelo de investigación con dos flechas, que presenta dos conjuntos de hipótesis de investigación. La hipótesis A formaliza el efecto de los factores orientados a la comunidad sobre la solidaridad emocional, mientras que la hipótesis B formaliza el efecto de la solidaridad emocional sobre los factores orientados a la comunidad. Mediante un muestreo sistemático, este estudio recibió 462 cuestionarios válidos en Macao. Estas muestras se utilizaron en el análisis factorial de confirmación y en el análisis de regresión múltiple por pasos.

en la influencia unidireccional de los factores orientados a la comunidad sobre la solidaridad emocional, el apego a la comunidad, el compromiso y la implicación de los residentes tienen el mayor efecto, respectivamente, sobre su carácter acogedor, su comprensión y su cercanía emocional a los turistas. En la influencia unidireccional de la solidaridad emocional sobre los factores orientados a la comunidad, el carácter acogedor de los residentes hacia los turistas tiene el mayor impacto sobre el apego y el compromiso comunitarios, mientras que la cercanía emocional de los residentes tiene el mayor impacto sobre la implicación comunitaria. Además, el impacto de los factores orientados a la comunidad en la solidaridad emocional tiene mayor poder explicativo que el impacto de la solidaridad emocional en los factores orientados a la comunidad.

A diferencia de la mayoría de los estudios turísticos sobre las perspectivas de los residentes que sólo se centran en la influencia unidireccional, este estudio sugiere un enfoque bidireccional que ayuda a los investigadores a seguir construyendo modelos complejos para explicar mejor las complejas relaciones entre lugares, residentes y turistas. Además, este estudio contribuye a la investigación turística sobre la solidaridad emocional aclarando el papel flexible de los factores orientados a la comunidad en la solidaridad emocional de los residentes.

This study aims to construct a two-step model to examine how passive (mental imagery and immersion) and active (engagement) responses build a spatial presence in 360° virtual tours by constructing the spatial situation. This study further tests the difference between first-time and repeat users in building a spatial presence.

Systematic sampling was applied to collect data. Valid data from 355 participants were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling.

The results show that other than the direct effect of engagement on spatial presence, the spatial situation partially mediates the effects on the spatial presence of two passive responses. Through comparative analysis of the three models, this study confirms that the two-step model provides a better fit for the data. For repeat users, the spatial situation is the major source of spatial presence.

The results offer suggestions for destination marketers to develop effective virtual tours to induce the spatial presence of repeat users and first users.

This study contributes a two-step model for researchers to consider the mediating role of the spatial situation in further studies in the context of virtual reality (VR) tourism. This study also helps researchers design their future VR research in tourism by elucidating the roles of passive and active psychological responses in determining spatial presence.

该研究构建了一个两步模型, 以检查被动（心理意象和沉浸）和主动（参与）反应如何通过构建空间情境在 360° 虚拟旅游中构建空间存在。 这项研究进一步测试了初次使用者和重复使用者在建立空间呈现感方面的差异。

本研究应用系统抽样来收集数据。 使用 PLS-SEM 分析了来自 355 名参与者的有效数据。

结果表明, 除了参与对空间存在的直接影响外, 空间情况部分地调节了两种被动反应对空间存在的影响。 通过对三种模型的比较分析, 本研究证实了两步模型可以提供更好的数据拟合。 对于重复用户来说, 空间情境是空间呈现感的主要来源。

研究发现为目的地营销人员提供了建议, 以开发有效的虚拟旅游从而诱导重复用户和首次用户的空间呈现。

本研究为研究人员提供了一个两步模型, 以考虑空间状况在 VR 旅游背景下的进一步研究中的中介作用。 这项研究还通过阐明被动和主动心理反应在确定空间呈现中的作用, 帮助研究人员设计他们未来的旅游 VR 研究。

This study aims to develop a conceptual model to understand how customer knowledge management (CKM) affects fitness club membership renewal through the mediation of relationship quality.

Data were collected outside of fitness clubs using a systematic sampling method. A total of 224 valid responses were collected. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the relationship between the constructs of the research model.

The results indicate that both knowledge from customers and knowledge for customers have a positive influence on customer satisfaction and customer trust. Among them, knowledge for customers has a stronger influence on customer satisfaction while knowledge from customers has a greater influence on customer trust. Additionally, three dimensions of relationship quality (customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer commitment) positively influence membership renewal intention with customer commitment exhibiting the greatest influence on it.

This study combines the theories of CKM and relationship quality management to explain why members will renew their service contracts. By using fitness clubs as an example, this research extends the authors' understanding of how knowledge from and for customers can influence customers' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards service companies.

