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Article
Publication date: 14 January 2014

Javad Abbaszadeh, Herlina Binti Abdul Rahim, Ruzairi Bin Abdul Rahim and Sahar Sarafi

Since the importance role of ultrasonic tomography (UT) in industry, especially in oil industry, to produce noninvasive and nondestructive plane images, research on UT system with…

Abstract

Purpose

Since the importance role of ultrasonic tomography (UT) in industry, especially in oil industry, to produce noninvasive and nondestructive plane images, research on UT system with a metal pipe conveyor is investigated. The produced cross-sectional images are used for detecting the concentration of solid and liquid mixture inside the pipe, noninvasively. In practice, due to application of metal pipes as the conveyor of oil mixture so the capability of manufacturing an UT system with a metal pipe is investigated in this paper. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Finite element software (COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5) for visualizing the structure of pipe with mounted sensors on the periphery of the pipe is used. The manner of ultrasonic wave propagation on different layers on various frequencies and finding the time of flight for transmission mode signal and lamb mode signal are achieved by the means of done simulations. Finding the proper ultrasonic sensor base on its efficiency is the main step of designing an UT system. This is done by estimating the resonance frequency of sensor due to the manner of ultrasonic wave propagation in different frequencies shown in simulation results.

Findings

Due to simulation results, lamb wave is a permanent propagation mode of ultrasonic wave which makes interference in measuring process of straight path signal and it is impossible to remove. Relief of the mentioned problem finding an optimum frequency to decrease the affection of lamb wave in detecting point. Optimum frequency of ultrasonic wave to satisfy the objective is 45 kHz which is measured by considering of mathematic of ultrasonic wave propagation in different layers. The reaching time of straight path signal and lamb wave signal in opposite sensor as the receiver are 5.5 and 4.6 μs, respectively.

Originality/value

This investigation is the first step to perform the UT in a noninvasive method to produce the cross-sectional images of metal pipe. Due to the wide application of metal pipes as the conveyor of the liquids/gases, metal pipe for the UT application is studied in this research.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 34 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 November 2023

S. Raja Balasaraswathi and Jonalee D. Bajpai

Ultrasonic welding is an emerging apparel manufacturing technique. However, the applications are widely explored in the field of technical textiles, with less exploration in the…

Abstract

Purpose

Ultrasonic welding is an emerging apparel manufacturing technique. However, the applications are widely explored in the field of technical textiles, with less exploration in the apparel endues. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of ultrasonic welding in apparel by analyzing the impacts of different parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzed the influence of ultrasonic welding parameters, including pressure, welding speed and ultrasonic power on the seam performances (seam strength, seam bursting strength, seam thickness and seam stiffness). The parameters are optimized using Box–Behnken experimental design to achieve better seam performances.

Findings

The properties of ultrasonic seams are influenced by welding and fabric properties. Ultrasonically welded seams showed better performances in the case of comfort properties of seams, whereas the functional properties are lesser compared to conventional seams.

Originality/value

The findings of the research clearly outline the level of influence of different parameters on the performance of the ultrasonically welded seams in knitted fabrics, which can greatly help in applying ultrasonic welding manufacturing methods in apparel manufacturing.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 36 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 May 2023

Chung-Ping Chang, Song-Fu Hong and Tzu-Guang Chen

In this investigation, a linear encoder system based on the ultrasonic transducer has been proposed. Ultrasonic transducers are usually designed for distance measurements, such as…

Abstract

Purpose

In this investigation, a linear encoder system based on the ultrasonic transducer has been proposed. Ultrasonic transducers are usually designed for distance measurements, such as the time of flight method and sonar system. These applications are defined as discrete-length measurement technologies. The purpose of this study is to develop a continuous displacement measurement system using ultrasonic transducers.

Design/methodology/approach

A modified signal processing based on heterodyne signaling is implemented in this system. In the proposed signal processing, there is an automatic gain control module, a phase-shifting module, a phase detection module, an interpolation module and especially a frequency multiplication module, which can enhance the resolution and reduce the interpolation error simultaneously.

Findings

The proposed system can generate the encoding signals and is compatible with most motion control systems. For the experimental result, the maximum measurement error and standard deviation are about −0.027 and 0.048 mm, respectively. It shows that the proposed encoder system has the potential for displacement measurement tasks.

