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1 – 10 of over 89000C.S. Agnes Cheng, Su‐Jane Hsieh and Yewmun Yip
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the choice of accounting treatment of transition obligation under SFAS 106 affects the value of firms, and also whether the quality…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the choice of accounting treatment of transition obligation under SFAS 106 affects the value of firms, and also whether the quality of earnings is improved after the implementation of SFAS 106.
Design/methodology/approach
Different regression models were employed on a sample of 50 immediate recognition firms and 50 matched prospective recognition firms. Chow test is also used to investigate the quality of earnings before and after the implementation of SFAS 106.
Findings
In spite of the significant difference in impact on earnings from the choice of treatment of transition obligation, the accounting choice has no significant impact on the total value relevance of earnings and book value. When immediate recognition method is applied, investors ignore the one‐time charge of transition obligation, and rely more on book value in the valuation of a firm. However, when prospective recognition method is applied, both earnings and book value are value‐relevant in the adoption year and also in the subsequent year. In addition, the paper finds that the implementation of SFAS 106 improves the value relevance of earnings.
Research limitations/implications
Results are limited by the accuracy of the models used to measure value relevance of earnings and book value of equity.
Practical implications
Results may have implications for managers' choice of accounting treatment, and the evidence seems to support accrual basis over cash basis on earnings measurement.
Originality/value
The paper uses the value relevance approach to analyze the impact of SFAS 106 on the quality of earnings and book value of equity.
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This paper examines the impact that fair-value recognition of non-financial assets has on the judgments of commercial lenders.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines the impact that fair-value recognition of non-financial assets has on the judgments of commercial lenders.
Design/methodology/approach
Commercial lenders, who were attending a national banking conference, participated in a controlled experiment.
Findings
The experimental results show that commercial lenders incorporate fair values into their judgments but only when this information is recognized (vs disclosed) on the financial statements. Additionally, lenders assigned the highest loan interest rates when recognized fair values increased net income, and they assign the lowest loan amounts when recognized fair values decreased net income.
Research limitations/implications
Typical limitations regarding behavioral experiments are acknowledged in the paper. For example, the commercial lenders in this study could not request additional information. In addition, because of the difficulty in obtaining these participants, the sample size is relatively small.
Practical implications
US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) does not allow the fair-market valuation for most non-current assets while International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) require such valuations. The article adds to our understanding about how a significant user group of financial statements, commercial lenders, view GAAP and IFRS accounting.
Social implications
This article provides insights regarding how commercial lenders' decisions may change based on accounting principles related to asset valuation. Obtaining credit through loans has significant implications for society.
Originality/value
This article is unique because it examines commercial lenders' judgments using different asset valuations on the financial statements.
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Yelda Turkan, Frédéric Bosché, Carl T. Haas and Ralph Haas
Previous research has shown that “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition systems, which fuse three dimensional (3D) point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or digital…
Abstract
Purpose
Previous research has shown that “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition systems, which fuse three dimensional (3D) point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or digital photogrammetry with 4D project building information models (BIM), provide valuable information for tracking construction works. However, until now, the potential of these systems has been demonstrated for tracking progress of permanent structural works only; no work has been reported yet on tracking secondary or temporary structures. For structural concrete work, temporary structures include formwork, scaffolding and shoring, while secondary components include rebar. Together, they constitute most of the earned value in concrete work. The impact of tracking secondary and temporary objects would thus be added veracity and detail to earned value calculations, and subsequently better project control and performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
Two techniques for recognizing concrete construction secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds are implemented and tested using real-life data collected from a reinforced concrete building construction site. Both techniques represent significant innovative extensions of existing “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition frameworks.
Findings
The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognise secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds with good accuracy using the two novel techniques; but it is envisaged that superior results could be achieved by using additional cues such as colour and 3D edge information.
