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Recently, the popularity of software has grown significantly in the market. Enhancement of software is needed to decrease the burden of getting high-quality and reliable software. To achieve this, the software is upgraded by adding new features to the previous version. Therefore, adding new features in the last version to be consistent with the earlier version is challenging. This paper aims to discuss the optimal software enhancement and customer growth model.

This paper discusses a model when new features are added to the software, and the customers' adoption of the software is presented as a customer growth model. An optimal control problem is introduced to maximize the profit obtained from the software system over the system's lifetime period. Total gain is calculated by the value generated from selling the software over the total expenditure during the software development process. The closed-form solution and some theoretical results are presented using the optimal control-theoretic approach. The theoretical results are supported by a numerical example.

This paper gives several substantive insights during sensitivity analysis and provides essential results. The results discussed here are compatible with the actual scenario and useful in software enhancement.

The authors have proposed a new feature growth and customer growth model to maximize the total profit using optimal control theory.

The use of software is overpowering our modern society. Advancement in technology is directly proportional to an increase in user demand which further leads to an increase in the burden on software firms to develop high-quality and reliable software. To meet the demands, software firms need to upgrade existing versions. The upgrade process of software may lead to additional faults in successive versions of the software. The faults that remain undetected in the previous version are passed on to the new release. As this process is complicated and time-consuming, it is important for firms to allocate resources optimally during the testing phase of software development life cycle (SDLC). Resource allocation task becomes more challenging when the testing is carried out in a dynamic nature.

The model presented in this paper explains the methodology to estimate the testing efforts in a dynamic environment with the assumption that debugging cost corresponding to each release follows learning curve phenomenon. We have used optimal control theoretic approach to find the optimal policies and genetic algorithm to estimate the testing effort. Further, numerical illustration has been given to validate the applicability of the proposed model using a real-life software failure data set.

The paper yields several substantive insights for software managers. The study shows that estimated testing efforts as well as the faults detected for both the releases are closer to the real data set.

We have proposed a dynamic resource allocation model for multirelease of software with the objective to minimize the total testing cost using the flexible software reliability growth model (SRGM).

The purpose of this paper is to design and development of a patient-specific implant for zygomatic area of a patient suffering from mucormycosis (fungal infection). The paper describes how integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing can be successfully used for developing custom implants for the sites for which readymade optimal solutions are not available.

The CT scan data of the patient were used for the generation of a 3D model. The healthy side of skull was mirrored and copied on the infected part, which served as a base for designing the implant. The prototype of the implant was printed using fused deposition modelling before finally printing in Ti6Al4V alloy using direct metal laser sintering process.

The custom designed implant fitted well to the patient’s skull during surgery. Proper facial aesthetics were maintained post-surgery.

The work describes the application of CAD-based image processing software and additive manufacturing in the development of a custom implant for the sites for which no readymade optimal solution is available.

This study aims to minimize pollution and enhance the mechanical properties of SiC- reinforced aluminum- based composite by utilizing waste eggshell. Pollution is increasing at an exponential rate across the globe. Every nation is struggling to have strong control over the rise in pollution. Many countries are even successful in this regard, but only up to a certain extent; also, a lot of capital investment is required just to make arrangements for making and taking care of dedicated dump yards. An alternative approach in this regard could be using the unwanted wastes in some constructive works by recycling them. Novel strategies and dedicated cells for the research and development regarding the recycling of various kinds of wastes are continuously being developed by various nations.

This study attempts to make a hybrid composite of AA6101 alloy through the friction stir process (FSP) technique in which waste eggshells and SiC have been used as reinforcement particles. As the densities of eggshells, SiC show different values of densities to make them a single entity, they were subjected to ball milling for around 75 h. After ball milling, the reinforcement particles (eggshells and SiC) were distributed uniformly in the metal matrix (Al), and they appear as a single entity in the metal matrix composite.

The main objective of this study is to obtain an enhanced value of tensile strength of the final composite. Concerning this, the parameters of FSP, i.e. rotational speed and transverse speed, have been optimized through the Box–Behnken design approach. The optimized values of FSP parameters came out to be as 935.92 rpm of rotational speed and 22.48 mm/min as transverse speed value.

The results showed that the tensile strength and hardness of the composite developed at an optimum combination of FSP parameters enhanced by about 47.14 and 45.45%, respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to study Al-based green composite. To make composite samples of aluminium alloy (AA3105) with different weight percentages of rice husk ash (RHA) and eggshell (ES) particles as reinforcement, stir casting method was used.

Several other aspects, including the weight percent of reinforcing agent particles, the applied stress and the sliding speed, were taken into consideration. During the course of the wear test, the sliding distance that was recorded varied from a minimum of 1,000 m all the way up to a maximum of 3,135 m (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min). The typical range for normal loads is 8–24 N, and their speed is 1.58 m/s.

With the AA/ES/RHA composite, the wear rates decreases when the grain size of the reinforcing particles enhanced. Scanning electron microscopy images of worn surfaces show that at low speeds, delaminating and ploughing are the main causes of wear. At high speeds, ploughing is major cause of wear. Composites with better wear-resistant properties can be used in wide range of tribological applications, especially in the automotive industry. It was found that hardness increases at the same time as the weight of the reinforcement increases. Tensile and hardness were maximized at 10% reinforcement mix in Al3105.

In this work, ES and RHA has been used to develop green metal matrix composite to support green revolution as promoted/suggested by United Nations thus reducing the environmental pollution.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how and when holacracy works for organizations.