While travelling, tourists like to use mobile technology to share their travel experiences. This study aims to understand how the social value gained by tourists from sharing a travel experience with mobile technology affects their satisfaction with the travel experience through onsite mobile sharing behaviour.

A second-order hierarchical model is constructed to examine the moderated mediating role of onsite mobile sharing behaviour in improving tourists’ travel satisfaction. Through systematic sampling, 304 responses were collected at ten attraction points in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China.

The results show that, compared with self-centred values (self-presentation and self-identification), other-centred values (building social connection and reciprocity) contribute more to forming social values of sharing. In addition, onsite mobile sharing behaviour partially mediates and moderates the effect of social values on travel satisfaction.

This study applies the social capital theory to identify the value gained by sharing travel experiences and empirically evaluates the impact of these values on the overall value of sharing travel experiences. This study also contributes to tourism research by examining the moderated mediating role of onsite mobile sharing behaviour in improving travel satisfaction. This study helps destination marketing to make strategies to motivate tourists to use mobile technology to share their travel experiences while travelling.

Mainland Chinese students are the largest group of international students globally. The role of international students in destination marketing can be seen as “Word-of-Mouth Champions”. This study attempts to examine the effect of place attachment and affinity for Mainland Chinese students on generating word-of-mouth intention towards their place of study.

Six well-trained research assistants collected paper-based questionnaires in six institutions in Macao. They chose every tenth student who passed by to fill in the questionnaire at six locations in each institution. This study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to estimate the strength of causal relationship among place identity, place dependence, affinity and intention to word-of-mouth.

The results of the survey from 327 students in Macao indicate that place dependence, place identity and affinity drive Mainland Chinese students to provide word-of-mouth regarding Macao. Place dependence has a positive influence on place identity, and place identity has a positive influence on affinity with residents. However, place dependence has no significant direct effect on affinity.

Evidence from this study indicates the importance of students' word-of-mouth as they as sojourners, in particular, the students' place attachment and affinity for residents is critical to positive their Word-of-mouth on destinations. This research offers insights about the potential group which need require attention.

This study fills a research gap by exploring the relationship between place attachment and social distance in influencing Mainland Chinese students' behaviour, a relationship that has rarely been investigated in tourism research. Practical recommendations are provided to the governments, universities and education enterprises according to the results of the study. From both theoretical and practical perspectives, the findings from this study suggest promoting international students to turn into real “Word-of-Mouth Champions”.

This paper aims to explore and develop knowledge about implementing and applying a quality management system (QMS) in the public sector.

A study was conducted including 16 qualitative in-depth interviews with 18 respondents, all working with QMSs in the Swedish public sector.

The study identified five main themes that are problematic in relation to the implementation of the statutory QMS in the public sector. The identified themes show that there exists a gap between theory and practice regarding how the statutory QMS needs to be implemented and applied.

Based on the analysis of the findings, the authors propose a model of core values and supporting elements for QMS in the public sector to bridge the gap between theory and practice.

The study identified problems when implementing statutory QMSs in the public sector and presents a model of improvement. Further research is needed regarding statutory QMS in the public sector.

Research on knowledge creation within eSports learning is scarce. This study extends the understanding of competition-oriented collaborative learning in eSports by examining the relationship between the dynamics of knowledge creation modes and the continuum of the motivational profile, along with the moderating effects of mutualistic co-presence therein.

Participants were recruited from the community of massively multiplayer online gamers (MMOGs). Through a quantitative survey, their motivations (i.e. self-extrinsic, self-intrinsic, peer-extrinsic and peer-intrinsic motivations), knowledge creation involvements (i.e. internalization, externalization, combination and socialization) and perception of mutualistic benefit of self and peers were captured for hypothesis testing.

Significant and positive direct relationships were observed between four motivations and four knowledge creation modes. The mutualistic co-presence positively moderated the positive relationship between the self-extrinsic, peer-extrinsic and peer-intrinsic motivations and socialization. When mutualistic self-benefit were outweighed, peer-extrinsic motivated gamers became less likely to perform internalization, whereas self-extrinsic and peer-extrinsic motivated gamers were less likely to perform combination.

This study is among the first to rationalize the relationship between motivational profile and the dynamics of knowledge creation in eSports learning. The conceptualization of the new construct – mutualistic co-presence – using the ecological concept of symbiosis is uncommon in prior literature. The findings also demonstrate that the four modes of knowledge creation in eSports learning are continuous and interwoven; they can be initiated at any point and do not necessarily occur in a specific sequence.

