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1 – 10 of over 6000In order to discuss visual truth both from the epistemological and ethical perspective, this essay focuses on the nature of photographic image and its complex relationship with…
Abstract
In order to discuss visual truth both from the epistemological and ethical perspective, this essay focuses on the nature of photographic image and its complex relationship with human perception and ethics in Western culture. It argues that this relationship is similarly complex to that of history and reality it represents and points out that the ethical approach to truth is most constructive for society. By looking at the most politically, ethically, and ideologically engaged category: war photography, the author analyzes how images are constructed and used in various contexts. The text provides a background of history of war iconography but focuses on the examples from the twentieth and twenty-first century: the Vietnam War, the Balkan conflict, the war in the Persian Gulf, the war in Iraq, and the war in Syria.
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This chapter seeks to present a limited overview of some aspects of manipulated and/or fake images that contribute to society ‘becoming post-truth’. It subclassifies levels of…
Abstract
This chapter seeks to present a limited overview of some aspects of manipulated and/or fake images that contribute to society ‘becoming post-truth’. It subclassifies levels of manipulation and also presents the finding from a descriptive survey that gauges perceptions on awareness and recognisability of fake images. It also presents perceptions of effect on individuals of images modified for aesthetic reasons and carried by social media. The majority of respondents seemed affected by this, but with only a minority whose perception of self was affected. Another result of the survey is that there is a general mistrust of images not carried by gatekept sources.
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In job advertisements, companies present claims about their organizational identity. My study explores how employers use multimodality in visuals and verbal text to construct…
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In job advertisements, companies present claims about their organizational identity. My study explores how employers use multimodality in visuals and verbal text to construct organizational identity claims and address potential future employees. Drawing on a multimodal analysis of job advertisements used by German fashion companies between 1968 and 2013, I identify three types of job advertisements and analyze their content and latent meanings. I find three specific relationships between identity claims’ verbal and visual dimensions that also influence viewers’ attraction to, perception of the legitimacy of, and identification with organizations. My study contributes to research on multimodality and on organizational identity claims.
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Christine Petr, Russell Belk and Alain Decrop
The purpose of this paper is to present videography as a rising method available for academics. Visuals are increasingly omnipresent in the modern society. As they become easy to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present videography as a rising method available for academics. Visuals are increasingly omnipresent in the modern society. As they become easy to create and use, videos are no longer only for ethnographers and specialist researchers.
Design/methodology/approach
In the society of “user-content generation,” visual data are incredibly important, original, and powerful sources providing researchers with opportunities to inventively make their results more resonant and more broadly accessible.
Findings
Moreover, videography offers the opportunity for researchers to become a kind of artist since they become visual producers.
Practical implications
This paper offers concrete advices for researchers who want to to become visual producers.
Social implications
Researchers have to make their results more resonant and more broadly accessable.
Originality/value
Videography is a new way (an artistic one) to present results of research.
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This bibliographic essay examines the scope and variety of nonfiction works in comics form with the intent of expanding librarians’ awareness of the diversity of such materials…
Abstract
Purpose
This bibliographic essay examines the scope and variety of nonfiction works in comics form with the intent of expanding librarians’ awareness of the diversity of such materials and serving as a resource for librarians.
Design/methodology/approach
It provides some theoretical background for understanding what constitutes nonfiction in graphic form and an overview of works available in print.
Findings
The article provides a representative (but not comprehensive) survey of graphic nonfiction works in the genres of memoir, travel, journalism, history, biography, science, essays and educational materials.
Research limitations/implications
The essay focuses on materials published in books in English; the library world would benefit from subsequent research exploring the richness of materials available in other formats and other languages.
Originality/value
The field of graphic nonfiction is expanding, and this article serves as a guide for libraries interested in building or expanding collections in this format.
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Justyna Bandola-Gill, Sotiria Grek and Matteo Ronzani
The visualization of ranking information in global public policy is moving away from traditional “league table” formats and toward dashboards and interactive data displays. This…
Abstract
The visualization of ranking information in global public policy is moving away from traditional “league table” formats and toward dashboards and interactive data displays. This paper explores the rhetoric underpinning the visualization of ranking information in such interactive formats, the purpose of which is to encourage country participation in reporting on the Sustainable Development Goals. The paper unpacks the strategies that the visualization experts adopt in the measurement of global poverty and wellbeing, focusing on a variety of interactive ranking visualizations produced by the OECD, the World Bank, the Gates Foundation and the ‘Our World in Data’ group at the University of Oxford. Building on visual and discourse analysis, the study details how the politically and ethically sensitive nature of global public policy, coupled with the pressures for “decolonizing” development, influence how rankings are visualized. The study makes two contributions to the literature on rankings. First, it details the move away from league table formats toward multivocal interactive layouts that seek to mitigate the competitive and potentially dysfunctional pressures of the display of “winners and losers.” Second, it theorizes ranking visualizations in global public policy as “alignment devices” that entice country buy-in and seek to align actors around common global agendas.
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Fiona Rose Greenland and Michelle D. Fabiani
Satellite images can be a powerful source of data for analyses of conflict dynamics and social movements, but sociology has been slow to develop methods and metadata standards for…
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Satellite images can be a powerful source of data for analyses of conflict dynamics and social movements, but sociology has been slow to develop methods and metadata standards for transforming those images into data. We ask: How can satellite images become useful data? What are the key methodological and ethical considerations for incorporating high-resolution satellite images into conflict research? Why are metadata important in this work? We begin with a review of recent developments in satellite-based social scientific work on conflict, then discuss the technical and epistemological issues raised by machine processing of satellite information into user-ready images. We argue that high-resolution images can be useful analytical tools provided they are used with full awareness of their ethical and technical parameters. To support our analysis, we draw on two novel studies of satellite data research practices during the Syrian war. We conclude with a discussion of specific methodological procedures tried and tested in our ongoing work.
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Purpose: This project examines both the media practice of covering perp walks and the discourse of perp walks as performative rituals, with the goal of understanding how grounded…
Abstract
Purpose: This project examines both the media practice of covering perp walks and the discourse of perp walks as performative rituals, with the goal of understanding how grounded practice shapes meaning.
Methodology/approach: This project combines ethnographic observation and interview research to explore the grounded experience of perp walk participants, including journalists, law enforcement, and defendants.
Findings: The analysis suggests that perp walks are constructions that serve the interests of the state and that their resulting images are not neutral documents. Visual journalists are managed by law enforcement through embodied gatekeeping in practice and experience pressure from newsrooms to capture a particular moment. Defendants report feeling violated because they are unable to control the discourse of their recontextualized image.
Research limitations: As a qualitative-research project using a non-representative sample, the study results cannot be generalized, but they instead offer a rich understanding of embodied practice.
Originality/value: Because this study offers the subjective perspectives of three sets of stakeholders, including journalists, law enforcement, and defendants, it offers a unique and in-depth analysis of perp walks as media ritual.
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