Originality/value

This study reveals an ultrasonic linear encoder that is capable of generating an incremental encoding signal, accompanied by a corresponding signal processing methodology. In contrast to the conventional heterodyne signal processing approach, the proposed multiplication method effectively reduces the interpolation error that arises because of multiple reflections.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 43 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 March 2023

Tian Huang, Guisheng Gan, Cong Liu, Peng Ma, Yongchong Ma, Zheng Tang, Dayong Cheng, Xin Liu and Kun Tian

This paper aims to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic-assisted loading degrees on the microstructure, mechanical properties and the fracture morphology of…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic-assisted loading degrees on the microstructure, mechanical properties and the fracture morphology of Cu/Zn+15%SAC0307+15%Cu/Al solder joints.

Design/methodology/approach

A new method in which 45 μm Zn particles were mixed with 15% 500 nm Cu particles and 15% 500 nm SAC0307 particles as solders (SACZ) and five different ultrasonic loading degrees were applied for realizing the soldering between Cu and Al at 240 °C and 8 MPa. Then, SEM was used to observe and analyze the soldering seam, interface microstructure and fracture morphology; the structural composition was determined by EDS; the phase of the soldering seam was characterized by XRD; and a PTR-1102 bonding tester was adopted to test the average shear strength.

Findings

The results manifest that Al–Zn solid solution is formed on the Al side of the Cu/SACZ/Al joints, while the interface IMC (Cu5Zn8) is formed on the Cu side of the Cu/SACZ/Al joints. When single ultrasonic was used in soldering, the interface IMC (Cu5Zn8) gradually thickens with the increase of ultrasonic degree. It is observed that the proportion of Zn or ZnO areas in solders decreases, and the proportion of Cu–Zn compound areas increases with the variation of ultrasonic degree. The maximum shear strength of joint reaches 46.01 MPa when the dual ultrasonic degree is 60°. The fracture position of the joint gradually shifts from the Al side interface to the solders and then to the Cu side interface.

Originality/value

The mechanism of ultrasonic action on micro-nanoparticles is further studied. By using different ultrasonic loading degrees to realize Cu/Al soldering, it is believed that the understandings gained in this study may offer some new insights for the development of low-temperature soldering methodology for heterogeneous materials.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 40 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1989

E. Goold

The potentially highly automated process of surface mounting electronic components directly onto a substrate or printed circuit board possesses a very weak link. Component…

Abstract

The potentially highly automated process of surface mounting electronic components directly onto a substrate or printed circuit board possesses a very weak link. Component movement subsequent to placement and before or during solder reflow leads to defect conditions such as tombstoning or rotational misalignment. This work investigates the feasibility of replacing this ‘weak’ assembly step(s) with ultrasonics. The selection and modification of suitable ultrasonic equipment is described as in the bonding of chip components onto PCBs. Reliability analysis of the resultant bonds along with bond quality in terms of shear strength and appearance under scanning electron microscope and optical microscope is studied. The results show that, with certain preferred directions of ultrasonic weld, weld preload and weld time bond strengths obtained compare very favourably with those achieved with the present surface mount technology reflow process, hence establishing the feasibility of ultrasonics for this application.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 15 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Article
Publication date: 31 December 2018

Seyed Foad Mousavi, Seyed Hassan Hashemabadi and Hossein Azizi Moghaddam

Invasive transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement involves the use of ultrasonic transducers, which sense the flowing fluid and are the most important parts of an ultrasonic…

Abstract

Purpose

Invasive transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement involves the use of ultrasonic transducers, which sense the flowing fluid and are the most important parts of an ultrasonic flowmeter. In this study, two ultrasonic transducers were designed, numerically simulated and fabricated to be used in an ultrasonic gas flowmeter.

Design/methodology/approach

PZT-5H piezoceramic elements with specific dimensions were designed and used as beating heart inside the transducers. Different methods, including impedance-frequency analysis, optical emission spectroscopy and performance tests in pressurized chambers were used to evaluate the piezoelectric elements, ultrasonic transducer housings and the fabricated transducers, respectively. In addition, finite element method results showed its ability for design stages of ultrasonic transducer.

Findings

Experimental results for transit time difference (TTD) and the normalized received voltage were compared with simulation results at the same conditions. There was a quite good agreement between the two method results. Extensive simulation results showed that under the considered range of environmental conditions, the change of acoustic path length has the most impact on TTD, with respect to temperature and pressure. A change of 1 mm in acoustic path length leads to 0.74 per cent change in TTD, approximately. In addition, for normalized received voltage, 1 bar change in pressure has the most impact and its value is as high as 3.76 per cent.

Practical implications

This method is possibly used in ultrasonic gas flowmeter fabrication.

Originality/value

In this work, design, fabrication, experimental tests and numerical simulation of ultrasonic transducers are presented.

