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1 – 10 of over 33000Yunlong Shi, Liang Wang and Xiaoming Qian
The purpose of this paper is to compare the evaporative resistance and thermal insulation of clothing measured by thermal manikin “Walter” using uniform and non-uniform skin.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare the evaporative resistance and thermal insulation of clothing measured by thermal manikin “Walter” using uniform and non-uniform skin.
Design/methodology/approach
The non-uniform skin with different perspiration rates was made by laminating a silicone layer on the inner side of a uniform skin. The thermal manikin was then covered with prepared non-uniform skin as well as uniform one. Four types of clothing ensembles were tested.
Findings
The relative intensity of perspiration rate was realized in different part of “Walter” skin, which was close to the perspiration rate of human being. There was a strong correlation between uniform skin and non-uniform skin. The thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing measured on the non-uniform skin were higher than the ones determined on the uniform skin. However, their moisture permeability index showed the reversed tendency.
Research limitations/implications
The implication of the research is to investigate the differences between uniform skin and non-uniform skin for manikin “Walter.” This is possibly useful in correcting and predicting more accurate thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing measured by “Walter” with a uniform skin in future.
Originality/value
It was more accurate using non-uniform skin in evaluating thermal and wet comfort comparing to uniform skin.
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Salimeh Sadat Aghili, Mohsen Torabian, Mohammad Hassan Behzadi and Asghar Seif
The purpose of this paper is to develop a double-objective economic statistical design (ESD) of (
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a double-objective economic statistical design (ESD) of (
Design/methodology/approach
The design used in this study is based on a double-objective economic statistical design of (
Findings
Numerical results indicate that it is not possible to reduce the second type of error and costs at the same time, which means that by reducing the second type of error, the cost increases, and by reducing the cost, the second type of error increases, both of which are very important. Obtained based on the needs of the industry and which one has more priority has the right to choose. These designs define a Pareto optimal front of solutions that increase the flexibility and adaptability of the
Practical implications
This research adds to the body of knowledge related to flexibility in process quality control. This article may be of interest to quality systems experts in factories where the choice between cost reduction and statistical factor reduction can affect the production process.
Originality/value
The cost functions for double-objective uniform and non-uniform sampling schemes with the Weibull shock model based on the Linex loss function are presented for the first time.
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J.M. BARRINGTON and G.N. MARSHALL
In recent years, a number of what could be described as “educational rituals” have come under challenge in many New Zealand secondary schools. These rituals include school…
Abstract
In recent years, a number of what could be described as “educational rituals” have come under challenge in many New Zealand secondary schools. These rituals include school assemblies, the prefect system, and school uniforms. This article recounts a recent attempt on the part of a New Zealand secondary school to resolve a challenge to the tradition of compulsory school uniforms. The course of events contained many of the elements of participative decision making, and is none the less significant for having failed to bring about immediate change. The article also questions the validity of some assumptions which are implicit in much of the contemporary writing about educational decision making.
Service uniforms have often been studied from the customers’ perspective, as they contribute to service expectations and evaluations. Proposes that the influence of uniform should…
Abstract
Service uniforms have often been studied from the customers’ perspective, as they contribute to service expectations and evaluations. Proposes that the influence of uniform should also be considered from the service provider’s perspective. Discusses the first stage in the development of a 17‐item scale to assess service providers’ perceptions of their uniform. Identifies four dimensions of these perceptions: service approach, the look, customer influence and company identification. The emergence of the dimensions entitled service attitude and the look draws attention to issues concerned with how uniform wearers feel about themselves, and highlights the importance of the aesthetic uniform needs of the wearer. Suggests that management should give due consideration to uniform requirements as perceived by the service provider, as this is likely to impact positively on service employees and thus service orientation.
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Guizhi Wang, Jing Zhao and Jibo Chen
The purpose of this paper is to extend two‐dimensional sequential uniform design and present three‐dimensional sequential uniform design which can optimize the problem of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to extend two‐dimensional sequential uniform design and present three‐dimensional sequential uniform design which can optimize the problem of determining the extreme value of three‐factor polynomial.
