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With a growing list of available materials and processes, the inherent mechanical and thermophysical properties of three-dimensional (3D) prints are important design targets. This paper aims to study the functionality of binder jet 3D printed objects for thermally activated building construction elements and recyclable formwork for concrete structures.

Binder jet printed sand samples with various material and post-processing parameters (infiltration and baking) are prepared and studied. Using a statistical experiment design, the mechanical (flexural and compressive strength) and thermal (conductivity and specific capacity) characteristics are quantified.

Relative to the unprocessed “green” print samples, post-processing improved the flexural and compressive strength of the samples by factors of 6.9 and 21.6, respectively; the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity were improved by factors of 7.7 and 1.2, respectively. For the investigated temperature range (20°C–200°C), the “green” prints showed excellent stability while the stability of post-processed samples depended on the infiltrate used. Microscopic images of the microstructures offered evidence to support improvement in the mechanical and thermo-physical characteristics of the 3D printed sand elements.

The literature review concluded that optimal printing parameters and infiltration under vacuum could further improve the mechanical and thermo-physical properties of the binder jet printed elements. However, both these factors were not explored in this research. The statistical experimental design approach provided more flexibility to choose the number of experiments for a fixed amount of time and resources. However, for future work, a more extensive number of experiments and reproducibility testing for each combination of binder-infiltrate is recommended.

3D printing has been identified as a promising opportunity to reduce material usage and improve construction efficiency in the field of architecture and building engineering. The emerging fabrication technologies are further expected to significantly reduce the operational energy of buildings through performance integration, i.e. multi-functional building elements with integrated heat- and mass-transfer capabilities to replace conventional systems.

This study has quantified the impact of infiltration on the mechanical and thermo-physical characteristics of sand-printed elements and, as such, reports reproducible functional performance maps for sand-print applications. The research demonstrates a way to achieve the desired functional characteristics of 3D prints through combinations of material selection and process/post-processing parameters.

The wear of a machine element, whether it is due to fatigue or abrasive wear, will add contaminants in the form of particulates to the system. If a machine element is starting to wear out it will produce a large amount of particles and it will finally break down. Since this can be very costly, one can establish the need to monitor the system so that one can foresee failure. There are many different ways to monitor a system, e.g. measurements of the temperature, pressure, vibrations and the degree of contamination. The purpose of contamination control is to extend the life of a component and thereby save money. When monitoring a system it is very important that the monitoring control instrument should give the right output. One important factor in achieving this is the withdrawal of a representative oil sample. In this paper an investigation of where and how to take a representative sample is performed using Stokes’ law and the migration of spheres in a channel. A generalised sedimentation chart for different oils and particles is introduced. Sampling routines for proper sample withdrawal are also presented.

The purpose of this study is the analysis of innovation in technology‐intensive industry strategy, by applying scenario analysis (SA) to master the development of the market information and competitive environment. This study will utilize the technical development of the Sony video tape recorder (VTR) as a case study, and then provide more adequate decision information on the technical development strategy (TDS) planning process.

Scenario analysis (SA) strategy assessment model will construct a future technical development model based on current data. The forecasting model of the cycle period is applied to future market technical innovation. Therefore, applying SA in this study can effectively connect historical information to the analysis of technology development.

This study used the Sony VTR TDS as a case study that provides a strategy assessment model in a technology‐intensive industry for technical development strategy planning as the basis of decision‐making to aid technical forecasting. Result found that the R&D department is the core lifeline for the development of a company, and TDS is affected by the orientation of customer demand with impact on the development of TLC to form the cycle period of uncertainty.

This model applied the properties of TDS assessment to grasp the development trend in the market, and it can enable the R&D department to integrate technical push and market demands pull. In turn, this results in a gain in the competitive edge for technical innovation through a combination of strategies and regulations.

The purpose of this study is the analysis of innovation in technology‐intensive industries via the application of scenario analysis (SA) to master the development of market information and competitive environment. This study will employ the technical development of SONY video tape recorder (VTR) as a case study, and then provide more adequate decision information on the technology development strategy (TDS) planning process.

Scenario analysis strategy assessment model will be utilized to construct a future technical development model based on present status, and will diffuse and apply the forecasting model to the cycle period of future market technical innovation. Therefore, applying SA in this study can effectively connect historical information to the analysis of technology development.

This research used SONY VTR TDS as a case study that provides a strategy assessment model to technology‐intensive industry for technical development strategy planning as the basis of decision information for technical forecasting. Output of the R&D department is the core lifeline for the development of a company, and TDS is affected by the orientation of customer demand and has an impact on the development of TLC to form the cycle period of uncertainty.

