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The purpose of this paper is to provide much needed data to staff working with archival digitization on cost and benefit of visual checks during quality control workflows, and to encourage those in the field of digitization to take a data-driven approach to planning and workflow development as they transition into large-scale digitization.

This is a case study of a cost benefit analysis at the Triangle Research Libraries Network. Data were tracked on time spent performing visual checks compared to scanning production and error type/discovery rates for the consortial grant “Content, context, and capacity: a collaborative large-scale digitization project on the long civil rights movement in North Carolina”.

Findings show that 85 percent of time was spent scanning and 15 percent was spent on quality control with visual checks of every scan. Only one error was discovered for every 223 scans reviewed (0.4 percent of scans). Of the six types of error identified, only half cause critical user experience issues. Of all errors detected, only 32 percent fell into the critical category. One critical error was found for every 700 scans (0.1 percent of scans). If all the time spent performing visual checks were instead spent on scanning, production would have increased by 18 percent. Folders with 100 or more scans comprised only 11.5 percent of all folders and 37 percent of folders in this group contained errors (for comparison, only 8 percent of folders with 50 or more scans contained errors). Additionally, 52 percent of all critical errors occurred in these folders. The errors in larger folders represented 30 percent of total errors, and performing visual checks on the large folders required 32 percent of all visual check time.

The data gathered during this research can be repurposed by others wishing to consider or conduct cost benefit analysis of visual check workflows for large-scale digitization.

To the authors' knowledge, this is the only available dataset on rate of error detection and error type compared to time spent on quality control visual checks in digitization.

Field sales managers are judged by the combined sales produced by their teams. During the course of any one year, individual appraisals will reveal that sales teams have some common training needs or weaknesses. These may range from company/competitor product knowledge, a selling technique such as closing or an aspect of their work organisation. When this occurs, there are two choices. You can plan and carry out a programme of training on an individual basis for each salesperson. This will take time and it may be felt that immediate action is needed to correct this common weakness. A more speedy and effective solution might be to bring the sales team together and conduct a group training meeting. In most companies employing large and small sales forces, local training meetings held on a regular basis are commonplace. It has been estimated that more than 10,000 internal sales meetings are held in the British Isles alone every week.

According to regulations, aircraft must be in an airworthy condition before they can be operated. To ensure airworthiness, they must be maintained by an approved component maintenance organisation. This study is aimed to identify potential errors that may arise during the final inspection and certification process of aircraft components, categorise them, determine their consequences and quantify the associated risks. Any removed aircraft components must be sent to an approved aircraft component maintenance organisation for further maintenance and issuance of European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Form 1. Thereafter, a final inspection and certification process must be conducted by certifying staff to receive an EASA Form 1. This process is crucial because any errors during this stage can result in the installation of unsafe components in an aircraft.

The Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) method was used to identify potential errors. This method involved a review of the procedures of three maintenance organisations, individual interviews with ten subject matter experts and a consensus group of 14 certifying staff from different maintenance organisations to achieve the desired results.

In this study, 39 potential errors were identified during the final inspection and certification process. Furthermore, analysis revealed that 48.7% of these issues were attributed to checking errors, making it the most common type of error observed.

This study pinpoints the potential errors in the final inspection and certification of aircraft components. It offers maintenance organisations a roadmap to assess procedures, implement preventive measures and reduce the likelihood of these errors.

FIVE years ago a score or so of Work Study enthusiasts met in Holland to consider the desirability of creating an organic link between their national bodies. The following year, slightly increased in numbers, they gathered in Germany to create what is now the European Work Study Federation. Since then, through an annual Congress in Stockholm, London and Zurich, it has established itself as an international body.

Quality measurements and techniques ‐ for example SPC ‐ can play an important role in achieving high levels of quality. However, in practice, the methods sometimes fail to deliver the expected benefits, for a variety of human and organizational reasons. Draws on three case studies to explore some of these practical problems. Concludes by making a number of suggestions for improving the effectiveness of quality measurements in organizations.

THE ability of an aircraft to take‐off and land vertically can be achieved by a number of design techniques. Those currently favoured vary from the use of a large rotor (as in the helicopter) through propeller‐driven tilting wings and large ducted fans to small jet lift engines. Three major design parameters which affect the final choice of technique arc take‐off and hovering efficiency, cruising flight efficiency (involving, as it may do in the case of helicopters, limitations on forward speed) and the velocity of the lifting jet which will influence noise level and ground erosion problems. The use of the tilting wing, rotor, and to a lesser degree ducted fans places a comparatively severe restriction on the performance of aircraft required for military operations at high speeds and high altitudes, and consequently the turbojet lifting engine appears to offer the best solution to the vertical take‐off and landing problem for this type of application.

The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of consumer innovativeness to the robotic restaurants field.

A research model including 13 hypotheses is examined using a sample of 409 subjects gathered.

The results indicate that four underlying dimensions of consumer innovativeness have a positive effect on overall image, which, in turn, increases desire. In addition, desire aids to enhance the two dimensions of behavior intentions.

Robotic restaurant managers are required to focus more on quality experience-seeking, hedonic experience-seeking, venturesomeness and social distinctiveness using automated systems, which aid to enhance the image of robotic restaurants.

Consumer innovativeness is regarded as a significant concept in the domain of a novel technology-based product and service, but it has not been explored in the restaurant context. Thus, this study tried to apply consumer innovativeness to the robotic restaurant industry for the first time and explained how to form consumer behavioral intentions based on the concept.

Formal quality review processes are a necessary part of any digital imaging workflow. This article illustrates a set of quality review processes implemented in the Indiana University Digital Library Program's Digital Media and Image Center.

A methodology for automatic batch review of large numbers of images is presented, along with rationale and procedures for supplemental visual review. The initial stages of an effort to further automate and centralize image quality control at Indiana University are described.

Automation of checks for objective image criteria, together with formal visual review of a sample of digitized images, is an effective means of implementing a quality review process.

The methodologies described can be used as a model for other institutions performing digital imaging projects of any size.