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Book part
Publication date: 17 September 2014

Stacy Creel

This study investigated the design of three online public library catalogs in light of the cognitive ability and success of children ages five to eight.

Abstract

Purpose

This study investigated the design of three online public library catalogs in light of the cognitive ability and success of children ages five to eight.

Methodology/approach

A quasi-experimental approach was employed to examine the influence of system design on children’s searching strategies and search success. Interviews were used to explore children’s rationale for using icons and taxonomies in the catalogs. Fifty one children from one public library participated in this study. Inferential statistics were utilized to whether significant differences existed between use of the catalogs and the children’s success in finding information.

Results

Use of images and text were helpful in searching the catalogs. Results of the ANOVA test indicated no significant difference among children’s searching success rates and the three catalogs. Additionally, the participants misidentified representations used in icons in all three catalogs and created valid search paths that did not produce results. There was a disconnect between the children’s cognitive abilities and the design representations of the three catalogs.

Limitations

The study took place in one location, thus one should not overgeneralize the findings. Use of assigned tasks may have affected children’s success rates. Children’s searching using printed cards of display screens from the three catalogs instead of real-time interaction with them is also a limitation.

Practical implications

Because of the children’s reliance on images, the choice of visual representations is crucial to successful searching. Interface designers should involve young users in the design of today’s online catalogs. They should also consider new forms of representations such as auditory icons, verbal mouse overs, and zooms.

Originality/value

In addition to addressing the need for research on young children’s information seeking and use of online catalogs in public libraries, this research focuses on the need for an additional layer of visual representation and highlights flaws in currently used catalog designs.

Details

New Directions in Children’s and Adolescents’ Information Behavior Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-814-3

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 2 May 2006

Abstract

Details

Human Factors of Remotely Operated Vehicles
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-247-4

Book part
Publication date: 4 December 2009

Alfred Ogle

This paper reviews the literature on hotel guest questionnaires, also commonly known in the industry as comment cards. Considered a hotel tradition, the ubiquitous questionnaire…

Abstract

This paper reviews the literature on hotel guest questionnaires, also commonly known in the industry as comment cards. Considered a hotel tradition, the ubiquitous questionnaire remains the primary method employed by mainstream hotels to elicit and record guest feedback despite shortcomings in data reliability and response rates. Hence questionnaires play a key facilitation role in the collection of guest feedback (guest–hotel dyad in hotel communication). The paper traces the history of questionnaire utilization in the hotel industry, and examines evolutionary changes in terms of form and function. A typology of questionnaire genre is constructed. Used either independently or in combination with other methods, the traditional paper guest questionnaire has been complemented or even superseded by e-based variants. Obsolescence threatens the paper questionnaire as technology uptake permeates the hotel industry. This paper considers a “service innovation” by using the questionnaire as a communication tool along the hotel–guest dyad. A back-to-basics approach potentially yields a valuable and cost-efficient guest service encounter opportunity whilst mitigating questionnaire data deficiencies.

Details

Perspectives on Cross-Cultural, Ethnographic, Brand Image, Storytelling, Unconscious Needs, and Hospitality Guest Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-604-5

Book part
Publication date: 24 March 2022

Lateef Omotosho Adegboyega

This study investigated the influence of social media on marital stability of married adults in Ilorin metropolis. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Influence

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of social media on marital stability of married adults in Ilorin metropolis. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Influence of Social Media on Marital Stability Questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information for this study. The instrument was validated and the test re-test method was employed to determine the reliability and it yielded a coefficient of 0.81. Multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 200 respondents for the study. One research question was raised while four null hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Percentage and weighted means were used to analyze the descriptive analysis while t-test and Analysis of Variance were used to test the postulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that social media influenced marital stability of married adults by causing marital distraction, negligence of marital roles and responsibilities, creating conflict among spouses, encouraging marital infidelity among others. There was no significant difference in the influence of social media on marital stability of married adults in Ilorin metropolis based on gender while there were significant differences in the influence of social media on marital stability of married adults in Ilorin metropolis based on length of years in marriage, age and highest educational attainment. It was therefore recommended that married people should reduce their exposure to social media but rather be more committed to their marital relationship.

Details

Families in Nigeria: Understanding Their Diversity, Adaptability, and Strengths
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-543-1

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 2 November 2009

H. J. P. Timmermans and E. Hato

In this chapter, we address the question if and how modern technology can be used to design questionnaires, diaries, web sites, and experiments to improve the validity of…

Abstract

In this chapter, we address the question if and how modern technology can be used to design questionnaires, diaries, web sites, and experiments to improve the validity of reliability of active data collection instruments. In particular, it discusses the history of computer-assisted activity diary data, reenactment sessions, stated preference methods, and interactive computer experiments with a special focus on the design of these instruments in terms of respondent support and user interfaces. Empirical evidence and experience suggests that although fascinating instruments may increase respondent motivation and involvement and therefore improve the reliability of the measurements, there is also the danger that respondents' answers are influenced by features of the electronic instrument that are not essential, reducing validity and reliability.