This model applied the property of TDS assessment to grasp the development trend in the market, and it can enable the R&D department to integrate technical push and market demand pull. In turn, this results in a gain in the competitive edge for technical innovation through a combination with strategies and regulations.

CORROSION COMMITTEE'S SIXTH REPORT. The purpose of a joint meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute and the Society of Chemical Industry, held last month at Church House, Westminster, was to discuss the Sixth Report of the Corrosion Committee of the Iron and Steel Institute containing an account of the researches carried out by that committee over the past twenty years.

The assessment of abstracting journals seems to be a subject which has fallen into some neglect in the literature of documentation in this country. This is probably because our thoughts have been turned to higher things. The word mechanization has been in the air with the result that we have heard all about machine retrieval, cards—edge‐punched and punched all over, magnetized cards, automatic sorting, peek‐a‐boo systems, co‐ordinate indexing, descriptors, etc. etc.

The purpose of this paper is to describe, review, classify and analyze the current challenges in three-dimensional printing processes for combined electrochemical and microfluidic fabrication areas, which include printing devices and sensors in specified areas.

A systematic review of the literature focusing on existing challenges is carried out. Focused toward sensors and devices in electrochemical and microfluidic areas, the challenges are oriented for a discussion exploring the suitability of printing varied geometries in an accurate manner. Classifications on challenges are based on four key categories such as process, material, size and application as the printer designs are mostly based on these parameters.

A key three-dimensional printing process methodologies have their unique advantages compared to conventional printing methods, still having the challenges to be addressed, in terms of parameters such as cost, performance, speed, quality, accuracy and resolution. Three-dimensional printing is yet to be applied for consumer usable products, which will boost the manufacturing sector. To be specific, the resolution of printing in desktop printers needs improvement. Printing scientific products are halted with prototyping stages. Challenges in three-dimensional printing sensors and devices have to be addressed by forming integrated processes.

The research is underway to define an integrated process-based on three-dimensional Printing. The detailed technical details are not shared for scientific output. The literature is focused to define the challenges.

The research can provide ideas to business on innovative designs. Research studies have scope for improvement ideas.

Review is focused on to have an integrated three-dimensional printer combining processes. This is a cost-oriented approach saving much of space reducing complexity.

To date, no other publication reviews the varied three-dimensional printing challenges by classifying according to process, material, size and application aspects. Study on resolution based data is performed and analyzed for improvements. Addressing the challenges will be the solution to identify an integrated process methodology with a cost-effective approach for printing macro/micro/nano objects and devices.

This paper offers a brief review of the present use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in concrete studies, from the perspective of how research in materials science is translated into applications in construction engineering. It describes the scope of present use of the method, and attempts a prospective for the near future in areas where more work could make productive use of the technology. Selected case studies have also been discussed. The electron microscope has been used as a research tool in understanding the root cause of the differing performance of various types of concrete under various conditions, a development tool in making better concrete, and a diagnosis tool on problems like cracking of concrete. The paper also explains how sample preparation affects the type and quality of information which the SEM can produce.

This paper aims to investigate the gas-sensing capability of Pd/TiO₂/Si MIS capacitor using capacitance versus gate voltage (C-V) response as a function of hydrogen gas concentration varying from 0.1 to 2 ppm at 300 kHz frequency.

The objective is to fabricate a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitor sensor based on TiO₂-thin-film insulator deposited by sol-gel spin-coating process. Gas-sensing signal derived on exposure to hydrogen with concentration varying from 0.1 to 2 ppm at different operating temperatures (room temperature to 1,500°C) was measured as variation in flat-band voltage in C-V characteristics of the MIS capacitor.

High sensitivity of the sensor is attributed to the large change of interface state charges because of the large surface-to-volume ratio of the nano-structured TiO₂. The values of response time as well as the recovery time have also been estimated and are found to be comparable to that observed in the case of conventional Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) structure.

The use of Si substrate restricts the performance of gas sensors to 200°C, as the Si substrate begins to show conductive nature.

This paper deals with an MIS capacitor gas sensor which replaces conventional insulating material by TiO₂ and uses a high-quality fabrication procedure for controlled growth of novel surface structure.

This paper describes the new technique used by International Computers Limited for vacuum bagging multilayer PCB bonding stacks. It is used as a cost‐effective alternative to previous consumable bagging systems used in autoclave vacuum bonding.