Originality/value
This article makes valuable contributions to the problem of detecting and tracking secondary and temporary objects in 3D point clouds. The power of Scan-vs-BIM object recognition approaches to address this problem is demonstrated, but their limitations are also highlighted.
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Paul G. Patterson, Janet R. McColl-Kennedy, Jenny (Jiyeon) Lee and Michael K. Brady
The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the personal/situational and business factors that encourage or discourage pro bono service of professionals based on the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the personal/situational and business factors that encourage or discourage pro bono service of professionals based on the theory of institutional logics framework and the extended purchase behavior model.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper collected the data using a mixed-method approach: 30 qualitative interviews and 443 cross-sectional surveys from professional service providers across industries. The constructs of interest were measured with the scales compiled from the literature, industry reports and the preliminary interviews.
Findings
The results highlight emotional value derived from personal/situational factors (intrinsic motivation, personal recognition, philanthropic disposition and lack of appreciation) drove professionals’ intentions to continue to undertake pro bono work. While employer encouragement motivated professionals to engage in pro bono service, the prospect of gaining business opportunities and time constraints discouraged this important practice.
Research limitations/implications
While there has been considerable empirical study undertaken on charitable behavior, little attention has been given to this form of giving (pro bono work by service professionals). Overall, the results show that personal satisfaction with and feeling good about the study undertaken are required for continuation. Professionals who are intrinsically motivated, philanthropic-natured and properly-acknowledged through positive feedback and recognition tend to experience positive feelings that engender their good intentions to help the underprivileged, those in need and society more generally. The findings thus complement and extend the academic and industry literature on charitable giving.
Practical implications
This research identifies the drivers of service professionals’ continuation of pro bono work that the third sector relies heavily on its sustainability. As the study findings suggesting the importance of personal recognition, nonprofit organizations should demonstrate genuine gratitude and recognition of these professionals so that they continue to give their services pro bono.
Originality/value
The research is the first empirical study to develop a conceptual model that delineates the drivers and/or barriers to professionals continuing pro bono service. Unlike the previous study lacking a theoretical basis, this paper proposed and tested the conceptual model derived from the institutional logics framework and the extended purchase behavior model.
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Toni Luomaranta and Miia Martinsuo
Adopting additive manufacturing (AM) on a large-scale requires an adoption in company value chains. This may happen through product innovation and require interorganizational…
Abstract
Purpose
Adopting additive manufacturing (AM) on a large-scale requires an adoption in company value chains. This may happen through product innovation and require interorganizational cooperation, but the value-adding potential of cooperation and application recognition is still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the progress of AM adoption in innovation projects featuring AM application recognition and interorganizational cooperation in the value chain.
Design/methodology/approach
A multiple-case study was implemented in successful metallic AM adoption examples to increase the understanding of AM adoption in value chains. Primary data were collected through interviews and documents in three AM projects, and the data were analyzed qualitatively.
Findings
All three AM projects showed evidence of successful AM value chain adoption. Identifying the right application and the added value of AM within it were crucial starting points for finding new value chains. Interorganizational collaboration facilitated both value-based designs and experimentation with new supply chains. Thereby, the focal manufacturing company did not need to invest in AM machines. The key activities of the new value chain actors are mapped in the process of AM adoption.
Research limitations/implications
The cases are set in a business-to-business context, which narrows the transferability of the results. As a theoretical contribution, this paper introduces the concept of AM value chain adoption. The value-adding potential of AM is identified, and the required value-adding activities in collaborative innovation are reported. As a practical implication, the study reveals how companies can learn of AM and adopt AM value chains without investing in AM machines. They can instead leverage relationships with other companies that have the AM knowledge and infrastructure.
Originality/value
This paper introduces AM value chain adoption as a novel, highly interactive phase in the industry-wide adoption of metallic AM. AM value chain adoption is characterized in multi-company collaboration settings, which complements the single-company view dominant in previous research. Theory elaboration is offered through merging technology adoption with external integration from the information processing view, emphasizing the necessity of interorganizational cooperation in AM value chain adoption. Companies can benefit each other during AM adoption, starting with identifying the value-creating opportunities and applications for AM.
