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Analyses the effect of valuation error on the implied precision of investment performance measurement of property assets. A prerequisite for measuring the absolute or relative performance of commercial property investments is that valuations provide a reliable proxy for prices. However, there are conceptual and empirical grounds to suggest that uncertainty is inherent in the valuation process. This is primarily due to the structure of the commercial property market and the techniques and guidelines of the property valuation process. Sampling theory is used to measure portfolio valuation error confidence bands for hypothetical property investment portfolios based on different assumptions concerning assumed levels of valuation error, size of portfolio and number of measurement time periods. It is concluded that, for the majority of investment portfolios, property investment performance measures will include some uncertainty and thus the property fund manager should be sceptical of the implied precision in reported measures of return.

The rising concern for the accuracy of residential valuations in Nigeria has created the need for key stakeholders in the residential property markets in the study areas to know the level of accuracy of valuations in order to make rational residential property transactions, amongst other purposes.

A blend of descriptive and causal designs was adopted for the study. Data were collected via structured questionnaire administered to 179 estate surveying and valuation (ESV) firms in the study areas using census sampling technique. Analytical techniques such as median percentage error (PE), mean and relative importance index (RII) analysis were employed in the analysis of data collected for the study.

The study found that valuation accuracy is greater in the residential property market in Abuja than in Minna, with inappropriate valuation methodology as the most significant cause of valuation inaccuracy.

The practical implication of this study is that a reliable databank should be established for the property market to provide credible transaction data for valuers to conduct accurate valuations in these cities. Strict enforcement of national and international valuation standards by the regulatory authorities as well as retraining of valuers on appropriate application of valuation approaches and methods are the recommended corrective measures.

No study has comparatively examined the accuracy of valuations in two extremely different residential property markets in the country using actual valuation and transaction prices.

Valuation, whether for market purposes or for estimates of individual worth, are rarely proved inaccurate. However, this may be due to difficulties in proving error rather than reliability of valuation methods. If this is true, rationality is a more important test of a valuation method. Nonetheless, the potential for error can be simply illustrated by comparing valuers' assessments of value of straightforward and complex office investments. The complexity of the second example illustrated in this paper derives from the impact of depreciation, and the recommended approach is presented as a general solution to problems of valuing the increasingly common depreciating property investment.

This study sought to highlight the conceptual and empirical grounds precluding accuracy in property valuation thereby exposing the limitations of valuation as proxy for actual transaction price and as basis for performance measurement for property investment. As a way of gauging the current level of awareness on the subject of valuation accuracy among Nigerian valuers (estate surveyors/appraisers) and to ascertain their response to the worldwide phenomenon, the study also included an empirical investigation of the perception of principal stakeholders in Lagos, Nigeria.

For primary data, the study employed questionnaire survey based on cluster sampling technique; while secondary data were sourced from existing literature and results of previous empirical studies.

“True market value” is unattainable; while valuation rarely identifies its target – the transaction price as surrogate of the “true market value”. In Nigeria, considerable gap exists between expectations and realities in valuation accuracy.

While efforts devoted to improving the accuracy of property valuation are laudable, the study revealed the extent to which such improvement is feasible.

The study suggested measures that would help Nigerian valuers hone their skills for improved level of accuracy; while funds managers and other valuation end-users are cautioned against blind use of valuations as performance yardstick for property investments.

The price earnings (P/E) ratio is generally regarded as the most popular multiple used to value equity in practice. Although this is supported by evidence from practice, the use of the P/E ratio has not been substantiated by evidence from research. This article investigates the accuracy of the five most popular multiples, including the P/E ratio, in valuing the equity of South African companies listed on the JSE Securities Exchange, for the period 1988 to 2007. The research results revealed that the P/E ratio does not perform the most accurate valuations across all sectors and that different multiples should be used for different sectors. There is an opportunity to enhance the accuracy of equity valuations based on multiples by employing multiples other than the P/E ratio.

Provides a review of basic appraisal and statistical principles combined with a simple numerical simulation. Suggests two main directions in which the appraisal profession should move. First, because public stock exchanges tend to be more informationally efficient than private property markets, appraisal accuracy can be improved by making increased quantitative use of the information in the share prices of publicly‐traded property companies. Second, it must be recognized that the valuation techniques which are optimal for individual property appraisal are suboptimal for the mass appraisal of aggregate portfolios or indexes of property market values. Suggests that regression‐based techniques based purely on transaction prices may be superior for this latter function.