Design/methodology/approach
Since there are limitations in two‐dimensional sequential uniform design, three‐dimensional sequential uniform design introduced in this paper is to arrange the experimental points by U9(93) uniform design table and to determine the maximum of the experimental values according to the demand. It is proven that the convergence of the experimental central point's sequence and that it can optimize the problem of determining the extreme value of no‐cross term quadratic polynomial monotone function class and the corresponding conditions are also proven. Taking the no‐cross term quadratic polynomial monotone function as an example, the superiority of it is testified.
Findings
Three‐dimensional sequential uniform design can optimize the problem of determining the extreme value of three‐factor polynomial. It can get higher precision and better convergence but do fewer experiments than general uniform design.
Practical implications
A very effective method in resolving the problem of selecting optimum on multi‐dimensional space.
Originality/value
A new method of three‐dimensional sequential uniform design which can get higher precision and better convergence is presented.
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Brooke Brandewie, Injoo Kim and Myoung-Ok Kim
This study aims to suggest opportunities for enhancing the police uniform design with consideration to the emotional and physical satisfaction of the wearers, by assessing the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to suggest opportunities for enhancing the police uniform design with consideration to the emotional and physical satisfaction of the wearers, by assessing the wearing experience.
Design/methodology/approach
University police officers at a University in the Midwestern region of the USA were surveyed to examine both psychological and emotional aspects including performance, comfort, professionalism and empowerment, as well as their satisfaction levels with fit, fabrics, aesthetics and functionality.
Findings
The study found that the wearing experience was poor, and not surprisingly, fabric satisfaction ranked the lowest of all factors. In regard to color, results showed that the uniforms should be in colors that are suitable to the university context, which in this case the wearers preferred the University athletic colors of black and red. It is easier to consider these colors, as they are a part of their organization and also enable the police to stand apart from municipal police, contrary to previous research demonstrating dark colors have negative connotations. Findings suggest that the university police uniform should have an athletic style with a regular fit, using specific performance fabrics that allow for stretch and breathability.
Originality/value
This study assesses the police uniform design and wearing experience and suggests design details to enhance how well officers physically perform in their role and also to inspire them to feel proud of their job and organization.
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Asli D.A. Tasci, Basak Denizci Guillet and William C. Gartner
The purpose of this study is to examine if consumers have substantially common color preferences in hospitality uniforms for destination brands. Employee uniforms with their…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine if consumers have substantially common color preferences in hospitality uniforms for destination brands. Employee uniforms with their dimensions of style, material and color are a crucial part of the coordinated brand message of a business or a destination; however, this has been a void in tourism and hospitality literature. Current visitors to Hong Kong were studied using intercept surveys in four different groups controlling for potential confounding factors. Although results reveal the common perception and preference for black-white-formal uniforms for Hong Kong’s hospitality industry across different treatment groups as well as different cultural groups, implications and discussions are provided as a call for further research in this venue of inquiry.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a cross-sectional study using a site intercept survey with structured questionnaires on Chinese and international travelers in Hong Kong. Four different surveys were used as different treatments for four groups of respondents that were randomly assigned into each group. Each group was presented with a different default pair of male and female uniform pictures for the initial evaluation on the first page of the survey, followed by a list of uniforms with different colors and styles on the second page of the survey to select and evaluate their own pairs of male and female uniforms.
Findings
Results revealed that consumers’ general favorite colors may not apply to their preferences for the employee uniforms for a destination they visit. Also, there were similarities in the favorite color and choice uniform color for the three general culture groups, such as Chinese, Asia-Pacific and Western consumers, included in the study. Besides, findings implied that Hong Kong may be a strong brand with a uniform color preference for hospitality uniforms for different consumer segments.
Research limitations/implications
This study needs to be considered as an exploratory attempt to bring researchers’ attention to the several questions still to be answered by future research. The results and discussions provided in this study are beyond being robust or conclusive; insights about potential brand connotations with employee uniform colors need to be taken as potential leads for future studies because there is a need for further study in this area.