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Emmanuel Twumasi Ampofo, Osman M. Karatepe, Ishmael Mensah and Maxwell Tabi Wilberforce
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a research model that explores the interrelationships of employee recognition, job embeddedness (JE), knowledge sharing, service…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a research model that explores the interrelationships of employee recognition, job embeddedness (JE), knowledge sharing, service orientation and abusive supervision. Specifically, the model proposes that JE mediates the impact of recognition on knowledge sharing and service orientation, while abusive supervision moderates the indirect influence of recognition on knowledge sharing and service orientation via JE. The model also proposes that JE and knowledge sharing mediate the link between recognition and service orientation in a sequential manner.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from restaurant frontline employees in three waves in Ghana. The hypothesized links were gauged via structural equation modeling using Mplus 7.4.
Findings
The vast majority of the hypothesized relationships were supported by the empirical data. Specifically, JE mediated the impact of recognition on knowledge sharing and service orientation. JE and knowledge sharing sequentially mediated the impact of recognition on service orientation. Abusive supervision moderated the positive effect of recognition on JE and JE on knowledge sharing such that the effects were stronger among frontline employees with low levels of abusive supervision. In addition, abusive supervision moderated the indirect effect of recognition on knowledge sharing through JE. On the contrary, abusive supervision did not significantly moderate the linkage between JE and service orientation. This is also true for abusive supervision as a moderator of the indirect influence of recognition on service orientation via JE.
Practical implications
Management should not only focus on financial rewards but also consider non-financial rewards such as employee recognition. This is what is overlooked among practitioners. Therefore, restaurant managers/supervisors should use recognition mechanisms such as certificate of appreciation, plaque of honor and/or oral praises wherever possible to trigger employees’ JE, knowledge sharing and service orientation. Restaurateurs should also arrange training programs for supervisors to make them avoid practicing abusive supervision that would erode JE and knowledge sharing.
Originality/value
Evidence about the organizationally valued consequences of employee recognition in the hospitality literature is sparse. With this realization, this paper advances the current knowledge by gauging JE as a mediator between recognition and knowledge sharing and service orientation. Unlike other empirical pieces, JE and knowledge sharing as the sequential mediators of the effect of recognition on service orientation are tested. This paper advances the current knowledge base by assessing abusive supervision as a moderator concerning the previously mentioned linkages. This paper also contributes to the literature by gauging abusive supervision as a moderator of the indirect impact of recognition on knowledge sharing and service orientation via JE.
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The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion on the non-essence of accounting by focusing on financial accounting’s distinct technology: financial statements…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion on the non-essence of accounting by focusing on financial accounting’s distinct technology: financial statements. Complementing the genealogical perspective on accounting’s changing socio-historical settings, it proposes a semiotic perspective on the accounting statement.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper takes an interdisciplinary approach in the theoretical framing of IFRS recognition and measurement principles that underlie the statement of financial position. It mobilises Saussure and Barthes’ sign theory – semiology, as it provides a meaningful delineation of financial accounting, bringing out its distinct numerical-linguistic knowledge-construction operation.
Findings
In addition to the justification of employing semiology as a parent discipline for accounting, it is shown how IASB’s recognition and measurement procedures manifest the interrelated non-essentialist semiological principles of reciprocal articulation and value constellation. Accounting entries (“expression”) are not representations of pre-existing economic resources (“content”), but rather both are mutually constituted by delimiting the resource/asset from its broader category. Such judgment-based articulation results with value constellations, where asset value is merely a relational product of other values.