Details

Transport Survey Methods
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84-855844-1

Book part
Publication date: 10 June 2009

Siew H. Chan, Steve G. Sutton and Lee J. Yao

While the use of computerized decision aids in accounting is widespread, little is known about the effects of decision aids on accounting decision making. However, prior research…

Abstract

While the use of computerized decision aids in accounting is widespread, little is known about the effects of decision aids on accounting decision making. However, prior research has often noted the difficulty in getting users to accept and rely upon decision aids (Rose, 2002). A primary area of focus in the design of decision aids that will facilitate user acceptance and reliance has been the development of user-centered interfaces that increase the user's comfort with the aid. This study contributes to this body of research by extending the findings of Ryan, Mims, and Koestner (1983) on the use of informational versus controlling rewards to the context of a decision aid and the interface design. While Ryan et al. focused on the effects of verbal feedback on intrinsic motivation, this study focuses on the impact of text-based feedback from a decision aid on decision performance for a choice task. Additionally, this study examines the effect of task-contingent versus performance-contingent rewards on the impact of the decision aid feedback. The results indicate a differential effect from that of Ryan et al. (1983) when feedback is provided through a decision aid and the focus is on decision performance rather than the precursor condition of intrinsic motivation. Additional research is needed to help explain why the findings obtained by Ryan et al. do not hold in the context of computerized decision aid use when decision performance is measured directly. There are important implications of these findings both in terms of theory development and decision aid design in professional decision-making environments such as accounting.

Details

Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-739-0

Book part
Publication date: 20 September 2018

Robert Sottilare and Eduardo Salas

This chapter examines some of the challenges and emerging strategies for authoring, distributing, managing, and evaluating Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) to support…

Abstract

This chapter examines some of the challenges and emerging strategies for authoring, distributing, managing, and evaluating Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) to support computer-based adaptive instruction for teams of learners. Several concepts related to team tutoring are defined along with team processes, and fundamental tutoring concepts are provided including a description of the learning effect model (LEM), an exemplar describing interaction between learners and ITSs with the goal of realizing optimal tutor decisions. The challenges noted herein are closely related to the LEM and range from acquisition of learner data, synthesis of individual learner and team state models based on available data, and tutor decisions which center on optimizing strategies (recommendations) and tactics (actions) given the state of the learner, the team, and the conditions under which they are being instructed, the environment. Finally, we end this chapter with recommendations on how to use this book to understand and design effective ITSs for teams.

Details

Building Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Teams
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78754-474-1

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 2 May 2006

Ming Hou and Robert D. Kobierski

As a standard procedure of human factors engineering, the design of complex systems (e.g., operator interfaces) starts with analyses of system objectives, missions, functions, and…

Abstract

As a standard procedure of human factors engineering, the design of complex systems (e.g., operator interfaces) starts with analyses of system objectives, missions, functions, and tasks. Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) provides a theoretical framework for guiding this process. PCT is founded on notions from control theory, in which closed-loop, negative-gain, feedback systems can be used to build powerful models of goal-directed behavior and for implementing complex systems (Powers, 1973). One of the strengths of PCT over competing human behavior theories is that it explains how humans can control systems that are subject to a wide variety of external influences. UAV control is through the operators’ interaction with the interfaces in remote control stations. A closed-loop feedback system is crucial for both operators and control systems to understand the states and goals of each other. It is likely that advanced UAV control systems will require operators to interact with automated systems such as IAIs. IAIs are sophisticated and will require knowledge about mission goals, the operators’ goals, and states, as well as the UAV and environmental states. Thus, the methods of analysis used in this research were based on PCT given its engineering origins in control theory and advantages accommodating various external disturbances.

Details

Human Factors of Remotely Operated Vehicles
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-247-4

Book part
Publication date: 30 November 2017

Dennis Jancsary, Renate E. Meyer, Markus A. Höllerer and Eva Boxenbaum

In this article, we develop and advance an understanding of institutions as multimodal accomplishments. We draw on social semiotics and the linguistic concept of metafunctions to…

Abstract

In this article, we develop and advance an understanding of institutions as multimodal accomplishments. We draw on social semiotics and the linguistic concept of metafunctions to establish the visual as a specific mode of meaning construction. In addition, we make semiotic modes conducive to institutional inquiry by introducing the notion of distinct “modal registers” – specialized configurations of linguistic signs within a particular mode that are adapted and applied in the reproduction of institutions or institutional domains. At the core of our article, we operationalize metafunctions to develop methodology for the analysis of visual registers. We illustrate our approach with data from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting in Austria.

Book part
Publication date: 28 May 2019

Waldemar Kremser, Brian T. Pentland and Sabine Brunswicker

In this chapter, the authors examine interdependence within and between routines by focusing on an aspect of routines that has often been taken for granted: boundaries. Logically…

Abstract

In this chapter, the authors examine interdependence within and between routines by focusing on an aspect of routines that has often been taken for granted: boundaries. Logically, boundaries are needed to individuate and separate the entities that are being related or compared. Using observations of passenger service on a trans-Atlantic flight, the authors demonstrate that boundaries of routines are fluid and multiple. By understanding boundaries, the authors are able to better understand interdependence between actions within one routine and between multiple routines. The authors discuss how understanding boundaries complements existing theoretical perspectives on routine dynamics.

Details

Routine Dynamics in Action: Replication and Transformation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78756-585-2

Keywords

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