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A technique in which the features of retinal receptors, receptive fields of the peripheral cells and cortical retinotopic mapping can be combined to perform a template matching system requiring a single reference pattern has been devised for artificial vision algorithms.

Outlines the work of the Interactive Image Based Device for Effective Communication project [IBIDEM] in its aim of developing a video phone useful for lip‐reading by hearing‐impaired people, based on a new generation of space‐variant sensors and using standard telephone lines. The IBIDEM project is constructing a video phone using a camera with a retina‐like sensor, a motorized system for moving the viewpoint of the camera, as well as a display for the transmitted images which will allow high resolution in the area of interest i.e. lips or figures, whilst still maintaining a wide field of view. Experiments have been carried out to evaluate the minimum requirements for the video phone in terms of spatial and temporal resolution and the technical limitations which have to be taken into account in the design of a visual sensor.

Flow, or total concentration with intrinsic enjoyment, has been recognized as being able to enhance online gamer loyalty. However, some gamers who experience flow do not exhibit strong loyalty, posing the vital research question asking for whom flow would not enhance loyalty. Limited knowledge on this issue may lead game providers to assume that flow is influential in strengthening loyalty among all gamers, thus leading to suboptimal resource allocation and reduced effectiveness in retaining gamers. The purpose of the paper is to examine how gaming experience and gaming intensity moderate the impact of flow on online gamer loyalty.

In the paper, the hypotheses were tested using responses from 273 gamers.

The findings show that flow and gaming experience positively impact gamer loyalty. Gaming experience reduces the positive relationship between flow and gamer loyalty. However, gaming intensity does not reduce.

Game providers should focus on creating a flow experience to strengthen the loyalty of gamers with short-gaming experience. However, game providers should devise other means to strengthen loyalty among gamers with long-gaming experience.

The study challenged the assumption of flow theory, i.e. that flow always determines loyalty. Instead, the paper offers a moderator – gaming experience – which sets a boundary condition for this theory. Flow works well only among gamers with relatively short-gaming experience. The study also extended the literature on gaming experience by uniquely indicating its attenuating effect on the relation between flow and loyalty.