Practical implications
The importance of hotel employee uniforms for quality hotel experience was the highest for the Chinese group, whereas it was the lowest for the Western group. Chinese and Asia-Pacific respondents placed more importance on uniforms as a cue for a quality hotel experience, which signal a higher level of involvement in visible cues in the consumption environment. Hence, hotels as well as destinations catering to these groups need to take their market segment preferences into consideration before making decisions about brand cues for their products.
Originality/value
There is a lack of attention to the color aspect of service encounter in tourism and hospitality literature. Therefore, color needs attention from researchers as a new venue of research in tourism and hospitality, especially in the tourism destination context. This study is a spearhead to generate interest by intriguing questions for future attention from researchers.
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Athanasios Bouboulas and Nikolaos Anifantis
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crack surfaces contact on the post-buckling behavior of a slender column with a non-propagating crack.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crack surfaces contact on the post-buckling behavior of a slender column with a non-propagating crack.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper a 3D finite element model has been implemented to study the post-buckling behavior of a slender column with a non-propagating crack. According to this model, the column is discretized into three-dimensional solid elements. Contact conditions are considered between the crack surfaces. The non-linear equations for this model are solved using an incremental-iterative procedure, and the equilibrium path of the cracked column is extracted.
Findings
Load-displacement curves are presented for a cantilever column with a transverse surface crack of either uniform or non-uniform depth across the column cross-section. For both crack shapes, the load-displacement curves are presented for various values of crack depth and position. The results of this study are in good agreement with the results available in the literature. Comparisons with the results of the always-open crack were performed. The post-buckling behavior of a column with a uniform depth crack is more sensitive to variations in crack depth and position than the post-buckling behavior of a column with a non-uniform depth crack.
Originality/value
A 3D finite element approach for the post-buckling behavior of a transversely cracked column including contact between crack surfaces.
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The purpose of this article is to examine whether officer uniform color influences impressions the public forms about the character of police officers.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to examine whether officer uniform color influences impressions the public forms about the character of police officers.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey using digitally manipulated photographic prompts was used to examine how various levels of officer race, posture, and uniform color as well as a number of other experiential, attitudinal and demographic variables influenced subjects' impressions of officers' character on factor scores constructed from a set of semantic differential scales.
Findings
Officer uniform color influences impression formation, but not in the expected manner. Black uniforms elicited more positive impressions of officers than did lighter uniforms.
Research limitations/implications
Convenience sample was drawn from university undergraduates.
Practical implications
Darker uniforms for police may enhance favorable character impressions formed by some sectors of the public.
Originality/value
The research instrument improves measurement validity over prior methods while maintaining a precise experimental control. Findings contradict the conclusions of prior research on public perceptions of darker vs lighter police uniforms.
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Hojjat Saberinejad, Ali Keshavarz, Mohammad Payandehdoost, Mohammad Reza Azmoodeh and Alireza Batooei
The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the heat transfer enhancement in a tube filled partially with porous media under non-uniform porosity distribution and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the heat transfer enhancement in a tube filled partially with porous media under non-uniform porosity distribution and thermal dispersion effects. The optimum porous thickness ratio [R_(r,Nu)] for the heat transfer enhancement under these conditions with and without considering required pumping power is evaluated.
Design/methodology/approach
The local thermal non-equilibrium and Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer models are used to simulated thermal and flow fields in porous region. The tube wall and flow regime are assumed to be isothermal and laminar, respectively. The impacts of Darcy number (Da = 10-6 - 10-1) and inertia parameter (F = 0 − 2) on the Nusselt number and friction factor are studied for non-uniform porosity distribution.
Findings
First, the effect of Nusselt number indicates that there are two different behaviors with respect to uniform and non-uniform porosity for partially and fully filled porous pipe. Second, variable porosity in porous region has significant influence on the optimum thickness ratio with considering required pumping power. For negligible inertia term, it depends on the Darcy number, whereas it is 0.9 at F > 1. Third, the plug flow assumption cannot be valid even at lower Darcy number under non-uniform porosity, while this assumption is applicable at Da < 10-3 for constant porosity distribution in porous region.
Originality/value
According to the best knowledge of authors, the optimum porous thickness ratio for the heat transfer enhancement considering the pressure loss effects under variable porosity has not reported up to now. Also the plug flow assumption in such physics is not discussed.
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