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Knowledge sharing in research communities has been considered indispensable to progress in science. The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms restricting knowledge sharing in science. It considers three categories of academia–industry knowledge transfer and a range of individual and contextual variables as possible predictors of knowledge-sharing restrictions.

A unique empirical data sample was collected based on a survey among 212 life science researchers affiliated with universities and other non-profit research institutions. A rich descriptive analysis was followed by binominal regression analysis, including relevant checks for the robustness of the results.

Researchers in academia who actively collaborate with industry are more likely to omit relevant content from publications in co-authorship with other academic researchers; delay their co-authored publications, exclude relevant content during public presentations; and deny requests for access to their unpublished and published knowledge.

This study informs policymakers that different types of knowledge-sharing restrictions are predicted by different individual and contextual factors, which suggests that policies concerning academia–industry knowledge and technology transfer should be tailored to contextual specificities.

This study contributes new predictors of knowledge-sharing restrictions to the literature on academia–industry interactions, including outcome expectations, trust and sharing climate. This study augments the knowledge management literature by separately considering the roles of various academic knowledge-transfer activities in instigating different types of knowledge-sharing restrictions in scientific research.

A brief description of the main activities of the Information Service at the Institute of Personnel Management (IPM) is followed by a detailed explanation of two successful experimental studies of the service which were recently carried out. Study One measures the level of demand from enquirers by analysing all subject enquiries received over a three month period. The enquiries were classified into forty‐six main subjects. Study Two investigates the adequacy of both published and unpublished material held by the IPM Library for the same forty‐six subjects. The purpose, method and conclusion is given for each study, and it is shown how the findings of the two studies were linked. Short extracts from the studies are included. A summary stresses that any information service must maintain a constant awareness of the changing needs of its users, so that their needs are not only met but anticipated. Studies such as these will provide an effective basis for achieving this aim.

The article is an abbreviated form of the author's MA thesis, and comprises the results of an analysis of publication and citation of economics literature. The growth of the monograph literature of economics seems to be below average, but a high birthrate of economics journals together with a growth in their size gives a high growth rate of periodical literature. From the analysis of citations in nine journals for 1950, 1960, and 1968 a shortening of the active life of both journal and non‐journal literature is found. A high degree of concentration of journal use is shown, over 70% of journal citations being from 20 titles, and the concentration is shown to be increasing. A rise in the use of unpublished material, especially working papers is indicated. Comparisons are made of the research use, measured by citations, with undergraduate use, measured by an analysis of reading lists at three British universities. Some tentative implications of the results for library policy are suggested.

It was estimated in 1952 that the United States was then spending more than 3,000 million dollars a year on research and development. Over half of this was paid for by the Federal Government and, more particularly, two‐fifths of it by the Department of Defense. Much of the research made possible with these tremendous government funds is of a fundamental character and, in the military sense, unclassified; a further large proportion is in the nature of applied science or development and has far‐reaching industrial significance. The scientific work carried out for the Federal Government, either in its own laboratories or under contract in American industry and universities, is thus of interest to scientists and technologists everywhere. The sponsoring agency which pays for the work naturally has control over the distribution of the scientific information which results from it. The international scientific community has no prescriptive right to this information, but fortunately the agencies concerned do make much of it available.

Over the last two decades, women's issues such as education, employment, pay equity, sexuality, lifestyle, housing, economics, environmental safety, health, child‐rearing practices, reproductive rights, military service, and criminal justice have become a major focus of public policy at every level. There has been equal interest about women of various ethnic backgrounds, women in other countries, and women's writing. There have been burgeoning social and political demands for research, scholarship, and activism on women‐related topics. To meet these demands, universities and colleges started interdisciplinary women's studies programs. Sheila Tobias, a leading scholar in the field of women's studies, defines it this way:

The purpose of this paper is to introduce Desa Informasi (Information Village), an institutional repository project carried out by Petra Christian University Library in Surabaya, Indonesia, and discuss its potential for enabling academic libraries to remain relevant in the digital era.

Definitions of an institutional repository are discussed and a short description of Desa Informasi and its digital contents are given. The potential of the digital contents in the repository as a “new species” of resource, as well as for a base for offering new services by academic libraries, is discussed. Lastly, the possibility of an institutional repository project being used by academic libraries to reach out to society is described, with relevant examples from the Desa Informasi project.

An institutional repository project can result in “new” resources and services for academic libraries, and has the potential to reach out to communities outside their traditional user base.

This paper identifies opportunities for academic libraries to remain relevant in the digital era.

A library user, who was in a wheelchair, mentioned recently that she had no idea how libraries are organized Or the amount of resources available in them. She explained that until the passage of Section 504 of the National Rehabilitation Act, when public buildings were required to be accessible, she could not get inside a library building.

Providing access to holdings is central to the work of archives, particularly those institutions which are publicly funded. Recently, questions relating to access have assumed additional importance for archives and other information institutions. To address these concerns, institutions such as the National Archives of Canada have become more aggressive in promoting the use of their holdings. A significant component of this strategy involves the provision, through various means, of copied holdings and information about those holdings. While similar, there are important differences between interlending in libraries and similar activities in archival institutions. These differences stem from the unique nature of archival documents. The National Archives of Canada disseminates information about itself and its holdings, as well as copies of actual holdings, through several programmes. These programmes include inter‐institutional loan of copies, photocopying services, a programme diffusing copies to provincial archives, and a new initiative to provide access to such information at “decentralized access sites” across the country.