Originality/value
To the long-established critique that accounting has no essence, the paper adds a formulation of a non-essentialist semiotic logic: the financial statement’s semio-logic. It further sheds light on the role of such logic as an epistemological presupposition to the accounting – society reciprocity, where accounting is a malleable product of, and is used to exert power over, its social surroundings.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine, in the context of movement towards a fair‐value based pension accounting standard, the value relevance of both recognized and disclosed…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine, in the context of movement towards a fair‐value based pension accounting standard, the value relevance of both recognized and disclosed pension accounting information.
Design/methodology/approach
Using hand‐collected data from Fortune 200 firms, this study includes both recognized and disclosed pension accounting measures (aggregated and disaggregated) in multivariate regression models. The investigation employs tests of relative and incremental value relevance in both equity and credit rating evaluation contexts.
Findings
Findings indicate that pension information recognized under a fair‐value‐based accounting model is no more or less value relevant than pension information recognized under the SFAS 87 model. Also, the disclosed off‐balance sheet pension amount is incrementally value relevant for determining share prices. However, it is not value relevant for the credit rating decision.
Research limitations/implications
This study tests the relevance and reliability of accounting information jointly. Theoretically, however, relevance and reliability affect information usefulness and, thus, valuation decisions independently.
Originality/value
This paper yields a number of significant implications for standard setters. The unique evidence that investors apply off‐balance sheet pension amounts in the equity valuation context implies that required recognition under a fair‐value standard may not provide a significant incremental benefit over DB plan disclosures. However, such a standard may yield potential improvements in the credit rating decision context and may be much more likely to impact credit rating decisions going forward. Considering the continued shift towards fair‐value‐based pension accounting standards internationally, recognizing transitory elements of fair‐value pension cost separately from operating income is essential for mitigating any potential loss in value relevance.
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Bradley J. Olson, Satyanarayana Parayitam, Matteo Cristofaro, Yongjian Bao and Wenlong Yuan
This paper elucidates the role of anger in error management (EM) and organizational learning behaviors. The study explores how anger can catalyze learning, emphasizing its…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper elucidates the role of anger in error management (EM) and organizational learning behaviors. The study explores how anger can catalyze learning, emphasizing its strategic implications.
Design/methodology/approach
A double-layered moderated-mediated model was developed and tested using data from 744 Chinese CEOs. The psychometric properties of the survey instrument were rigorously examined through structural equation modeling, and hypotheses were tested using Hayes's PROCESS macros.
Findings
The findings reveal that anger is a precursor for recognizing the value of significant errors, leading to a positive association with learning behavior among top management team members. Additionally, the study uncovers a triple interaction effect of anger, EM culture and supply chain disruptions on the value of learning from errors. Extensive experience and positive grieving strengthen the relationship between recognizing value from errors and learning behavior.
Originality/value
This study uniquely integrates affect-cognitive theory and organizational learning theory, examining anger in EM and learning. The authors provide empirical evidence that anger can drive error value recognition and learning. The authors incorporate a more fine-grained approach to leadership when including executive anger as a trigger to learning behavior. Factors like experience and positive grieving are explored, deepening the understanding of emotions in learning. The authors consider both negative and positive emotions to contribute to the complexity of organizational learning.
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Neoclassic economics is a thing of considerable beauty. It yet finds an increasing tendency on the part of those trained in its discipline to rebel from its neatly fitted…
Abstract
Neoclassic economics is a thing of considerable beauty. It yet finds an increasing tendency on the part of those trained in its discipline to rebel from its neatly fitted abstractions and intriguing diagrams. The rebellion stems from two sources. Veblen's sweeping attacks upon its postulates16 shock its theoretical foundations. The rapid changes in the industrial and business world discredited it on another front by bringing into increasingly sharp relief the divergence between the institutional assumptions of the orthodox theory and the conditions actually obtaining. The giant corporation, overhead costs, and the necessity for maintenance of volume, industrial concentration, the trade association, a widening spread among income classes, advertising, the growing inability of the consumer to gauge quality, the resort to reorganization instead of the “going out of business” of the long-run analyses – what place could the orthodox theory give to these important characteristics of the existing business economy?