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Objective. To report on the patterns of substance use in newly admitted male and female South Australian prisoners using the WHO‐ASSIST screening tool (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) and observe the feasibility of using the ASSIST and associated Brief Intervention in this population. Data sources. Results of the first 518 prisoners screened using ASSIST in South Australian reception prisons. Results. In the first 10 months of the implementation of the WHO ASSIST, 518 clients were assessed in the 3 metropolitan intake prisons in Adelaide, Australia. This represents 31% of all male and 35% of all female prisoners admitted over this period. Injecting drug use was reported in the previous 3 months by 55% of men and 51% of women. The six most common substances used at high and moderate risk levels, in order of prevalence (from high to low) in males were tobacco, cannabis, amphetamines, opiates, alcohol, and sedatives. In women the order was tobacco, amphetamines, cannabis, opiates and sedatives equal, and alcohol. Fifty percent of men and 33% of women were using four or more substances. Overall rates of substance use related risk amongst men coming into prison are slightly greater than for women. Accessing prisoners for screening within the first few days is difficult with 55% already being released or at court or other external appointments.

The purpose of this paper is to provide the personal accounts of the journey back to work from the perspective of both the person entering employment and the Employment Specialist who assisted them.

Two people with mental health problems who received help into employment from an employment service in a London Mental Health Trust were asked to give write their accounts of their journey. The Employment Specialists who assisted them in this journey were also asked to write their accounts.

Reflective accounts – no findings presented.

Much has been written about the effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support evidence-based supported employment, but little has been published about the lived experience of this approach from the perspective of both the person endeavouring to return to work and the employment specialists who support them. This paper presents two such accounts.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the current surgical reimbursement system in Japan reflects resource utilization after the revision of fee schedule in 2014.

The authors collected data from all the surgical procedures performed at Teikyo University Hospital from April 1 through September 30, 2014. The authors defined the decision-making unit as a surgeon with the highest academic rank in the surgery. Inputs were defined as the number of medical doctors who assisted surgery, and the time of operation from skin incision to closure. An output was defined as the surgical fee. The authors calculated surgeons’ efficiency scores using data envelopment analysis.

The efficiency scores of each surgical specialty were significantly different (p=0.000).

This result demonstrates that the Japanese surgical reimbursement scales still fail to reflect resource utilization despite the revision of surgical fee schedule.

In this article, we examine the ways in which older women’s experiences of imprisonment, aging, and health impact their lives. Specifically, we focus on the community reintegration experiences of older women who have served long prison sentences, exploring the lasting effects of imprisonment and aging on their physical and mental health. Two separate Canadian studies of reintegration, consisting of interviews with older reintegrating women, as well as the professionals who assist them in the community, are used to highlight older women’s reintegrations. While researchers have argued that older women should face fewer challenges during reintegration and are more likely to succeed in the community than other reintegrating populations, we find that they experience many difficulties and barriers linked to their age, health and gender.

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the current status and the development of ethnic minority businesses in the USA and in the UK. Comparing the two countries’ past, current, and likely future situations and recognizing that each situation offers some lessons to the other, implications for minority business owners and for those who assist or study such businesses in each country are presented.

This paper presents descriptive research and analysis, developed from a thorough study of governmental and non-governmental minority business assistance programs, and of corporate procurement programs, utilizing both primary and secondary sources; governmental, non-governmental organization and corporate publications; and the existing academic and practitioner literature.

Practitioners, consultants, and researchers in both the USA and the UK face considerable regulatory, demographic and other challenges and opportunities over the coming years with regard to the status and progress of minority-owned businesses and the appropriate nature of public and private policies and programs to foster and assist such businesses. Each country can benefit from the other's experience, as discussed and explained in this paper.

Specific recommendations are provided for those involved with targeted assistance programs in each country – for practitioners, governmental, and non-governmental program administrators, consultants to such businesses, and those who conduct research with this focus.

A search of the existing literature indicates that research with this focus has not been previously published.

All airlines are concerned about their public image and are aware that this is created largely by their standards of personal service. Passenger Services Staff, Air Cabin Crew and Reservations Sales Agents present this service to passengers, face‐to‐face or by telephone. We are concerned with the first of these three groups; staff who assist passengers on the ground, at airports and town terminals. During 1970 and 1971 a working party of training and line managers from several international airlines, including BEA, met at the Air Transport and Travel Industry Training Board to prepare Training Guidance for Passenger Service Staff. These recommendations are now published.

ARCHITECTURAL COLLEGE LIBRARIES. Few special colleges are so ‘library conscious’ as those training the architect. This, of course, is partly due to the nature of the profession: the syllabus of training allows much greater individuality in approach than is possible to the student taking a degree in the sciences or engineering. Because of this the student makes a greater use of the periodical literature and general reading on his subjects. For this reason, it is important for architectural schools to have well‐equipped libraries. This is recognised by the Royal Institute of British Architects who assist the schools in many ways such as the preparation of a library bulletin, many specialist bibliographies and a recommended list of English and foreign periodicals.

The other day, a librarian leaned over the reference desk and chatted with a bemused reader about a recent article in The New York Times. It could just as well have been a conversation concerning a movie, a television program, a play, or a local baseball game. Aside from enjoying themselves, the two illustrate the informal user survey. The librarian learned about another individual's attitudes and tastes. Later this knowledge will be translated into opinions on the interests of the community and will probably surface in discussion about what books to buy or not to buy. At the same time, the friendly reader came to appreciate the librarian, who assisted with everything from finding materials for the children to passing the time discussing a current event.

The purpose of this paper is to examine from the viewpoint of resource utilization the Japanese surgical payment system which was revised in April 2016.

The authors collected data from surgical records in the Teikyo University electronic medical record system from April 1 till September 30, 2016. The authors defined the decision-making unit as a surgeon with the highest academic rank in the surgery. Inputs were defined as the number of medical doctors who assisted surgery, and the time of operation from skin incision to closure. An output was defined as the surgical fee. The authors calculated each surgeon’s efficiency score using output-oriented Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes model of data envelopment analysis. The authors compared the efficiency scores of each surgical specialty using the Kruskal–Wallis and the Steel method.

The authors analyzed 2,558 surgical procedures performed by 109 surgeons. The difference in efficiency scores was significant (p = 0.000). The efficiency score of neurosurgery was significantly greater than obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, orthopedics, emergency surgery, urology, otolaryngology and plastic surgery (p<0.05).

The authors demonstrated that the surgeons’ efficiency was significantly different among their specialties. This suggests that the Japanese surgical reimbursement scales fail to reflect resource utilization despite the revision in 2016.

The Privy Council in the recent Brunei decision of Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan has widened the liability of third parties who assist in a breach of trust. They will now be liable if they have dishonestly facilitated an otherwise honest breach. This decision is of fundamental importance to professionals, such as bankers, lawyers and accountants, who deal with other persons' financial or business affairs.