Article
Publication date: 3 November 2014

X.R. Zhang, L.Z. Liu, J.F. Li, W.W. Cui and L. Weng

The key purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic irradiation times on the wettability and other properties of the resulting water-based…

Abstract

Purpose

The key purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic irradiation times on the wettability and other properties of the resulting water-based coating. The subject water-based coating was prepared using water-soluble polyester and amino resins by ultrasonic oscillation.

Design/methodology/approach

The coating was prepared by polymerising polyester and amino resins in water using ultrasonic oscillation. The coating was baked for 40 seconds at 350°C to coalesce and solidify the film. The contact angle, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the film, as well as the molecular weight (MW) and structure of the polyester resin, were determined.

Findings

The contact angle of the coating was found to decrease with ultrasonic irradiation; the mechanical properties and thermal stability were not altered when the irradiation time was longer than 5 hours. The MW of the polyester initially decreased then increased and stabilized with ultrasonic irradiation. The structure of polyester molecule and aggregated state of the solidified coating were not changed by ultrasonic irradiation.

Research limitations/implications

In the study reported here, the effects of different ultrasonic irradiation times were investigated. Results of this research could benefit in-depth understanding of the influence of ultrasonic treatment on polyester resins and polyester coatings and could further promote the development of water-based coatings.

Originality/value

The contact angle of the water-based coating decreased by mechanical means. The effects of ultrasound on microstructure and properties of the coating and resin were discussed in detail.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 43 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2000

Weihua Shi and Trevor Little

Investigates the potential for building smart seams by incorporating optic fibers ultrasonically. The heating and bonding mechanisms of ultrasonic welding process in fabrics were…

1980

Abstract

Investigates the potential for building smart seams by incorporating optic fibers ultrasonically. The heating and bonding mechanisms of ultrasonic welding process in fabrics were studied. Battle dress uniform (BDU) (50/50 nylon/cotton), 100 percent cotton, 100 percent polyester and Nomex fabrics were used and were bonded ultrasonically with and without polyurethane adhesives. The effects of three important welding parameters, namely weld pressure, weld time and amplitude of vibration, on the joint strength and the temperature profile at the interface were examined. The temperature profiles for different fabrics were measured during ultrasonic welding process. The attenuation degree of signal transition properties of optic fibers incorporated was tested to determine if ultrasonic process provided a possible way of embedding optic fibers into seams and achieving sufficient joint strength while the signal transmission properties of optic fibers incorporated were not changed significantly.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 12 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 1999

David D. Shepard and Kim R. Smith

Measurements of the ultrasonic sound speed of thermosetting resins and composites can be used as an in‐process cure monitoring technique. Ultrasonic measurements have an advantage…

Abstract

Measurements of the ultrasonic sound speed of thermosetting resins and composites can be used as an in‐process cure monitoring technique. Ultrasonic measurements have an advantage over other in‐process techniques in that ultrasonic sensors do not make contact with the part (thus leaving no imbedded sensor or witness mark) and can make true bulk measurements of the part. A new commercially available ultrasonic cure monitoring system for the cure monitoring of thermosetting resins and composites has been developed. Advancements in ultrasonic sensor technology enable the self‐contained ultrasonic sensor to be easily installed in a mold and maintain good coupling to the part during thermal cycling to 260°C. Data are presented showing the change in ultrasonic sound speed during the compression molding of epoxy prepregs. The data show a good relationship to the electrical resistivity data collected via dielectric cure monitoring. The ultrasonic technique is also applicable to phenolic based materials.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 February 2014

Jiandong Zheng and Xiaoguang Ren

CaCO3 solution was chosen as the research environment in boiling pool heat transfer system using an automatic data collection system and scaling experiments. In this experiment…

Abstract

Purpose

CaCO3 solution was chosen as the research environment in boiling pool heat transfer system using an automatic data collection system and scaling experiments. In this experiment, different concentrations of solution were made and ultrasonic excitation was applied under differing conditions of salt concentration and heat flux, such that the ultrasonics could reduce scale accumulation on the metal surface. The effectiveness of ultrasonics in inhabiting CaCO3 scale formation was evaluated. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Different concentration solution was made. Under the condition of different concentration and heat flux, the ultrasonic was introduced, so that it can reduce the scale accumulation on the metal surface. Ultrasonic function in inhabiting CaCO3 scale can be evaluated.

Findings

The results showed that the ultrasonic not only enhanced the heat transfer rate under boiling conditions but also prevented the accumulation of the scale on the metal surface.

Originality/value

The ultrasonic can enhance the heat transfer on the heater surface both in distilled water and scaled solution. In the earlier period, the heat transfer coefficient increases with the heat flux increases.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 61 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

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