This study aims to examine the impact of information communication technology-enabled work during non-working hours (ICT-enabled WNWHs), as a source of stress, on employee behavioral outcomes –in-role job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) that benefit organizations and OCBs that benefit individuals, through emotional responses – work exhaustion, nonwork exhaustion and organization-based self-esteem. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns demonstrated that employees frequently engage in ICT-enabled WNWHs, studying stress induced by ICT-enabled WNWHs is essential for understanding employee adaptation to the work-from-home trend that emerged from COVID-19 lockdowns.

A quantitative survey comprising 1,178 employees in China was conducted, and the data reliability and validity were confirmed. Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was employed to test the hypotheses.

The study results empirically proved that, although ICT-enabled WNWHs had significant effects on employee behavioral outcomes, the related emotional responses were the mediators of the stress transmission mechanism that directly affected employee behavioral outcomes. Notably, work exhaustion and organization-based self-esteem partially mediate the stress transmission mechanism, while nonwork exhaustion exerts a full mediating effect.

This study proposes the stress transmission mechanism of ICT-enabled WNWHs and delineates emotional responses regarding the work environment attributes of ICT-enabled WNWHs, an approach rarely seen in prior IS studies. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to identify and empirically demonstrate organization-based self-esteem as one among the emotional responses to ICT-enabled WNWHs. Furthermore, it expands understanding of the holistic impacts of ICT-enabled WNWHs, which is lacking in information systems (IS) literature.

The online brand advocacy behaviors of omnichannel shoppers, who mainly rely on integrated brick-and-mortar stores (recognized as a vital channel for delivering a seamless shopping experience and meeting the dynamic needs of the shoppers), are still understudied. This study aims to investigate how integrated store service quality (ISSQ) may elicit both positive and negative emotions that contribute to a memorable omnichannel shopping experience and have an impact on shoppers' attachment to the store, leading to their exhibition of online brand advocacy behaviors (brand defense, brand positivity, brand knowledge sharing and virtual positive expression).

The study is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative investigation. The research participants were chosen using a purposive sampling technique. Using a validated self-administered questionnaire, data were gathered from 886 Indian omnichannel shoppers who often purchase at the integrated brick-and-mortar store. The proposed conceptual model was tested using Smart PLS software for partial least squares-structural equation modeling.

The results indicate that positive and negative emotions mediate the relationship between ISSQ and memorable omnichannel shopping experiences, subsequently impacting omnichannel shoppers' attachment to the store and leading to online brand advocacy behaviors. The relationship strength perceived by shoppers significantly positively moderated the relationship between store attachment and different online brand advocacy behaviors (brand defense, brand positivity, brand knowledge sharing and virtual positive expression).

The study relied upon single cross-sectional data from the Indian population, where omnichannel retailing is still nascent.

This study addresses the need to investigate the different emotions that arise while evaluating service quality in omnichannel retail purchase journeys leading to memorable shopping experiences. Emphasizing post-purchase behaviors like different online brand advocacy behaviors (brand defense, brand positivity, brand knowledge sharing and virtual positive expression), this study is the first to show that ISSQ might affect four different OBAs through memorable omnichannel shopping experience and the shopper's sense of attachment to the store. The moderating effect of relationship strength perceived by shoppers with the retailer on a few proposed hypotheses was also tested to give managerial recommendations.

The successful implementation of hospital projects (HPs) tends to confront sundry challenges in the planning and construction (P&C) phases due to their complexity and particularity. Employing key performance indicators (KPIs) facilitates the monitoring of HPs to advance their successful delivery. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the KPIs for hospital planning and construction (HPC).

The KPIs for HPC were identified through a systematic review. Then a comprehensive assessment of these KPIs was performed utilizing a meta-analysis method. In this process, basic statistical analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitive analysis and publication bias analysis were performed.

Results indicate that all 27 KPIs identified from the literature are significant for executing HPs in P&C phases. Also, some unconventional performance indicators are crucial for implementing HPs, such as “Project monitoring effectiveness” and “Industry innovation and synergy,” as their high significance is reflected in this study. Despite the fact that the findings of meta-analysis are more trustworthy than those of individual studies, a high heterogeneity still exists in the findings. It highlights the inherent uncertainty in the construction industry. Hence, this study applied subgroup analysis to explore the underlying factors causing the high level of heterogeneity and used sensitive analysis to assess the robustness of the findings.

There is no consensus among the prior studies on KPIs for HPC specifically and their degree of significance. Additionally, few reviews in this field have focused on the reliability of the results. This study comprehensively assesses the KPIs for HPC and explores the variability and robustness of the results, which provides a multi-dimensional perspective for practitioners and the research community to investigate the performance of HPs during the P&C stages.