The paper illustrates the idea by drawing insights from the case of Zappos and Gidley’s framework of future organizations.

The paper provides a balanced view on holacracy and how it can be beneficial for organizations. The potential of holarchical structures will be fruitful only if the structure-culture fit is achieved. The paper also highlights the lessons learned from previous implementations of holacracy and concludes with possible solutions for organizations.

The structure-culture fit is still a pertinent question especially when organizations are growing in size. Organizations need to address the intergenerational differences and core tenets of organizational culture while adopting flat structures to promote flexibility and individualization. New ideas and ways of organizing are therefore best treated as experiments guided by strategic vision and a defined direction.

The paper extends the existing knowledge on holacracy by applying Gidley’s framework and providing practical insights for practitioners in implementing holacracy.

The purpose of this paper is to understand customers’ preferences for housing attributes in India.

The study highlights the attributes important to the customer when purchasing residential property. The Kano model has been used to understand these preferences of consumers. The data are collected across Delhi and the National Capital Region and have been analyzed using the cross-tabulation approach.

Demographics of the consumers play an important role in deciding purchase of residential real estate. Because of their income level, Indian consumers prefer low-rise residential complexes.

The study helps to understand the diverse behavior of Indian consumers when they invest in the real estate sector, especially residential.

This paper aims to review the role of government initiatives for the development of wind power industries in India, to provide better and benevolent policies in the production of wind energy density and to maximize the use of the renewable source of energy which permits to reduce carbon emission from the coal-based power plant and to curtail tackle need of society and mitigate poverty.

The present study is carried out on the current position of wind power generation in India. Government policies for promoting clean energy and associated problems are also analysed herein detail. However, secondary approaches are opted in terms of alertness of caring for the environment hazardous and reduced the major economies aspects by fulfilling the schema of Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

The prospective of wind energy generation is huge, as an ancient source of energy, wind can be used both as a source of electricity and for agricultural, irrigation uses. The study of wind turbine blades and its features showed how it can be properly fabricated and used to extract the maximum power, even at variable and low wind speeds.

Although India has achieved a remarkable advancement in wind power sectors, it needs to eradicate all the loopholes to evolve as super power in wind energy sector leaving behind its rivalry China. To do this, it is required to develop in many fields such as skilled manpower, advancement in research and development, grid and turbine installation, proper distribution, smooth land acquisition, modern infrastructure, high investment and above all industry friendly government policy.

The present study finds out effects of wind power energy as a source of renewable energy to mitigate energy crisis.

As a source of renewable energy and cost effectiveness, wind power can be evolved as a potential means enhance social life.

The present paper caries out critical analysis for the active use of renewable energy in the present and forthcoming days. Such unique analysis must help India as a developing nation to balance its energy crisis.

This study aims to attempt to make an aluminum-based composite using reinforcement such as graphite and fly ash. Pollution is an enhanced serious issue of concern for global. Industries play a major role in disturbing the balance of the environment system. Composite is made by using the stir casting technique. The waste that is generated by the industries if left untreated or left to be rotten at some place may prove fatal to invite various types of diseases. Proper treatment of these wastes is the need of the hour, the best way to get rid of such kinds of hazardous wastes is to use them by recycling.

Stir casting technique was used to make a composite. Graphite and fly ash were mixed with equal amounts of 2.5% to 15% in aluminum. The microstructure of composite formed after composite was noticed. After seeing the microstructure it was understood that reinforcement particles are very well-mixed in aluminum.

When graphite was mixed with 3.75% and 3.75% fly ash in aluminum, the strength of the composite came to about 171.12 MPa. As a result, the strength of the composite increased by about 16.10% with respect to the base material. In the same way, when 3.75% graphite and 3.75% fly ash were added to aluminum, the hardness of the composite increased by about 26.60%.

In this work, graphite and fly ash have been used to develop green metal matrix composite to support the green revolution as promoted/suggested by United Nations, thus reducing the environmental pollution. The addition of graphite and fly ash to aluminum reduced toughness. The thermal expansion of the composite has also been observed to know whether the composite made is worth using in higher temperatures.

Aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) is most popular in various industrial applications such as aerospace, automobile, marine, sports and many others. In common practice, silicon carbide, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxide, graphene and carbon nano tubes are the major reinforcing elements to prepare the AMMC. The purpose of this paper is to develop AMMCs reinforce with eggshell (ES) and rice husk ash (RHA).

Stir casting process is used for preparation of AMMC. From past few years, more emphasis is given to prepare the AMMCs using agro waste such as rice husk and/or ES as reinforcing materials. In this method, after the Al-matrix material is melted; it is stirred vigorously to form vortex at the surface of the melt, and the reinforcement material is then introduced at the side of the vortex. Stir casting process is a vortex and vigorous method to prepare the AMMCs. First, aluminum alloy (AA3105) is melted in the furnace when metal is in semisolid form. Reinforcement, i.e. ES and RHA are preheated at temperature 220°C and 260°C, respectively.

The result of AMMC shows that the tensile strength and hardness increased by using 22.41% and 45.5%, respectively, at 4.75 Wt.% each reinforcement, i.e. ES and RHA, and 1% Cr. The toughness and ductility of metal matrix composite (MMCs) have decreased up to 23.31% and 19.23% respectively by using 1% Cr, 4.75 wt. % ES and by 4.75 wt. % RHA of composite material.

In this work, Cr, waste ES and RHA have been used to develop green MMC to support the green revolution as promoted/suggested by United Nations, thus reducing the environmental pollution.