The paper aims to quantitatively investigate vacant industrial land valuation accuracy in China, given the importance of the industrial market as an underlying pillar to promote urban growth especially in emerging economies.

In China, the government formulates a Land Benchmark Price (LBP) to serve as a price reference point to sell land rights. To gain an in-depth understanding of the valuation practice by LBP, this paper uses correlation analysis to investigate the varying dynamics between the transaction-based prices and LBP appraisal-based estimates. Furthermore, a margin of error examination investigates the distortion in LBP land appraisals, with an amended LBP presented to improve the accuracy of the current LBP method.

Different influencing factors are identified to impact the actual market transaction prices and the LBP construction, leading to a large discrepancy in industrial land appraisals. A systematic problem is recognised that the construction of the LBP follows urban bid curve theory, whereas the land transaction prices do not, demonstrating that an urgent LBP update is needed to capture the market dynamics for industrial market.

The paper sets out discrepancies in valuation accuracy surrounding the application of the LBP valuation approach in China. This has practical implications for valuers in terms of raising their awareness of the deficiencies in the approach and the pitfalls they need to guard against in their appraisals. It also has implications for developers and investors who rely on valuer appraisals to assess the viability of land purchases; hence, they need to express caution in the appraisal advice sought. Finally, the results demonstrate to the standard setters how they need to modify the LBP equations to better capture market dynamics.

The paper examines valuation accuracy in transitional economies, through valuation differentials between appraised price and the transacted price. The value of the work lies in the analysis of the fundamental differentials between market price and appraised value, which is of importance to investors/developers, practicing valuers, as well as government officials responsible for setting the valuation standards.

From the perspective of plant and machinery valuation, this paper aims to assess the factors that constrain accuracy in plant and machinery valuation in the Nigerian context.

This paper is based on the technical, economic and market infrastructure affecting machinery and equipment valuation in Nigeria and surveyed 150 practicing firms in Lagos to elicit from them what they believe are the major constraints to valuation accuracy.

The findings reveal that, due to lack of specialization in machinery and equipment valuation, very few valuers have sufficient knowledge content to engage in the exercise. Four significant factors are established to be contributing most to valuation inaccuracy.

This study is the first on inaccuracy in machinery and equipment valuation, and consequently highlights the need to equip Nigerian valuers to face the challenges of the expertise required in this specialized area of valuation.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of underwriter reputation on the valuation of Malaysian initial public offerings (IPOs).

This study employed cross-sectional multiple regression models to analyse the relationship between underwriter reputation and IPO valuation that included 466 IPOs listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2000 to 2017.

The results revealed that underwriter reputation had a significant negative association with IPO valuation. Firms that engaged the services of reputable underwriters had their IPO offer prices set lower than the intrinsic values during the listing. After incorporating firms' size, this study found a positive relationship between underwriter reputation and IPO valuation. Big firms (high quality) hired reputable underwriters for certification purposes as issuers were aware that the cost of hiring a reputable underwriter would be justified by increased transparency after listing. Therefore, firms that engaged reputable underwriters had approximately fair values since issuers assumed that the price would be close to the intrinsic value following enhanced transparency post-listing.

Future studies should focus on other non-financial factors, such as auditor reputation.

The present study provides new insights into the certification role of underwriters in valuing IPOs in the Malaysian market.

The success of a neural network depends on, among others, an architecture that is appropriate for the task at hand. This study attempts to identify an optimal architecture of a neural network in the context of property valuation, and aims to test the ability of connecting related neural networks to reduce the property valuation error.

This study explores efficient network architectures to estimate land and house prices in Seoul, South Korea. The input is structured data, and the embedding technique is used to process high-cardinality categorical variables.

The shared architecture of a network for simultaneous estimation of both land and houses was revealed to be the best performing network. Through weight sharing between relevant layers in networks, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) for land price estimation was reduced significantly, from 0.55–0.68 using the baseline architecture, to 0.44–0.47 using the shared architecture.

The study results are expected to encourage active investigation of efficient architectures by using domain knowledge, and to promote interest in using structured data, which is still the dominant type in most industries.